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3. Analysis of the Potential of Shift Mode of Transportation for Energy Saving

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3. Analysis of the Potential of Shift Mode of Transportation for Energy Saving Executive summary report Project to study the potential of shift mode in river transportation for energy saving. Introduction Nowadays, Thailand has a continuous economic growth, resulting in a large amount of energy being used in the economic sector of the country’s transportation sector. Land transportation uses a lot of energy, while water transportation uses much less energy. Presently, land transportation is considered a major part of transportation and has many continuous effects such as air pollution, environmental problems. And due to the continuously increasing number of cars, therefore more traffic congestion which results in increased energy consumption and accidents. To increase efficiency and reduce energy use in the transportation sector, modification of transportation is necessary, with regards to the change of transport from on the roads to more on the rivers. If water transportation is encouraged, more energy will be saved. This is because it can transport a lot of flights resulting in less amount of energy used per unit than other forms of transportation. This change can reduce traffic congestion caused by land transportation and help reduce the rate of accidents and pollution. According to the mission of Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency in promoting and supervising energy conservation in accordance with the energy conservation plan for the year 2015-2036, Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency set the goal to reduce the intensity of energy use by 30 percent in 2036 when compared to 2010. The energy conservation plan consists of various measures, with the most energy conservation measures being of the transportation sector's that target energy conservation in 2036, or 58 percent of the total target. Currently, the country's main transportation is land transport, however, water transportation plays an increasingly important role. According to The Twelfth National Economic and Social Development Plan(year 2017- 2021), the goal is to increase the volume of river freight transportation from 12 percent to 15 percent in the year 2021, with the energy cunsuption in water transportation will be for passengers transportation and for important products transportation to achieve this goal. CHULA UNISEARCH Executive summary report Project to study the potential of shift mode in river transportation for energy saving. Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency sincerely hopes that this publication will be useful in providing knowledge and understanding to all concerned and people interested in effective energy conservation measures in the water transportation sector and will continue to achieve sustainable results. June 2020 Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency CHULA UNISEARCH Executive summary report Project to study the potential of shift mode in river transportation for energy saving. Table of contents 1 Project Background ............................................................................................................................... 1 2 Current characteristics and status of river freight transportation in Thailand .......................... 2 3 Analysis of the potential of Shift Mode of transportation for energy saving ........................... 3 4 Analysis of the potential for increasing energy efficiency in water transportation ............. 8 5. Methods and plans to promote shift mode of transportation and travel .............................. 11 6 Business plans and components to drive the strategy ............................................................... 22 Reference ................................................................................................................................................... 28 CHULA UNISEARCH Executive summary report Project to study the potential of shift mode in river transportation for energy saving. 1. Project Background Nowadays, Thailand has a continuous economic growth, resulting in energy consumption in many economic sectors. In 2017, energy usage in transportation and industrial sectors accounted for the most, at 40.0% and 35.2% respectively. As for the country’s energy usage in the transportation sector, road transportation uses the most energy of up to 78.5 percent, while water transportation uses only 4.2 percent. At present, road transportation is considered a major part of transportation and has many continuous effects such as air pollution, environmental problems, and the continuously increasing number of cars, causing traffic congestion which results in increased energy consumption and accidents. During the year 2013-2017, Thailand has an average of 580 million tons of cargo per year, with the highest volume of road transportation of an average transportation cost at 2.12 baht / ton- kilometer. While the railway and river transportation costs are much lower, at 0.95 and 0.65 baht / ton-kilometer respectively, despite the volume of transport is much lower than by the road. This results in higher transportation and logistics costs for the country and it affects the business competitiveness. According to the mission of Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency in promoting and supervising energy conservation in accordance with the energy conservation plan for the year 2015-2036, Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency set the goal to reduce the intensity of energy use by 30 percent. Despite the country's main transportation is land transport, water transportation plays an increasingly important role as well. As can be seen from The Twelfth National Economic and Social Development Plan (year 2017-2021) with the goal to increase the volume of river freight transportation from 12 percent to 15 percent. The energy conservation promotion fund proposed to study the potential enhamncement of Shift Mode water transportation for energy saving inorder to expand the results to be more tangible and to push energy conservation measures into effect for the transportation sector. The purpose of this project study is to study the development of efficient freight and passenger river transportation system by changing the mode of transportation (Shift Mode) and increasing energy efficiency which can be used as a mechine in driving the transportation of goods and passengers to be more efficiently. In addition, guidelines have been developed to promote the country’s water transportation to be efficient and energy saving including formulated concrete guidelines to maximize the results, as well as the study of business model and guidelines for promoting the use of electric boats for passenger transportation by river. CHULA UNISEARCH Page 1 Executive summary report Project to study the potential of shift mode in river transportation for energy saving. 2. Current characteristics and status of river freight transportation in Thailand Water transport is a mode of transportation that has the most energy efficiency compared to other forms of transport. It has energy efficiency per unit of transportation (Ton- kilometers) 8.6 times higher than water transport and 2.5 times higher than rail transport. In addition, water transport is the lowest cost-per-weight-distance transportation1; 3-4 times cheaper than by the roads and 30% cheaper than by the railways. There fore this method is preferred in the transportation of heavy goods or bulk cargo. However, because water transportation is not a direct transport from the source to the destination (Door-to-Door), it requires changes of modes of transportation at the source and destination, which has the cost of unloading. Products in changing modes of transportation As shown in Figure 1.there fore, the total cost of water transportation will be lower than other forms of transportation in the following cases. 1) The distance of transportation is far enough, such as more than 400 kilometers. So that the economical shipping cost is greater than the cost of changing the mode of transportation. 2) Goods transported by water must have a very low inventory cost due to an increasing time occurred by the process of carrying goods to be stored at the port and the coordination needed between vehicles at the ports on both sides. Also the traveling time by boat is longer than by the road and rails. However, the cost for storing the product and lifting the load onto the ship may varies depending on the product type. Figure 1 Cost and expenses for river transportation Source: Konings (2009) CHULA UNISEARCH Page 2 Executive summary report Project to study the potential of shift mode in river transportation for energy saving. River freight transportation in the central region of Thailand mostly uses the Chao Phraya and Pa Sak rivers as the main route for agricultural, constructional, and mineral products. Due to being in the central region, the origin of the product is The central provinces such as Ang Thong, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, Pathum Thani, Samut Sakhon, and the destination of the goods are the Bangkok Port, private piers on the Chao Phraya River, and Koh Sichang Pier. Other rivers are transported only at the estuary near the sea (Mae Klong, Bang Pa-in, Tapi). Noi rivers 0.174 million tons Chao Phraya rivers 22.145 million tons Pasak rivers 33.420 million tons Figure 2 Freight route And volume of goods classified by river origin and destination of the total volume of cargo transportation in Thailand Source : Marine Department (2019) 3. Analysis of the potential of Shift Mode of transportation for energy
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