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Wiwiw Project Internet Pioneers Meeting Chimed in with a Story About His Involvement in An- on 31 March 2010, I Traveled to Washington D.C [3B2-14] man2010040090.3d 9/11/010 12:43 Page 90 Events and Sightings Chigusa Kita, Editor Kansai University WiWiW Project Internet Pioneers Meeting chimed in with a story about his involvement in an- On 31 March 2010, I traveled to Washington D.C. to other aspect of Internet privatization. Another pioneer meet with other Internet pioneers in a event organized jumped in with his privatization memories, followed by Andreu Vea` as part of the Who Is Who in the Inter- by another, and so on. For at least half an hour this net World (WiWiW) project (WiWiW.org). The project topic was discussed with many surprises (‘‘I didn’t goal is to leave a ‘‘structured, digitally recorded register’’ know you were doing that over there while I was of the ideas that led the Internet pioneers to create the doing this at my institution’’). Clearly, big changes network as we know it today based on primary-source such as Internet privatization didn’t come from the histories from the founders and deployers who spread work of just a few planners. There might have been a theInternetthroughouttheworld. plan,butintheend,itwasanorganicprocesswith The project began as a hobby of Vea`’s while he was many people in many places playing more or less signif- working on his doctoral thesis.1 Vea` explained, icant roles. Two or three other topics were also discussed in the After more than ten years of interviewing Internet Pio- same unstructured, yet fascinating and broad reaching neers, and impelled by Dr. Vint Cerf’s interest in the proj- way, including the evolution within the US DoD and ect, I quit my job and accepted an invitation by Stanford among its contractors from the planned Autodin II net- University to be Internet Research Scholar. I have been work to the Defense Data Network, and the spread of there since early 2003. The WiWiW project is privately the TCP Internet protocol. Obviously, Vea`’s idea of funded, and I am aided by a continuously growing, inter- interviewing and bringing together a range of first- national research group (wiwiw.org/credits.htm). hand participants, including many whose contributions are lesser known, for the collective memory experiment To date, Vea` has interviewed and processed the is a powerful approach to gathering and sorting out the interviews of more than 250 Internet pioneers. The real facts of the creation of the Internet, This was espe- project website illustrates his methodology at wiwiw. cially true having all the participants in the same room, org/method.gif. where differing memories were immediately challenged For the March meeting, Internet pioneers trickled and frequently reconciled. into the Washington D.C. meeting place throughout BBN Technologies (bbn.com) provided hospitality the morning and afternoon, with 10 of them scheduled for the meeting throughout the day, including the to be individually interviewed by Vea`. As these inter- meeting space in its Rosslyn, Virginia, office. The buffet views were happening, the other pioneers spent enjoy- dinner and a National Geographic photographer Becky able hours catching on their personal lives and Hale (halephotography.com) were funded by the Inter- reminiscing about their involvement in the early days net Society (isoc.org) by arrangement with president of the Internet. and CEO Lynn St. Amour. Gene Gaines provided logis- The full group meeting began officially at 5:30 p.m. tics support and support throughout the day and dur- with a group photo (see Figure 1), a buffet dinner, and ing the three-month effort of organizing the meeting. then a planned roundtable discussion (which was He also arranged for Thomas Jefferson High School 2 chaired by Internet historian Janet Abbate). The for Science students Thomas Georgiou and Daniel roundtable discussion, which Vea` called a ‘‘collective Johnson to videotape the evening roundtable. Joan memory experiment,’’ was to start with each pioneer Batet (from Tarragona, Spain) assisted Vea` throughout saying, in turn, a few words about his involvement in the day, doing still photography and welcoming guests Internet history. However, with so many strong person- while the personal interviews were conducted. alities in the room, the ‘‘in-turn’’ format failed, and Abbate wisely let the discussion follow its own fascinat- ing course. References and notes Craig Partridge did say a few words before turning 1. A. Vea`, ‘‘History, Society, Technology and Network Develop- the floor over to the person at his right, Steve Wolf, ment: An Expose´ of the Most Unknown Face of the Inter- who was head of the US National Science Foundation net,’’ doctoral dissertation, La Salle Univ. School of Eng., from 1986 to 1994 and from this position was instru- Barcelona, 2002, (in Spanish); http://www.veabaro.info/tesi. mental in the privatization of the Internet. Wolff’s 2. Dan Morrow, who was executive director of the Computer- remarks had barely begun before another pioneer world Smithsonian Awards Program and has been involved 90 IEEE Annals of the History of Computing Published by the IEEE Computer Society 1058-6180/10/$26.00 c 2010 IEEE [3B2-14] man2010040090.3d 9/11/010 12:43 Page 91 in the Smithsonian Institution Oral and Video History Program, also attended the meeting. Dave Walden [email protected] ELIS Revival Festival The ELIS Revival Festival was held at the Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST) in Nomi, Ishikawa, Japan from 7 to 9 August 2010. The Electrical Communication Laboratories LIST Processor (ELIS) is a Lisp machine developed by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT) around 1985 that supports the multiple pro- gramming paradigm language TAO. At the festival, the ELIS machine was turned on Figure 1. Arpanet (and Internet) pioneers. Left to right: Barry Wessler after laying dormant for more than 20 years (front), Craig Partridge (back), Charlie Herzfeld, Bernie Cosell, Larry and it ran beautifully. Approximately 80 peo- Landweber (back), Al Blue (front), Les Earnest, Heidi Heiden, Steve ple joined this festival and congratulated the Wolff, Peter Sevcik, Bob Kahn, Steve Lukasik, Noel Chiappa (far back), revival of ELIS. Dave Walden, Vint Cerf, Doug Gale, Alex McKenzie, and Carl Sunshine. Yasushi Hibino, vice president of JAIST, Steve Crocker arrived after the photo was taken. (Photo courtesy of started the research and development of ELIS Becky Hale.) in 1978 when he was with the Human Inter- face Laboratories of NTT. He designed VLSI- oriented architecture for ELIS using a repetitive structure. He completed the ELIS prototype Hydrogen in 1984. He and his colleagues implemented a single VLSI chip with two mi- cron CMOS cell technology to realize all the processor functions of ELIS. It was a 15-mm- square chip with about 8,000 transistors and was fabricated successfully by OKI Electric Industry. The results were reported at the IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Confer- ence in February 1987. Figure 2. Roundtable discussion at the Who Is Who in the Internet World ELIS was put on the market as the AI work- (WiWiW) project meeting. A high school student (on the left) digitally station ELIS-8100 by NTT-IT in 1987. Two recorded the collective memory experiment. Andreu Vea` is sitting on the years later, the ELIS-8200 series was devel- table outside the group. The box of Internet history books and papers in oped, which included both stand-alone and the foreground was used throughout the day to check points of mem- desktop models. In total, about 500 of ELIS ory. Steve Crocker, who absent for the group photo, is sitting with his workstations were shipped. ELIS achieved a back to the whiteboard, between Bernie Cosell and Bob Kahn. performance of about one million Lisp oper- ations per second in the interpreter mode, TAO, ELIS commercial products, ELIS succes- which was much higher than commercial sors, and present and future of Lisp. On the Lisp workstations already in the market. last day, Hiroyuki Matsumoto, the chief de- TheELISRevivalFestivalinAugustwas signer of the Ruby programming language, organized as part of the JAIST 20th anniver- delivered an invited talk, ‘‘Lisp to Ruby, sary events. Hibino exhibited several models Ruby to Lisp,’’ which was followed by a of ELIS workstations (see Table 1). At the cer- panel discussion on the future of Lisp. emony, Ikuo Takeuchi, who was responsible The ELIS Revival Festival was sponsored by for the TAO development, turned on the JAIST and supported by the Information Pro- ELIS-8100’s power, confirming the operation cessing Society of Japan’s Special Committee of both ELIS-8100 and 8200. for the History of Computing. It was also A three-day symposium on ELIS and Lisp held in cooperation with NTT-IT, Oki Electric was also held during the festival. The sessions Industry, and NTT Cyber Communications included the origin and history of ELIS and Laboratories Group. October–December 2010 91 [3B2-14] man2010040090.3d 9/11/010 12:43 Page 92 Events and Sightings Table 1. List of exhibits of the ELIS Revival Festival. Mark Zuckerberg (CEO, Facebook), The Facebook Effect, on 21 July Name Number Remarks Ross Bassett (North Carolina State Uni- versity), ‘‘Before Bangalore and Silicon Hydrogen 1 First prototype Valley: How Indian MIT and IIT Gradu- VX-2000 1 Second prototype ates Have Shaped Computing History,’’ ELIS-8100 2 First commercial product on 15 July ELIS-8200 2 Stand-alone and desktop Ross Bassett, ‘‘The Foundation of Today’s models Digital World: The Triumph of the MOS ELIS/VME 1 set Boards product Transistor,’’ on 13 July ELIS/PC board 1 set A front end PC/LT PLATO@50: Seeing the Future Through and front end thePast(two-dayconference,sevenlec- TAO/SILENT 1 tures), on 2–3 June ELIS VLSI chip wafer 1 Robert W.
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