Computer Networking a Top-Down Approach 6Th Edition
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Analysis of Bittorrent Protocol and Its Effect on the Network ENSC 427: Final Project Report Spring 2011
SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Analysis of BitTorrent Protocol and Its Effect on the Network ENSC 427: Final Project Report Spring 2011 Group 11 www.sfu.ca/~kna5/ensc427 Ken Kyoungwoo Nam 301046747 Kna5 @sfu.ca Yu Jie Xu 301083552 Xya14 @ sfu.ca Abstract The first version of the peer-to-peer file sharing protocol was invented in 1999, called Napster protocol. From then on, the application of peer-to-peer protocol has been widely spread in the internet. The advantage of the network with p2p protocol is that it needs much less server bandwidth compare to the basic client and server network. Moreover, in the p2p network, the client itself is the server, so they can communicate with each other without the central sever. Nowadays, there are two primary peer-to-peer file sharing protocol that dominate in the network: the Gnutella protocol and BitTorrent Protocol. In our project, we will focus on BitTorrent Protocol. To do this, we will create three different networks in OPNET, and investigate the network performance with and without BitTorrent nodes. 2 Table of contents 1. Introduction…………..……………………………………………………………......4 2. Theory……………...………………………………………………………………......4 2.1 Terminology and Definition…………………………………………………......5 2.2 Peer-to-Peer Protocol…………………………………………………………….5 2.3 BitTorrent Protocol………………………………………………………………6 2.4 BitTorrent Tracker………………………………………………………………7 2.5 Rarest Algorithm…………………………………………………………………8 2.6 Choke Algorithm…………………………………………………………………9 3. Implementation…...…………………………………………………………..……...10 3.1 Packet Formats………………………………………………………………….11 3.2 Normal Client and Server Node Models………………………………………11 3.3 Plain Peer-to-Peer Node Model……………………………………..…………12 3.4 BitTorrent Node Model……………………………………………………...…13 3.5 Building the Small Network……………………………………………………14 3.6 Building the Large Network…………………………………………………...15 4. -
Uila Supported Apps
Uila Supported Applications and Protocols updated Oct 2020 Application/Protocol Name Full Description 01net.com 01net website, a French high-tech news site. 050 plus is a Japanese embedded smartphone application dedicated to 050 plus audio-conferencing. 0zz0.com 0zz0 is an online solution to store, send and share files 10050.net China Railcom group web portal. This protocol plug-in classifies the http traffic to the host 10086.cn. It also 10086.cn classifies the ssl traffic to the Common Name 10086.cn. 104.com Web site dedicated to job research. 1111.com.tw Website dedicated to job research in Taiwan. 114la.com Chinese web portal operated by YLMF Computer Technology Co. Chinese cloud storing system of the 115 website. It is operated by YLMF 115.com Computer Technology Co. 118114.cn Chinese booking and reservation portal. 11st.co.kr Korean shopping website 11st. It is operated by SK Planet Co. 1337x.org Bittorrent tracker search engine 139mail 139mail is a chinese webmail powered by China Mobile. 15min.lt Lithuanian news portal Chinese web portal 163. It is operated by NetEase, a company which 163.com pioneered the development of Internet in China. 17173.com Website distributing Chinese games. 17u.com Chinese online travel booking website. 20 minutes is a free, daily newspaper available in France, Spain and 20minutes Switzerland. This plugin classifies websites. 24h.com.vn Vietnamese news portal 24ora.com Aruban news portal 24sata.hr Croatian news portal 24SevenOffice 24SevenOffice is a web-based Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. 24ur.com Slovenian news portal 2ch.net Japanese adult videos web site 2Shared 2shared is an online space for sharing and storage. -
Peer-To-Peer Software and Use of NRC Computers to Process SUNSI Frequently Asked Questions
Peer-to-Peer Software and Use of NRC Computers to Process SUNSI Frequently Asked Questions 1. What is peer-to-peer software? Peer-to-peer, or P2P, file-sharing systems provide users with the ability to share files on their computers with other people through the Internet. The most popular P2P software is free and is used to share music, movies, and games, and for Instant Messaging. 2. Why is P2P a problem? P2P software provides the capability for users to access files on other users’ computers beyond those intended for sharing (i.e., music). For example, if you have P2P software on your computer and you also do your own tax preparation on your computer and store a copy of the tax return on your hard drive, other people anywhere in the world may be able to access the files containing your tax return. 3. Have sensitive government files been obtained through the use of P2P? Yes. There are documented incidents where P2P software was used to obtain sensitive government information when peer-to-peer software was installed on a government or home computer. 4. Is someone obtaining sensitive information the only threat? No. P2P can also make it easier for computer viruses and other malicious software to be installed on your computer without your knowledge. 5. Have other Federal agencies adopted similar policies? Yes, other Federal agencies have adopted similar policies. The Office of Management and Budget wrote the requirements for government-wide adoption in 2004. Additionally, due to the increased awareness of the P2P threat that has arisen since 2004, DOT, DHS, DOE, DOD, and other agencies have issued specific P2P policies. -
Download Legal Document
Nos. 04-277 and 04-281 IN THE Supreme Court of the United States NATIONAL CABLE &d TELECOMMUNICATIONS ASSOCIATION, ET AL., Petitioners, —v.— BRAND X INTERNET SERVICES, ET AL., Respondents. (Caption continued on inside cover) ON WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT BRIEF AMICUS CURIAE OF THE AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES UNION AND THE BRENNAN CENTER FOR JUSTICE AT NYU SCHOOL OF LAW IN SUPPORT OF RESPONDENTS JENNIFER STISA GRANICK STEVEN R. SHAPIRO STANFORD LAW SCHOOL Counsel of Record CENTER FOR INTERNET CHRISTOPHER A. HANSEN AND SOCIETY BARRY STEINHARDT CYBER LAW CLINIC AMERICAN CIVIL LIBERTIES 559 Nathan Abbott Way UNION FOUNDATION Stanford, California 94305 125 Broad Street (650) 724-0014 New York, New York 10004 (212) 549-2500 Attorneys for Amici (Counsel continued on inside cover) FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION and THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Petitioners, —v.— BRAND X INTERNET SERVICES, ET AL., Respondents. MARJORIE HEINS ADAM H. MORSE BRENNAN CENTER FOR JUSTICE AT NYU SCHOOL OF LAW 161 Avenue of the Americas 12th Floor New York, New York 10013 (212) 998-6730 Attorneys for Amici TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTEREST OF AMICI ...................................................................1 STATEMENT OF THE CASE.......................................................1 SUMMARY OF ARGUMENT ......................................................3 ARGUMENT...................................................................................5 I. The FCC is Obligated to Promote Free Speech and Privacy When Classifying and Regulating Cable Internet Service........................5 II. The FCC Ruling Allows Cable Providers to Leverage Market Dominance Over the Provision of an Internet Pipeline into Control of the Market for Internet Services.........................................................................8 III Cable Broadband is the Only Internet Service Option for Many Citizens...............................13 IV. -
Modern Networking
NOTE: Chapters 1 and 4 is available 1 1 ELEMENTS OF MODERN NETWORKING Unit Structure: 1.1 Objectives 1.2 The Networking Ecosystem 1.3 Example Network Architectures 1.3.1 A Global Network Architecture 1.3.2 A Typical Network Hierarchy 1.4 Ethernet 1.4.1 Applications of Ethernet 1.4.2 Standards 1.4.3 Ethernet Data Rates 1.5 Wi-Fi 1.5.1 Applications of Wi-Fi 1.5.2 Standards 1.5.3 Wi-Fi Data Rates 1.6 4G/5G Cellular 1.6.1 First Generation 1.6.2 Second Generation 1.6.3 Third Generation 1.6.4 Fourth Generation 1.6.5 Fifth Generation 1.7 Cloud Computing 1.7.1 Cloud Computing Concepts 1.7.2 The Benefits of Cloud Computing 1.7.3 Cloud Networking 1.7.4 Cloud Storage 1.8 Internet of Things 1.8.1 Things on the Internet of Things 1.8.2 Evolution 1.8.3 Layers of the Internet of Things 1.9 Network Convergence 1.10 Unified Communications 1.11 Summary 1.12 Review Question Modern Networking: Unedited Version pg. 1 2 1.13 References 1.1 OBJECTIVES After studying this chapter, you should be able to: • Explain the key elements and their relationships of a modern networking ecosystem, including end users, network providers, application providers and application service providers. • Discuss the motivation for the typical network hierarchy of access networks, distribution networks, and core networks. • Present an overview of Ethernet, including a discussion of its application areas and common data rates. -
A Hedonic Model for Internet Access Service in the Consumer Price Index
Hedonic Model for Internet Access A hedonic model for Internet access service in the Consumer Price Index A hedonic model is presented for use in making direct quality adjustments to prices for Internet access service collected for the Consumer Price Index; the Box-Cox methodology for functional form selection improves the specification of the model Brendan Williams he practice of making hedonic-based The Internet access industry price adjustments to remove the ef- fects of quality changes in goods and The first commercial services allowing users services that enter into the calculation of the to access content with their personal comput- T CPI) U.S. Consumer Price Index ( has to date ers by connecting to interhousehold networks focused primarily on indexes for consumer appeared in 1979 with the debut of Com- electronics, appliances, housing, and apparel. puServe and The Source, an online service In an effort to expand the use of hedonic ad- provider bought by Reader’s Digest soon after justments to a service-oriented area of the CPI, the service was launched. The same year also this article investigates the development and marked the beginning of Usenet, a newsgroup application of a hedonic regression model for and messaging network. Early online services making direct price adjustments for quality proliferated during the 1980s, and each al- change in the index for Internet access servic- lowed users to access a limited network, but es (known as “Internet services and electronic not the Internet. information providers,” item index SEEE03). The U.S. Government’s ARPANET is com- The analysis presented builds on past research monly cited as the beginning of what we in hedonics and makes use of a Box-Cox re- now know as the Internet. -
Asynchronous Covert Communication Using Bittorrent Trackers Mathieu Cunche, Mohamed Ali Kaafar, Roksana Boreli
Asynchronous Covert Communication Using BitTorrent Trackers Mathieu Cunche, Mohamed Ali Kaafar, Roksana Boreli To cite this version: Mathieu Cunche, Mohamed Ali Kaafar, Roksana Boreli. Asynchronous Covert Communication Using BitTorrent Trackers. International Symposium on Cyberspace Safety and Security (CSS), Aug 2014, Paris, France. hal-01053147 HAL Id: hal-01053147 https://hal.inria.fr/hal-01053147 Submitted on 29 Jul 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Asynchronous Covert Communication Using BitTorrent Trackers Mathieu Cunche∗†, Mohamed-Ali Kaafar†‡, Roksana Boreli‡ †Inria, France ∗INSA-Lyon CITI, France ‡National ICT Australia fi[email protected] fi[email protected] Abstract—Covert channels enable communicating parties to in a swarm (set of peers downloading and/or sharing a given exchange messages without being detected by an external ob- content). Our contributions are as follows. server. We propose a novel covert channel mechanism based We present a communication scheme that enables two on BitTorrent trackers. The proposed mechanism uses common HTTP commands, thus having the appearance of genuine web parties to perform a hidden exchange of information through traffic and consists of communications that are both indirect and the centralized BitTorrent tracker. -
What Will Historians' Verdict Be 50 Years from Now About the Impact Of
FOR RELEASE OCTOBER 29, 2019 What Will Historians’ Verdict be 50 Years from Now About the Impact of the Internet on People’s Lives Today? Experts expect that by 2069 today’s period of human-tech evolution could come to be seen as a risks-ridden time that eventually led to a grand redefinition of civilization or it could be seen as a ‘wasted opportunity’ that simply ‘updated and replicated legacy colonial hierarchies’ By Janna Anderson Executive director, Elon University’s Imagining the Internet Center FOR MEDIA OR OTHER INQUIRIES: Owen Covington, News Bureau Director, Elon University 336.278.7413 www.elon.edu RECOMMENDED CITATION Elon University’s Imagining the Internet Center, October 29, 2019, “2069 Historians’ Verdict of Internet Impact 2019” About the Imagining the Internet Center Elon University’s Imagining the Internet Center explores and provides insights into emerging network innovations, global development, dynamics, diffusion and governance. Its research holds a mirror to humanity’s use of communications technologies, informs policy development, exposes potential futures and provides a historic record. It works to illuminate issues in order to serve the greater good, making its work public, free and open. The Imagining the Internet Center sponsors work that brings people together to share their visions for the future of communications and the future of the world. What will historians’ verdict be 50 years from now about the impact of the internet on people’s lives today? Experts expect that by 2069 today’s period of human-tech -
Henning Schulzrinne Julian Clarence Levi Professor Work Phone: +1 212
Henning Schulzrinne Julian Clarence Levi Professor work phone: +1 212 939 7042 Dept. of Computer Science fax: +1 212 666 0140 Columbia University email: [email protected] New York, NY 10027 WWW: http://www.cs.columbia.edu/˜hgs USA SIP: sip:[email protected] INTERESTS Internet multimedia, policy, services, architecture, computer networks and performance evaluation. Telecommunication policy; Internet telephony, collaboration and media-on- demand; Internet of things; emergency services; signaling and session control; mobile ap- plications; ubiquitous and pervasive computing; network measurements; quality of service; Internet protocols and services; congestion control and adaptive multimedia services; im- plementations of multi-media and real-time networks; operating system support for high- bandwidth services with real-time constraints; performance analysis of computer networks and systems. WORK EXPERIENCE Technology Fellow, Senator Ron Wyden (U.S. Senate), September 2019–August 2020. Chief Technology Officer, Federal Communications Commission (FCC), January 2017– August 2017. Senior Advisor for Technology, Federal Communications Commission (FCC), September 2016–December 2016. Technology Advisor, Federal Communications Commission (FCC), September 2014–August 2016. Chief Technology Officer, Federal Communications Commission (FCC), January 2012– August 2014. Engineering Fellow, Federal Communications Commission (FCC), Sept. 2010–May 2011. Professor (tenured), Dept. of Computer Science and Dept. of Electrical Engineering (joint appointment), Columbia University. August 1996–. Department vice chair, 2002– 2003; Department chair, 2004–2009. Researcher, GMD Fokus1, Berlin, Germany. March 1994 - July 1996. Multimedia sys- tems, ATM performance issues. Deputy department head; project leader TOMQAT, Multicube, MMTng. Lecturer at Technical University Berlin. Consultant, 1994-1996: design and implementation of an Internet packet audio tool for a WWW-based “Virtual Places” shared environment (Ubique, Israel). -
A Study of Peer-To-Peer Systems
A Study of Peer-to-Peer Systems JIA, Lu A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Philosophy in Information Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong August 2009 Abstract of thesis entitled: A Study of Peer-to-Peer Systems Submitted by JIA, Lu for the degree of Master of Philosophy at The Chinese University of Hong Kong in June 2009 Peer-to-peer (P2P) systems have evolved rapidly and become immensely popular in Internet. Users in P2P systems can share resources with each other and in this way the server loading is reduced. P2P systems' good performance and scalability attract a lot of interest in the research community as well as in industry. Yet, P2P systems are very complicated systems. Building a P2P system requires carefully and repeatedly thinking and ex- amining architectural design issues. Instead of setting foot in all aspects of designing a P2P system, this thesis focuses on two things: analyzing reliability and performance of different tracker designs and studying a large-scale P2P file sharing system, Xun- lei. The "tracker" of a P2P system is used to lookup which peers hold (or partially hold) a given object. There are various designs for the tracker function, from a single-server tracker, to DHT- based (distributed hash table) serverless systems. In the first part of this thesis, we classify the different tracker designs, dis- cuss the different considerations for these designs, and provide simple models to evaluate the reliability of these designs. Xunlei is a new proprietary P2P file sharing protocol that has become very popular in China. -
Quality of Service Regulation Manual Quality of Service Regulation
REGULATORY & MARKET ENVIRONMENT International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Development Bureau Place des Nations CH-1211 Geneva 20 Quality of Service Switzerland REGULATION MANUAL www.itu.int Manual ISBN 978-92-61-25781-1 9 789261 257811 Printed in Switzerland Geneva, 2017 Telecommunication Development Sector QUALITY OF SERVICE REGULATION MANUAL QUALITY OF SERVICE REGULATION Quality of service regulation manual 2017 Acknowledgements The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) manual on quality of service regulation was prepared by ITU expert Dr Toni Janevski and supported by work carried out by Dr Milan Jankovic, building on ef- forts undertaken by them and Mr Scott Markus when developing the ITU Academy Regulatory Module for the Quality of Service Training Programme (QoSTP), as well as the work of ITU-T Study Group 12 on performance QoS and QoE. ITU would also like to thank the Chairman of ITU-T Study Group 12, Mr Kwame Baah-Acheamfour, Mr Joachim Pomy, SG12 Rapporteur, Mr Al Morton, SG12 Vice-Chairman, and Mr Martin Adolph, ITU-T SG12 Advisor. This work was carried out under the direction of the Telecommunication Development Bureau (BDT) Regulatory and Market Environment Division. ISBN 978-92-61-25781-1 (paper version) 978-92-61-25791-0 (electronic version) 978-92-61-25801-6 (EPUB version) 978-92-61-25811-5 (Mobi version) Please consider the environment before printing this report. © ITU 2017 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Foreword I am pleased to present the Manual on Quality of Service (QoS) Regulation pub- lished to serve as a reference and guiding tool for regulators and policy makers in dealing with QoS and Quality of Experience (QoE) matters in the ICT sector. -
Bittorrent, Inc., ) DOCKET NO
142 3020 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION COMMISSIONERS: Edith Ramirez, Chairwoman Julie Brill Maureen K. Ohlhausen Joshua D. Wright Terrell McSweeny ____________________________________ ) In the Matter of ) ) BitTorrent, Inc., ) DOCKET NO. C-4464 a corporation. ) ) ___________________________________ ) COMPLAINT The Federal Trade Commission, having reason to believe that the BitTorrent, Inc., a corporation, has violated the Federal Trade Commission Act (“FTC Act”), and it appearing to the Commission that this proceeding is in the public interest, alleges: 1. Respondent BitTorrent, Inc. (“BitTorrent”) is a California corporation, with its principal office or place of business at 303 2nd Street, Suite S600, San Francisco, CA 94107. 2. Respondent is the developer of a popular peer-to-peer file-sharing system used to exchange software, music, movies, digital books, and other large files online. 3. The acts and practices of respondent as alleged in this complaint have been in or affecting commerce, as “commerce” is defined in Section 4 of the FTC Act. 4. Respondent has set forth on its website, www.bittorrent.com, privacy policies and statements about its practices, including statements related to its participation in the Safe Harbor privacy framework agreed upon by the U.S. and the European Union (“U.S.-EU Safe Harbor Framework”). The Framework 5. The U.S.-EU Safe Harbor Framework provides a method for U.S. companies to transfer personal data outside of Europe that is consistent with the requirements of the European Union Directive on Data Protection (“Directive”). Enacted in 1995, the Directive sets forth European Union (“EU”) requirements for privacy and the protection of personal data.