Asynchronous Covert Communication Using Bittorrent Trackers Mathieu Cunche, Mohamed Ali Kaafar, Roksana Boreli
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Analysis of Bittorrent Protocol and Its Effect on the Network ENSC 427: Final Project Report Spring 2011
SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Analysis of BitTorrent Protocol and Its Effect on the Network ENSC 427: Final Project Report Spring 2011 Group 11 www.sfu.ca/~kna5/ensc427 Ken Kyoungwoo Nam 301046747 Kna5 @sfu.ca Yu Jie Xu 301083552 Xya14 @ sfu.ca Abstract The first version of the peer-to-peer file sharing protocol was invented in 1999, called Napster protocol. From then on, the application of peer-to-peer protocol has been widely spread in the internet. The advantage of the network with p2p protocol is that it needs much less server bandwidth compare to the basic client and server network. Moreover, in the p2p network, the client itself is the server, so they can communicate with each other without the central sever. Nowadays, there are two primary peer-to-peer file sharing protocol that dominate in the network: the Gnutella protocol and BitTorrent Protocol. In our project, we will focus on BitTorrent Protocol. To do this, we will create three different networks in OPNET, and investigate the network performance with and without BitTorrent nodes. 2 Table of contents 1. Introduction…………..……………………………………………………………......4 2. Theory……………...………………………………………………………………......4 2.1 Terminology and Definition…………………………………………………......5 2.2 Peer-to-Peer Protocol…………………………………………………………….5 2.3 BitTorrent Protocol………………………………………………………………6 2.4 BitTorrent Tracker………………………………………………………………7 2.5 Rarest Algorithm…………………………………………………………………8 2.6 Choke Algorithm…………………………………………………………………9 3. Implementation…...…………………………………………………………..……...10 3.1 Packet Formats………………………………………………………………….11 3.2 Normal Client and Server Node Models………………………………………11 3.3 Plain Peer-to-Peer Node Model……………………………………..…………12 3.4 BitTorrent Node Model……………………………………………………...…13 3.5 Building the Small Network……………………………………………………14 3.6 Building the Large Network…………………………………………………...15 4. -
A Study of Peer-To-Peer Systems
A Study of Peer-to-Peer Systems JIA, Lu A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Philosophy in Information Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong August 2009 Abstract of thesis entitled: A Study of Peer-to-Peer Systems Submitted by JIA, Lu for the degree of Master of Philosophy at The Chinese University of Hong Kong in June 2009 Peer-to-peer (P2P) systems have evolved rapidly and become immensely popular in Internet. Users in P2P systems can share resources with each other and in this way the server loading is reduced. P2P systems' good performance and scalability attract a lot of interest in the research community as well as in industry. Yet, P2P systems are very complicated systems. Building a P2P system requires carefully and repeatedly thinking and ex- amining architectural design issues. Instead of setting foot in all aspects of designing a P2P system, this thesis focuses on two things: analyzing reliability and performance of different tracker designs and studying a large-scale P2P file sharing system, Xun- lei. The "tracker" of a P2P system is used to lookup which peers hold (or partially hold) a given object. There are various designs for the tracker function, from a single-server tracker, to DHT- based (distributed hash table) serverless systems. In the first part of this thesis, we classify the different tracker designs, dis- cuss the different considerations for these designs, and provide simple models to evaluate the reliability of these designs. Xunlei is a new proprietary P2P file sharing protocol that has become very popular in China. -
Predicting Software Piracy Rates, Bittorrent Tracker Hosting, and P2P File Sharing Client Downloads Between Countries
Kigerl - Infringing Nations: Predicting Software Piracy Rates, BitTorrent Tracker Hosting, and P2P File Sharing Client Downloads Between Countries Copyright © 2013 International Journal of Cyber Criminology (IJCC) ISSN: 0974 – 2891 January – June 2013, Vol 7 (1): 62–80 This is an Open Access paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non- Commercial-Share Alike License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This license does not permit commercial exploitation or the creation of derivative works without specific permission. Infringing Nations: Predicting Software Piracy Rates, BitTorrent Tracker Hosting, and P2P File Sharing Client Downloads Between Countries Alex C. Kigerl1 Washington State University, United States of America Abstract This study sought to investigate the predictors of digital piracy at the national level. The bulk of previous research on this subject has relied almost exclusively on measures of piracy taken from reports created by copyright industry representatives, which may not be objective sources. For this research, two new measures of piracy related activity in addition to the usual software piracy rate and software piracy cost measures were used. The number of BitTorrent tracking servers and the number of peer- to-peer file sharing client downloads per country were measured. It was determined that these new measures tended to have predictors that were different than the standard software piracy rates. Additionally, it appeared that measuring piracy as a rate relative to legal purchases had the opposite effect than when measuring piracy in absolute terms (such as the absolute number of BitTorrent trackers and absolute dollar amount lost due to piracy). -
Torrent Crawler: a Tool for Collecting Information from Bittorrent Networks
Torrent Crawler: a tool for collecting information from BitTorrent networks Yeounoh Chung 1. Abstract structure and the unpredictability of the clients can cause problems in the network, making errors BitTorrent is a free peer-to-peer (P2P) difficult to detect and diagnosis. The reliance of a content-sharing application with a complex and node on node local views to maintain the overlay dynamic overlay structure due to loose coupling, high structure further compounds the problem. Defects or churn rate, and varying responsiveness of nodes. The anomalies such as partitioning in the overlay or load complexity and the dynamic nature of the overlay imbalance due to biased peer selection are structure can mask the problems in the network, undetectable without partial global information and a making errors difficult to detect and diagnosis in a good understanding of the various characteristics and timely manner. Furthermore, the heavy reliance of dynamic behaviors of the network. However, such an clients on the node local views compounds the understanding was often times missing or incorrectly problems such as partitioning in the network or load obtained from non-representative measurement imbalance due to biased peer selection. studies, in which a few instrumented clients were In an effort to provide the network with used to capture the desired properties. partial global information to resolve the network Collecting representative global information problems, this project looks into introducing a tool such as peer’s download rate, known neighboring that efficiently collects global information from peers, and the network’s churn rate, from the BitTorrent network. The tool, called Torrent Crawler complex and dynamic BitTorrent network is not (TC) uses a number of techniques to efficiently find simple. -
Niv Sardi-Altivanik Floss Arquitect
NIV SARDI-ALTIVANIK FLOSS ARQUITECT LINKEDIN TWITTER GITHUB https://www.linkedin.com @xaiki https://github.com/xaiki /in/xaiki/ EMAIL TELEFONO [email protected] +54 911 5596 6800 Formed as a Mathematician I’ve been working as a Free Software Developer for the last 15 years, following a path that brought me deep technical knowledge, precise leading skills and a proven experience in the world of politics. Passionate and details-conscious, I am excited to foster the very best of technology and human capacity into tools we need to steer the world into a more liveable place. EDUCATION SKILLS UNIVERSITÉ DENIS DIDEROT PARIS VII PARIS HUMAN LANGUAGES 2004_2007 owning the diplomatariat Spanish ★★★ Maths and Computer Science Masters 2007 lengua materna Université Denis Diderot: Maitrise de Mathematiques et d’Informatique Project : MiniOCaML interpreter (CaML) ★★★ Research: Big Social Networks Topology — using Graph Theory to French lengua paterna analyze online comunities (Perl & C) 2005 Maths and Computer Science Bachelor English ★★★ Université Denis Diderot: Licence de Mathematiques et d’informatique 2 años de vida en Australia Project: Su�x Arrays, Algorithms, Analysis and Implementation (C) Portuguese ★★☆ lived and worked 9 months in Brazil LATEST WORK EXPERIENCE PRESIDENCIA DE LA NACION: TECHNOLOGY ARCHITECT MANAGEMENT 2019 BUENOSAIRES I took part of the intervention of a sector of the Presidencial o�ce. My role was to ensure a smooth operation of the IT infrastructure SCRUM/Agile ★★★ during the intervention, and to sta� and direct 3 National Directors roles. The intervention went on with 99% availability, we’ve set up plans that are currently beeing executed to reduce cost and enhance reliability of all Arquitecture ★★★ services and software platforms. -
A Week in the Life of the Most Popular Bittorrent Swarms
A Week in the Life of the Most Popular BitTorrent Swarms Mark Scanlon, Alan Hannaway and Mohand-Tahar Kechadi 1 UCD Centre for Cybercrime Investigation, School of Computer Science & Informatics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland {mark.scanlon, alan.hannaway, tahar.kechadi}@ucd.ie AbstractThe popularity of peer-to-peer (P2P) file distribution is c material, which typically commences with a single source sharing large sized files to many downloaders. networks lend themselves well to the unauthorised distribution of To commence the download of the content in a particular copyrighted material due to their ease of use, the abundance of - material available and the apparent anonymity awarded to the downloaders. This paper presents the results of an investigation loaded from an indexing website. This file is then opened conducted on the top 100 most popular BitTorrent swarms over using a BitTorrent client, which proceeds to connect to several the course of one week. The purpose of this investigation is to members of the swarm and download the content. Each quantify the scale of unauthorised distribution of copyrighted BitTorrent swarm is built around a particular piece of content material through the use of the BitTorrent protocol. Each IP which is determined through a unique identifier based on a address, which was discovered over the period of the weeklong SHA-1 hash of the file information contained in this UTF- 8 investigation, is mapped through the use of a geolocation encoded metadata file, e.g., name, piece length, piece hash database, which results in the ability to determine where the values, length and path. -
Covert Channel in the Bittorrent Tracker Protocol Joseph Desimone Rochester Institute of Technology
Rochester Institute of Technology RIT Scholar Works Presentations and other scholarship Faculty & Staff choS larship 7-2012 Covert Channel in the BitTorrent Tracker Protocol Joseph Desimone Rochester Institute of Technology Daryl Johnson Rochester Institute of Technology Bo Yuan Rochester Institute of Technology Peter Lutz Rochester Institute of Technology Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.rit.edu/other Recommended Citation Desimone J., Johnson D., Yuan B., and Lutz P. Covert Channel in the BitTorrent Tracker Protocol. In SAM'12 - The 2012 nI ternational Conference on Security and Management (Las Vegas, NV, USA, July 2012). This Conference Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty & Staff choS larship at RIT Scholar Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Presentations and other scholarship by an authorized administrator of RIT Scholar Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Covert Channel in the BitTorrent Tracker Protocol Joseph Desimone, Daryl Johnson, Bo Yuan, Peter Lutz B. Thomas Golisano College of Computing & Information Sciences Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester NY {jwd1063, daryl.johnson, bo.yuan, peter.lutz}@rit.edu Abstract— Covert channels have the unique quality of masking single point of failure for the botnet and they are more easily evidence that a communication has ever occurred between two dismantled. As a result, malware writers have tried to devise parties. For spies and terrorist cells, this quality can be the better ways to control their army of compromised machines. difference between life and death. However, even the detection Command and control over HTTP or HTTPS is common of communications in a botnet could be troublesome for its nowadays due to the prevalence of these protocols on the creators. -
Computer Networking: a Top-Down Approach, 7Th Edition
Computer Networking A Top-Down Approach Seventh Edition James F. Kurose University of Massachusetts, Amherst Keith W. Ross NYU and NYU Shanghai Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Hoboken Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montréal Toronto Delhi Mexico City São Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Vice President, Editorial Director, ECS: Marcia Horton Acquisitions Editor: Matt Goldstein Editorial Assistant: Kristy Alaura Vice President of Marketing: Christy Lesko Director of Field Marketing: Tim Galligan Product Marketing Manager: Bram Van Kempen Field Marketing Manager: Demetrius Hall Marketing Assistant: Jon Bryant Director of Product Management: Erin Gregg Team Lead, Program and Project Management: Scott Disanno Program Manager: Joanne Manning and Carole Snyder Project Manager: Katrina Ostler, Ostler Editorial, Inc. Senior Specialist, Program Planning and Support: Maura Zaldivar-Garcia Cover Designer: Joyce Wells Manager, Rights and Permissions: Ben Ferrini Project Manager, Rights and Permissions: Jenny Hoffman, Aptara Corporation Inventory Manager: Ann Lam Cover Image: Marc Gutierrez/Getty Images Media Project Manager: Steve Wright Composition: Cenveo Publishing Services Printer/Binder: Edwards Brothers Malloy Cover and Insert Printer: Phoenix Color/ Hagerstown Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on appropriate page within text. Copyright © 2017, 2013, 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permissions, request forms and the appropriate contacts within the Pearson Education Global Rights & Permissions Department, please visit www.pearsoned.com/permissions/. -
A Torrent of Copyright Infringement? Liability for Bittorrent File-Sharers and File-Sharing Facilitators Under Current and Proposed Canadian Copyright Law
A Torrent of Copyright Infringement? Liability for BitTorrent File-Sharers and File-Sharing Facilitators Under Current and Proposed Canadian Copyright Law Allen Mendelsohn Faculty of Law McGill University Montreal August 2010 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Laws (LL.M.) © Allen Mendelsohn 2010 ABSTRACT [Le résumé français suit l'anglais.] BitTorrent has become the primary means to share large files (movies, television shows, and music) over the internet. Canadian copyright law and jurisprudence have not kept pace with technology, and as a result there is no definitive pronouncement on the liability for copyright infringement of BitTorrent file- sharers, i.e. users, and file-sharing facilitators, i.e. Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and torrent search engines. Extrapolating from existing law and Canadian and foreign jurisprudence, I conclude that: (i) BitTorrent file-sharers are liable although there may be situations where fair dealing could apply; (ii) it may be possible to show ISPs are liable based on certain findings of fact; and (iii) torrent search engines should not be liable for infringement. There have been three successive attempts to reform copyright law that have addressed internet issues generally and file-sharing in particular. Under the most recent attempt, Bill C-32, file-sharers would be liable under the new ―making available‖ right, and file- sharing facilitators could be liable under the new ―enabling‖ concept of secondary infringement introduced with the bill. RÉSUMÉ BitTorrent est devenu le principal moyen de partager des fichiers volumineux (films, émissions de télévision et musique) sur Internet. -
Implementation of a Bittorrent Client in Go
NATIONAL AND KAPODISTRIAN UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS SCHOOL OF SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATICS AND TELECOMMUNICATION BSc THESIS Implementation of a BitTorrent client in Go Loukas E. Litsos SUPERVISOR: Mema Roussopoulos, Assistant Professor NKUA ATHENS MARCH 2020 ΕΘΝΙΚΟ ΚΑΙ ΚΑΠΟΔΙΣΤΡΙΑΚΟ ΠΑΝΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΙΟ ΑΘΗΝΩΝ ΣΧΟΛΗ ΘΕΤΙΚΩΝ ΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΩΝ ΤΜΗΜΑ ΠΛΗΡΟΦΟΡΙΚΗΣ ΚΑΙ ΤΗΛΕΠΙΚΟΙΝΩΝΙΩΝ ΠΤΥΧΙΑΚΗ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ Υλοποίηση BitTorrent προγράμματος-πελάτη στην Go Λουκάς Η. Λίτσος Επιβλέπουσα: Μέμα Ρουσσοπούλου, Αναπληρώτρια Καθηγήτρια ΕΚΠΑ ΑΘΗΝΑ ΜΑΡΤΙΟΣ 2020 BSc THESIS Implementation of a BitTorrent client in Go Loukas E. Litsos S.N.: 1115201500082 SUPERVISOR: Mema Roussopoulos, Assistant Professor NKUA ΠΤΥΧΙΑΚΗ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ Υλοποίηση BitTorrent προγράμματος-πελάτη στην Go Λουκάς Η. Λίτσος A.M: 1115201500082 Επιβλέπουσα: Μέμα Ρουσσοπούλου, Αναπληρώτρια Καθηγήτρια ΕΚΠΑ ABSTRACT Currently software using peer-to-peer networking solutions has become increasingly popular. Compared to the more common server-client solution, a peer-to-peer approach has several advantages including decentralization, increased robustness and resource providing, such as bandwidth, storage space and computing power, by peers. One area where robustness and utilization of resources are important is file distribution, especially of large files. In the past, many protocols for file sharing have been presented but the one that is currently the most widespread is BitTorrent. The protocol aims for decentralization and simplicity and these were some of the keys of its success. Because of its simplicity, a lot of developers have implemented BitTorrent clients or libraries. Most of the implementations, like the initial one, follow the event-driven programming paradigm. That allows developers not to deal with the synchronization of processes and data like in multi-threaded applications because usually, parallelism is deferred in I/O operations. -
Design and Implementation of a Bittorrent Tracker Overlay for Swarm Unification
ICNS 2011 : The Seventh International Conference on Networking and Services Design and Implementation of a BitTorrent Tracker Overlay for Swarm Unification Calin-Andrei˘ Burloiu, Razvan˘ Deaconescu, Nicolae T, apus˘ , Automatic Control and Computers Faculty Politehnica University of Bucharest Emails: [email protected],frazvan.deaconescu,[email protected] Abstract—The deployment of the BitTorrent protocol in the slots, geolocation and general behavior (aggressiveness, entry– early 2000s has meant a significant shift in Peer-to-Peer tech- exit time interval, churn rate). nologies. Currently the most heavily used protocol in the Internet The context in which a BitTorrent content distribution core, the BitTorrent protocol has sparked numerous implementa- tions, commercial entities and research interest. In this paper, we session takes place is defined by a BitTorrent swarm which is present a mechanism that allows integration of disparate swarms the peer ensemble that participate in sharing a given file. It is that share the same content. We’ve designed and implemented a characterized by the number of peers, number of seeders, file novel inter-tracker protocol, dubbed TSUP, that allows trackers size, peers’ upload/download speed. swarm, one that allows to share peer information, distribute it to clients and enable rapid content distribution to peers, is generally defined by a swarm unification. The protocol forms the basis for putting together small swarms into large, healthy ones with reduced good proportion of seeders and stable peers. We define stable performance overhead. Our work achieves its goals to increase peers as peers that are part of the swarm for prolonged periods the number of peers in a swarm and proves that the TSUP of time. -
Track How Many Downloads a Torrent Has Gotten Open and Working Torrent Tracker List for 2020 – Increase Your Download Speeds
track how many downloads a torrent has gotten Open and working torrent tracker list for 2020 – Increase your download speeds. Another year, another torrent tracker list on my website. In this article, you will once again find the a fresh list of open trackers that are fully working. The general advantage of (manually) adding torrent trackers to your downloads is increase the download speed, because you are potentially connected to more seeds and peers. What is a torrent tracker? A torrent tracker is actually some kind of server. That server is connected to the internet and keeps track of which persons are currently ‘connected’ to a given torrent file: the seeds and the peers. Both a seed and a peer will help you – potentially – gain a higher download speed. Here is a brief explanation of the difference between both: The peers: the people who have not yet have all the full files, so they are both downloading the file(s) and uploading to other peers. The BitTorrent protocol is not for nothing called a ‘P2P’ (Peer to Peer°) communication protocol. The seeds: the seeds already have all the files fully available and are no longer downloading. The main task of the seed is to upload to the peers. A torrent tracker helps you discover these peers and seeds. What are the benefits of adding more torrent trackers? So given a torrent tracker keeps track of who is uploading and downloading that particular torrent, it can be interesting for you to be connected to a whole bunch of torrent trackers. Because more torrent trackers may give you a wider audience of peers and seeds who can upload the file(s) to you: and this will give you a speed advantage compared to when you are connected to a low number of peers/seed.