Social Dynamics of Catalan-Spanish Contact in the Evolution of Catalonian Spanish

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Social Dynamics of Catalan-Spanish Contact in the Evolution of Catalonian Spanish SOCIAL DYNAMICS OF CATALAN-SPANISH CONTACT IN THE EVOLUTION OF CATALONIAN SPANISH BY JUSTIN DAVIDSON DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Spanish with a concentration in Romance Linguistics and a concentration in Second Language Acquisition and Teacher Education in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2015 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor Anna María Escobar, Chair Professor José Ignacio Hualde Associate Professor Zsuzsanna Fagyal Associate Professor Erik Willis, Indiana University Assistant Professor Joseph Roy Abstract The research objectives of this dissertation are: (1) to empirically investigate the origin behind two (contact) features of Catalonian Spanish, [ɫ] and [z], inquiring the role of specific linguistic and social factors as relevant in the process of linguistic influence from Catalan, and (2) to empirically uncover the sociolinguistic profile of each of [ɫ] and [z] in the respective social and linguistic ecologies of the Barcelonan bilingual community. Grounded in a speaker-based theory of language change (cf. Weinreich, Labov, & Herzog 1968) and a comparative sociolinguistics study of language contact (cf. Poplack & Levey 2010), this thesis treats linguistic variation as ‘structured’ heterogeneity (cf. Labov 1982). Qualitative and quantitative measures are used to analyze the variable use of the variants within and across different groups of bilingual speakers, consequently providing insight into the spread and development of these variants within the community. Accordingly, by exploring questions related to the development of language influence in a contact situation, a detailed study of the relevant linguistic and social factors serves to explain the origin and diffusion of contact features, therein speaking to their actuation and propagation (cf. Weinreich et al. 1968). Speech data were elicited from 4 experimental studies designed following phonetics and second language research frameworks, and informed by quantitative and variationist approaches to sociolinguistics: (1) careful pronunciation word-list reading, (2) casual speech informal interview, (3) matched guise [covert attitudes], and (4) debriefing interview [overt attitudes]. Tasks were administered to a group of Barcelonan Catalan-Spanish bilinguals, stratified by age, gender, and language dominance, in addition to a group of Catalan- dominant speakers (stratified by gender and age) from surrounding smaller Catalan-prevalent villages, and lastly a control group of monolingual Spanish speakers from Madrid. Token-by- ii token detailed phonetic analyses of lateral velarization and intervocalic fricative voicing were performed using a combination of manual and automated methods in Praat, along a gradient, non-discrete continuum. Inferential statistics, including chi-square and mixed-effect GLM techniques were performed using R. Results from these statistical analyses provide empirical evidence that [ɫ] and [z] production in Barcelonan Spanish is directly influenced by contact with Catalan. This influence is shown to be manifested both linguistically, in the form of sensitivities to linguistic constraints from Catalan, as well as socially, in the form of more frequent usage with increased exposure to and usage of Catalan (i.e., Catalan-dominant speakers). Additionally, statistical analyses reveal differences between social values and overt awareness regarding [ɫ] and [z], in that the former variant is overtly recognized as a negative stereotype of Catalanized Spanish, particularly by Spanish-dominant bilinguals and monolinguals from Madrid. In contrast, the latter variant lacks overt negative social commentary, being instead covertly and positively associated with closeness to the Catalan speaker (i.e., solidarity) by Catalan-Spanish bilinguals. These divergent social values are argued to account for the more advanced propagation of [z] than [ɫ] amongst bilingual speakers, as characterized by the dissimilar usages of each variant beyond the speech of the most Catalan-dominant bilinguals (and in particular, youth female Spanish-dominant bilinguals). Accordingly, the findings help to emphasize social values linked to particular linguistic features as a driving force in their propagation, and accordingly, in language change. Moreover, they highlight how the path of diffusion of contact features is necessarily mediated by language dominance in the bilingual community. iii Acknowledgments This dissertation and indeed my academic career as a graduate student at UIUC could not have turned out as they did without the support of dear friends, colleagues, and family. I am eager to take this opportunity to give personal thanks to many of the individuals that have helped me achieve my professional and personal goals during these past 11(!!) years at UIUC. Suppose I’ll begin with my doctoral committee. Profesora Escobar - Honestly, it’s hard to know where even to begin. It’s because of your constant mentorship and support that I found my calling in sociolinguistics, language contact, and language variation and change. I don’t think there’s ever been a time when I asked for help and you’ve not been able to guide me. Much of the time you’ve gone well out of your way to work with me and help me develop as a linguist. You generously offered to personally guide me in three (or likely more, it’s hard to remember now, ¿sabes?) independent studies, pushed me to begin attending and presenting at conferences as an M.A. student, helped me navigate departmental politics (in which admittedly I do seem to get involved all too often), coached me on how to handle life alongside grad school, and yet somehow also managed to give me space to grow on my own precisely when I needed it, without me ever needing to ask. I’ve said it many times before, and I’ll say it again - I truly couldn’t have asked for a better advisor. I can’t express how thrilled I was to have the opportunity to contribute to your Festschrift (Kim Potowski - should you ever read this, know that I’m forever indebted to you!), not to simply publish in your honor, but rather quite specifically so that I could leave a permanent record of just how much you’ve influenced me and of my appreciation of my time with you. During these last two years in particular, you’ve treated me more like a colleague than a student, inviting me to join you in research endeavors that have taken me (and will likely take me once more very soon!) across the globe, allowing (y hasta encouraging) me to offer workshops to faculty and iv colleagues in the building, connecting me with researchers at other institutions... en serio, my successes these past years are all grounded in the support I’ve received from you as my advisor. Mil y más gracias for having offered me all the support I could ask for y más aún. Professor Hualde - Doncs a part de tota l’ajuda i les consultes al teu despatx pel que fa a preguntes lingüístiques (sobre gairebé qualsevol tema, que ja és impressionant, de veritat...), penso donar-te les gràcies perquè va ser per tu que vaig poder ensenyar català durant tot un any a UIUC. I couldn’t have ever imagined that I’d come around full circle from taking 401 as an undergraduate sophomore to completely taking over the program as a graduate student. So much has come from my ability to pursue Catalan studies and teaching, which you have facilitated time and time again throughout my years at UIUC: I was able to travel to Japan to present on historical Catalan linguistics, become an exam coordinator/administrator for L’Institut Ramon Llull at UIUC, engage in a dissertation topic I was passionate and able to become increasingly more knowledgeable about... You even helped Daniel and me point out and get credit for a plainly overlooked shortcoming in Pompeu Fabra’s standardization of Catalan orthography, si te’n recordes. (There’s no way to spell [gúʃ] in Catalan - only [gíʃ] as in Manu Guix). Moreover, your insistence on my justification for sociolinguistic methodologies and statistics directly led me to take a more vested interest in the directions in which the field is headed. For all these things and more, t’agraeixo. I hope to be able to offer my future students the breath of knowledge that you consistently offered me during my classes with you these past years. Professor Fagyal - Despite our contact being typically restricted to reading group meetings and the occasional independent study here and there, you have always treated me like one of your advisees. I am so grateful to have been able to learn from you in our LVC meetings - it’s because of you that I’ve become so comfortable with NWAV (and the NWAV community) and sociophonetics with a Labovian twist. I will truly miss being able to learn v from you during our LVC chats, and I thank you for having always put aside time to guide me when I felt lost in Labovian theory. Professor Willis - Despite being a state away throughout my career at UIUC, you’ve always gone out of your way to offer me advice and set me up with opportunities to grow as a scholar. Your interest in my work since Indiana’s HLS really lit the fire under me and gave me the confidence I needed to feel like my work had merit. That alone has helped me tremendously, en serio... I can’t thank you enough for treating me like I had the knowledge of a full professor throughout my grad school experience. I’m excited to continue discussing sociophonetics with you and to keep bouncing ideas off one another as I finally step up to the professorial role. Had I not been so rooted at UIUC, I’d have enjoyed working with you at IU without question. Thank you for treating me like one of your own. Professor Roy - (No disrespect in the slightest, but I can’t help myself to not call you Joe, even here! I nearly did with Erik a paragraph ago, but I feel like we’ve gotten so collegial now that it feels so odd to call you anything else! Thank you, in fact, for treating me like a colleague.
Recommended publications
  • Claiming Independence in 140 Characters. Uses of Metaphor in the Construction of Scottish and Catalan Political Discourses on Twitter
    CLAIMING INDEPENDENCE IN 140 CHARACTERS. USES OF METAPHOR IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SCOTTISH AND CATALAN POLITICAL DISCOURSES ON TWITTER Carlota Maria Moragas Fernández ADVERTIMENT. L'accés als continguts d'aquesta tesi doctoral i la seva utilització ha de respectar els drets de la persona autora. Pot ser utilitzada per a consulta o estudi personal, així com en activitats o materials d'investigació i docència en els termes establerts a l'art. 32 del Text Refós de la Llei de Propietat Intel·lectual (RDL 1/1996). Per altres utilitzacions es requereix l'autorització prèvia i expressa de la persona autora. En qualsevol cas, en la utilització dels seus continguts caldrà indicar de forma clara el nom i cognoms de la persona autora i el títol de la tesi doctoral. No s'autoritza la seva reproducció o altres formes d'explotació efectuades amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva comunicació pública des d'un lloc aliè al servei TDX. Tampoc s'autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant als continguts de la tesi com als seus resums i índexs. ADVERTENCIA. El acceso a los contenidos de esta tesis doctoral y su utilización debe respetar los derechos de la persona autora. Puede ser utilizada para consulta o estudio personal, así como en actividades o materiales de investigación y docencia en los términos establecidos en el art. 32 del Texto Refundido de la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual (RDL 1/1996). Para otros usos se requiere la autorización previa y expresa de la persona autora.
    [Show full text]
  • El Tratamiento En La Prensa Del Movimiento Independentista En Cataluña Alonso Muñoz
    ! ! sphera.ucam.edu ISSN: 1576-4192 ! Número 14 ! Vol. II ! Año 2014 ! pp. 104-126 ! !"#$%&$&'()*$+#)*#"&#,%)*-&#.)"#'+/('()*$+#(*.),)*.)*$(-$&#)*# !"#"$%&"! ! Laura Alonso Muñoz, Universidad Jaume I de Castelló [email protected] ! Recibido: 31/10/2014 ! Aceptado: 15/12/2014 ! Publicado: 30/12/2014 ! "#$%!&'()*!+,(+!)*(-&./%0!!"#$%#& '()#*+& ,-& ./0123-& 4"& 5675789:$5#& :$& "7& ;6:$%7& <:"& 8#=989:$5#& 9$<:;:$<:$59%57&:$&>757"()7-&!"#$%&'()*+,-&.'/.'.123+&102?1/@& & Resumen En este artículo se analiza el tratamiento que hizo la prensa de referencia, tanto de ámbito catalán como de ámbito estatal, sobre el movimiento independentista en Cataluña en sus noticias. Se trata de un tema reciente que ha suscitado el debate político en España y, por lo tanto, poco estudiado hasta el momento. Esto justifica el alto grado de novedad de esta investigación. En este sentido, el objetivo principal es conocer la evolución del enfoque periodístico otorgado a diversos ítems considerados de especial relevancia en este tema. Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo un análisis del discurso. Se han estudiado dos periodos temporales de especial relevancia para este proceso, la celebración de la Diada de 2012 y el anuncio del referéndum (2013). La muestra está integrada por cinco periódicos: el diario Ara, La Vanguardia, El País, El Mundo y La Razón. Lo que implicó el análisis de 319 noticias. Los resultados obtenidos permiten comprobar como la ideología no ha sido determinante en la manera de posicionarse de cada periódico respecto al tema de la independencia
    [Show full text]
  • Spanish Chamber Music of the Eighteenth Century. Richard Xavier Sanchez Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1975 Spanish Chamber Music of the Eighteenth Century. Richard Xavier Sanchez Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Sanchez, Richard Xavier, "Spanish Chamber Music of the Eighteenth Century." (1975). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 2893. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/2893 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and dius cause a blurred image.
    [Show full text]
  • The Phonetics-Phonology Interface in Romance Languages José Ignacio Hualde, Ioana Chitoran
    Surface sound and underlying structure : The phonetics-phonology interface in Romance languages José Ignacio Hualde, Ioana Chitoran To cite this version: José Ignacio Hualde, Ioana Chitoran. Surface sound and underlying structure : The phonetics- phonology interface in Romance languages. S. Fischer and C. Gabriel. Manual of grammatical interfaces in Romance, 10, Mouton de Gruyter, pp.23-40, 2016, Manuals of Romance Linguistics, 978-3-11-031186-0. hal-01226122 HAL Id: hal-01226122 https://hal-univ-paris.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01226122 Submitted on 24 Dec 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Manual of Grammatical Interfaces in Romance MRL 10 Brought to you by | Université de Paris Mathematiques-Recherche Authenticated | [email protected] Download Date | 11/1/16 3:56 PM Manuals of Romance Linguistics Manuels de linguistique romane Manuali di linguistica romanza Manuales de lingüística románica Edited by Günter Holtus and Fernando Sánchez Miret Volume 10 Brought to you by | Université de Paris Mathematiques-Recherche Authenticated | [email protected] Download Date | 11/1/16 3:56 PM Manual of Grammatical Interfaces in Romance Edited by Susann Fischer and Christoph Gabriel Brought to you by | Université de Paris Mathematiques-Recherche Authenticated | [email protected] Download Date | 11/1/16 3:56 PM ISBN 978-3-11-031178-5 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-031186-0 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-039483-2 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress.
    [Show full text]
  • Null-Subjects, Expletives, and Locatives in Romance”
    Arbeitspapier Nr. 123 Proceedings of the Workshop “Null-subjects, expletives, and locatives in Romance” Georg A. Kaiser & Eva-Maria Remberger (eds.) Fachbereich Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Konstanz Arbeitspapier Nr. 123 PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP “NULL-SUBJECTS, EXPLETIVES, AND LOCATIVES IN ROMANCE” Georg A. Kaiser & Eva-Maria Remberger (eds.) Fachbereich Sprachwissenschaft Universität Konstanz Fach 185 D-78457 Konstanz Germany Konstanz März 2009 Schutzgebühr € 3,50 Fachbereich Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Konstanz Sekretariat des Fachbereichs Sprachwissenschaft, Frau Tania Simeoni, Fach 185, D–78457 Konstanz, Tel. 07531/88-2465 Michael Zimmermann Katérina Palasis- Marijo Marc-Olivier Hinzelin Sascha Gaglia Georg A. Kaiser Jourdan Ezeizabarrena Jürgen M. Meisel Francesco M. Ciconte Esther Rinke Eva-Maria Franziska Michèle Oliviéri Julie Barbara Alexandra Gabriela Remberger M. Hack Auger Vance Cornilescu Alboiu Table of contents Preface Marc-Olivier Hinzelin (University of Oxford): Neuter pronouns in Ibero-Romance: Discourse reference, expletives and beyond .................... 1 Michèle Oliviéri (Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis): Syntactic parameters and reconstruction .................................................................................. 27 Katérina Palasis-Jourdan (Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis): On the variable morpho-syntactic status of the French subject clitics. Evidence from acquisition ........................................................................................................ 47
    [Show full text]
  • 1356Th Meeting, 9 October 2019 10 Legal Questions
    MINISTERS’ DEPUTIES CM Documents CM(2019)125 29 August 20191 1356th meeting, 9 October 2019 10 Legal questions 10.4 European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages a. Fifth report of the Committee of Experts in respect of Spain Item to be considered by the GR-J at its meeting on 19 September 2019 In accordance with Article 16 paragraph 3 of the Charter, the Committee of Experts of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages submits its fifth report on the application of the Charter in Spain to the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe. The report contains proposals for recommendations to be addressed by the Committee of Ministers to Spain. The Spanish Government has been given the opportunity to comment on the content, in accordance with Article 16 paragraph 3 of the Charter. 1 This document has been classified restricted at the date of issue. In accordance with the Deputies’ decision (CM/Del/Dec(2001)765/10.4), it will be declassified after examination by the Committee of Ministers. Website: www.coe.int/cm CM(2019)125 2 The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages provides for a control mechanism to evaluate how the Charter is applied in a State Party with a view to, where necessary, making recommendations for improving its legislation, policy and practices. The central element of this procedure is the Committee of Experts, set up under Article 17 of the Charter. Its principal purpose is to report to the Committee of Ministers on its evaluation of compliance by a Party with its undertakings, to examine the real situation of regional or minority languages in the State and, where appropriate, to encourage the Party to gradually reach a higher level of commitment.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of DOM in Asturian ('Dialectu Vaqueiru')
    journal of language contact 13 (2020) 96-140 brill.com/jlc A Study of DOM in Asturian (‘Dialectu Vaqueiru’) Avelino Corral Esteban Lecturer (Tenure-track Associate Professor) of Linguistics, Department of English Philology, Faculty of Arts, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain [email protected] Abstract The present paper explores Differential Object Marking in a variety of Asturian (West- ern Iberian Romance) spoken in western Asturias (northwestern Spain). This ancestral form of speech stands out from Central Asturian and especially from Standard Span- ish. For a number of reasons, ranging from profound changes in pronunciation, vo- cabulary, morphology and information structure to slight but very relevant effects on syntax. The main goal of this study is to examine the special marking of direct objects in order to find out what triggers the distribution of Differential Object Marking in this variety. To this aim, this paper will examine, from a variationist perspective, the influ- ence of a number of semantic and discourse-pragmatic parameters on the marking of direct objects in this Western Asturian language as well as in Standard Spanish1 and Central Asturian (which is generally considered the normative variety of Asturian). The results obtained from this comparison will allow us to outline the differences be- tween these three varieties in terms of object marking, shedding more light on the ori- gin and function of Differential Object Marking in Spanish. Keywords Asturian language – Vaqueiru dialect – Differential Object Marking – information structure – topicality – distinguishing function 1 Although Standard (European) Spanish originated in, and has come to be based on, the Cas- tilian dialect more than any other variety, I will use the term ‘Standard Spanish’ throughout the paper for the sake of neutrality.
    [Show full text]
  • The Catalan Struggle for Independence
    THE CATALAN STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE An analysis of the popular support for Catalonia’s secession from Spain Master Thesis Political Science Specialization: International Relations Date: 24.06.2019 Name: Miquel Caruezo (s1006330) Email: [email protected] Supervisor: Dr. Angela Wigger Image Source: Photo by NOTAVANDAL on Unsplash (Free for commercial or non-commercial use) Table of Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 2 Chapter 1: Theoretical Framework ......................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Resource Mobilization Theory ...................................................................................................... 7 1.1.1 Causal Mechanisms ................................................................................................................ 9 1.1.2 Hypotheses........................................................................................................................... 10 1.2 Norm Life Cycle Theory ............................................................................................................... 11 1.2.1 Causal Mechanisms .............................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • “Behind-The-Table” Conflicts in the Failed Negotiation for a Referendum for the Independence of Catalonia
    “Behind-the-Table” Conflicts in the Failed Negotiation for a Referendum for the Independence of Catalonia Oriol Valentí i Vidal*∗ Spain is facing its most profound constitutional crisis since democracy was restored in 1978. After years of escalating political conflict, the Catalan government announced it would organize an independence referendum on October 1, 2017, an outcome that the Spanish government vowed to block. This article represents, to the best of the author’s knowledge, the first scholarly examination to date from a negotiation theory perspective of the events that hindered political dialogue between both governments regarding the organization of the secession vote. It applies Robert H. Mnookin’s insights on internal conflicts to identify the apparent paradox that characterized this conflict: while it was arguably in the best interest of most Catalans and Spaniards to know the nature and extent of the political relationship that Catalonia desired with Spain, their governments were nevertheless unable to negotiate the terms and conditions of a legal, mutually agreed upon referendum to achieve this result. This article will argue that one possible explanation for this paradox lies in the “behind-the-table” *Attorney; Lecturer in Law, Barcelona School of Management (Universitat Pompeu Fabra) as of February 2018. LL.M. ‘17, Harvard Law School; B.B.A. ‘13 and LL.B. ‘11, Universitat Pompeu Fabra; Diploma in Legal Studies ‘10, University of Oxford. This article reflects my own personal views and has been written under my sole responsibility. As such, it has not been written under the instructions of any professional or academic organization in which I render my services.
    [Show full text]
  • Article Journal of Catalan Intellectual History, Volume I, Issue 1, 2011 | Print ISSN 2014-1572 / Online ISSN 2014-1564 DOI 10.2436/20.3001.02.1 | Pp
    article Journal of Catalan IntelleCtual HIstory, Volume I, Issue 1, 2011 | Print ISSN 2014-1572 / online ISSN 2014-1564 DoI 10.2436/20.3001.02.1 | Pp. 27-45 http://revistes.iec.cat/index.php/JoCIH Ignasi Casanovas and Frederic Clascar. Historiography and rediscovery of the thought of the 1700s and 1800s* Miquel Batllori abstract This text shows the similitudes and the differences between Ignasi Casanovas and Frederic Clascar, two of the most important representatives of the religious thought in Catalonia, in the first third of the 20th century. The article studies their philosophi- cal writings in the rich context of their global work, analysing their deficiencies and underlining the positive contribution to the Catalan culture. key words Ignasi Casanovas, Frederic Clascar, religious thought. I would like to begin with a small anecdote on the question as to whether there is such a thing as “Catalan” philosophy. Whilst teaching at Harvard, Juan Mar- ichal, publisher and scholar of the life and political works of Manuel Azaña, was asked by an American colleague what he taught there. On receiving the answer “the History1 of Latin America Thought”, the colleague replied, “Is there such * We would like to thank INEHCA and the Societat Catalana de Filosofia (Catalan Philo- sophical Society) for allowing us to public the text of this speech given by Father Miquel Batllori on 26 February 2002 as part of the course “Thought and Philosophy in Catalonia. I: 1900- 1923” at the INEHCA. The text, corrected by Miquel Batllori, has been published in the first of the volumes containing the contributions made in these courses: J.
    [Show full text]
  • Midnight Sun, Part II by PA Lassiter
    Midnight Sun, Part II by PA Lassiter . N.B. These chapters are based on characters created by Stephenie Meyer in Twilight, the novel. The title used here, Midnight Sun, some of the chapter titles, and all the non-interior dialogue between Edward and Bella are copyright Stephenie Meyer. The first half of Ms. Meyer’s rough-draft novel, of which this is a continuation, can be found at her website here: http://www.stepheniemeyer.com/pdf/midnightsun_partial_draft4.pdf 12. COMPLICATIONSPart B It was well after midnight when I found myself slipping through Bella’s window. This was becoming a habit that, in the light of day, I knew I should attempt to curb. But after nighttime fell and I had huntedfor though these visits might be irresponsible, I was determined they not be recklessall of my resolve quickly faded. There she lay, the sheet and blanket coiled around her restless body, her feet bound up outside the covers. I inhaled deeply through my nose, welcoming the searing pain that coursed down my throat. As always, Bella’s bedroom was warm and humid and saturated with her scent. Venom flowed into my mouth and my muscles tensed in readiness. But for what? Could I ever train my body to give up this devilish reaction to my beloved’s smell? I feared not. Cautiously, I held my breath and moved to her bedside. I untangled the bedclothes and spread them carefully over her again. She twitched suddenly, her legs scissoring as she rolled to her other side. I froze. “Edward,” she breathed.
    [Show full text]
  • Corpus, 12 | 2013, « Dialectologie : Corpus, Atlas, Analyses » [Online], Online Since 12 May 2014, Connection on 24 September 2020
    Corpus 12 | 2013 Dialectologie : corpus, atlas, analyses Rita Caprini (dir.) Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/corpus/2287 DOI: 10.4000/corpus.2287 ISSN: 1765-3126 Publisher Bases ; corpus et langage - UMR 6039 Printed version Date of publication: 1 January 2013 ISSN: 1638-9808 Electronic reference Rita Caprini (dir.), Corpus, 12 | 2013, « Dialectologie : corpus, atlas, analyses » [Online], Online since 12 May 2014, connection on 24 September 2020. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/corpus/2287 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/corpus.2287 This text was automatically generated on 24 September 2020. © Tous droits réservés 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Présentation Rita Caprini Les atlas linguistiques sont-ils des corpus ? Esther Baiwir and Pascale Renders Parole e testi : l’esperienza di un atlante Sabina Canobbio Le Baiser de la Belle au bois dormant ou : des péripéties encourues par la géographie linguistique depuis Jules Gilliéron Hans Goebl Concordances géolinguistiques et anthroponymiques en Bretagne Daniel Le Bris Le Thesaurus Occitan : entre atlas et dictionnaires Patrick Sauzet and Guylaine Brun-Trigaud Perception catégorielle et pertinence référentielle. Le cas des animaux domestiques en domaine occitan Albert Malfato La trajectoire de la dialectologie au sein des sciences du langage. De la reconstruction des systèmes dialectaux à la sémantique lexicale et à l’étymologie Jean-Philippe Dalbera Aréologie de la réduction vocalique incompatible avec le RF induit par l’accent dans les variétés italo-romanes Jonathan Bucci Stratégies de topicalisation en occitan Richard Faure and Michèle Oliviéri Testing linguistic theory and variation to their limits: The case of Romance Adam Ledgeway Compte rendu Alain CHEVRIER — Le Décasyllabe à césure médiane.
    [Show full text]