What Happened to Liquidity When World War I Shut the NYSE? William L. Silber Revised November 2003 The author is the Marcus Nadler Professor of Finance and Economics, Stern School of Business, New York University. He wishes to thank Yakov Amihud, Amit Arora, Menachem Brenner, Kenneth Garbade, William Greene, Joel Hasbrouck, Jane Hsu, Yang Lu, Anthony Saunders, Gideon Saar, Mitchell Stephens, Richard Sylla, Paul Wachtel, Ingo Walter, Steven Wheeler and Robert Whitelaw for helpful comments and assistance. Contact information: NYU, Stern School of Business, 44 West 4th Street, New York, N. Y. 10012. Telephone: 212- 998-0714. Email:
[email protected] JEL Classifications: G1, N0, N2 Keywords: Liquidity, NYSE, World War I 1 Abstract What Happened to Liquidity When World War I Shut the NYSE? The suspension of trading on the New York Stock Exchange for more than four months following the outbreak of World War I fostered a substitute market on New Street as a source of liquidity. The New Street market suffered from impaired price transparency because its transactions were not disseminated on the NYSE ticker and its quotations were blacklisted at the leading newspapers. This paper shows that despite the incomplete information flow and the somewhat wider bid-ask spreads compared with the New York Stock Exchange, New Street offered economically meaningful liquidity services. The interference with price transparency turned an individual stock’s reputation for liquidity into an important added variable in explaining the structure of bid-ask spreads on New Street. 2 I. Introduction It is not so surprising that the outbreak of World War I forced the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) to close.