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@ > Eriophyoidea > > ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺣﺸﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺟﻠﺪ 7 ، ﺷﻤﺎره 2 ، ﺳﺎل 1394 (، -143 159) داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﻲ، واﺣﺪ اراك ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺣﺸﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺷﺎﭘﺎ 4668- 2008 ( ﻋﻠﻤﻲ- ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ ) ) http://jer.iau-arak.ac.ir ﺟﻠﺪ 7 ، ﺷﻤﺎره 2 ، ﺳﺎل 1394 (، -143 159) ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻓﻮن ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Eriophyoidea در ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﺮم آﺑﺎد اﺳﺘﺎن ﻟﺮﺳﺘﺎن 2 *2 1 ﻋ ﺒﺎس دﻟﻔﺎن ، ﺷﻬﺮﻳﺎر ﺟﻌﻔﺮي ، ﺟﻬﺎﻧﺸﻴﺮ ﺷﺎﻛﺮﻣﻲ -1 داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮﺧﺘﻪ ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ارﺷﺪ رﺷﺘﻪ ﺣﺸﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﻛﺸﺎورزي، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﻲ، واﺣﺪ اراك -2 ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ اﺳﺘﺎدﻳﺎر و داﻧﺸﻴﺎر ، ﮔﺮوه ﮔﻴﺎه ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ، داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻛﺸﺎورزي، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻟﺮﺳﺘﺎن، ﺧﺮم آﺑﺎد ﭼﻜﻴﺪه ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Eriophyoidea ازﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻛﺮده و ﺑﺮﺧﻲ از آن ﻫﺎ از آﻓﺎت ﻣﻬﻢ و اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻت ﻛﺸﺎورزي ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ . ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻓﻮن ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Eriophyoidea در اﻃﺮاف ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﺮم آﺑﺎد در ﻃﻮل ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي زراﻋﻲ 1390- 1389 ﺑﺎ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري از ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻋﻢ از درﺧﺘﺎن ﻣﺜﻤﺮ و ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺜﻤﺮ، ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن زراﻋﻲ، ﺑﺎﻏﻲ، ﻣﺮﺗﻌﻲ و ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ . در ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪه از ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﻬﻢ از ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﭘﺎﻫﺎ و اﻣﭙﻮدﻳﻮم ﭘﺮوش، آراﻳﺶ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﭘﻴﺶ ران ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﻲ، ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﭘﺸﺘﻲ، ﻧﻮار ﺑﻨﺪي ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺸﺘﻲ و ﺷﻜﻤﻲ اﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮزوﻣﺎ، ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﺗﻮﺑﺮﻛﻮل ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد روي ﻧﻮار ﺑﻨﺪي ﭘﺸﺘ ﻲ و ﺷﻜﻤﻲ اﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮزوﻣﺎ و ﻧﺤﻮه آراﻳﺶ ﻣﻮﻫﺎي روي ﺑﺪن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ . در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ 13 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻔﺖ ﺟﻨﺲ از دو ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده و از روي 11 ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎن ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ . در زﻳﺮ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ داده ﺷﺪه آورده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ، ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ دو ﺳﺘﺎره ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻮن اﻳﺮان و آن ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺘﺎره ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻮن اﺳﺘﺎن ﻟﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ . Family: Eriophyidae 1. Eriophyes pyri (Pagenstecher) * 2. Aceria tristriatus (Nalepa)* 3. Aceria erineus (Nalepa) * 4. Aceria brachytarsus (Keifer)* 5. Aceria mackiei (Keifer) ** 6. Aceria fraxinivora (Nalepa)* 7. Aculus solani Boczek and Davis * 8. Aculus fockeui (Nalepa & Trouessary)* 9. Aculops lycopersici (Massee) 10. Aculops tetanothrix (Nalepa)* 11. Tetra glycyrrhiza Denizhan** 12. Notallus nerii Keifer* Family: Diptilomiopidae 13. Rhyncaphytopus ficifoliae Keifer* واژه ﻫﺎي ﻛﻠﻴﺪي : Eriophyoidea ، ﻓﻮن، ﺧﺮم آﺑﺎد، ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ، ﮔﺰارش ﺟﺪﻳﺪ، اﻳﺮان * ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪه راﺑﻂ، ﭘﺴﺖ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻜﻲ: [email protected] ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ درﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ( /5/15 91 -) ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﭘﺬﻳﺮش ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ /6/2( )93 ١٣ دﻟﻔﺎن و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران: ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻓﻮن ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Eriophyoidea ... ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ از ﺑﺰرگ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﮔﺮوه ﻫﺎي ﺑﻨﺪﭘﺎﻳﺎن ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ در ﻃﺒ ﻴﻌﺖ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ، ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ در ﺗﻤﺎم ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺟﻬﺎن از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ ﮔﺮﻣﺴﻴﺮي، ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﮔﺮﻣﺴﻴﺮي، ﻣﻌﺘﺪل، در آب ﻫﺎي ﺷﻮر و ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ و ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ ﻗﻄﺒﻲ و ﺳﺮدﺳﻴﺮي وﺟﻮد دارﻧﺪ (Jeppson et al ., 1975) . ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Eriophyoidea ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ راﺳﺘﻪ Trombidiformes و زﻳﺮراﺳﺘﻪ Prostigmata ﻣﻲﺑ ﺎﺷﺪ (Krantz & Walter, 2009) و ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Eriophyidae ,Phytoptidae و Diptilomiopidae اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺗﻌﺪاد 30 ، 334 و 71 ﺟﻨﺲ از آن ﻫﺎ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎل 2011 ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ (Amrine, 2011) . ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Eriophyidae ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده اﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده اﺳﺖ . ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي اﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻫﻤﮕﻲ ﮔﻴﺎه ﺧﻮارﻧﺪ، از ﻧﻈﺮ اﻧﺪازه ﺑﺴﻴﺎر رﻳﺰ (Denizhan, 2011) ﺑﻮده، داراي ﺗﺨﺼﺺ ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎﻧﻲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻳﺎ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ از ﻳﻚ ﺟﻨﺲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺧﺴﺎرت ﻣﻲ زﻧﻨﺪ (Khanjani & Haddad Irani-nejad, 2006 ). ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي اﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده از آﻓﺎت ﻣﻬﻢ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ آن ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻳﺠﺎد ﺑﺪ ﺷﻜﻠﻲ، ﻛﺎﻫﺶ رﺷﺪ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ، ﺟﺎروﻳﻲ ﺷﺪن، ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﺮگ، ﺧﺴﺎرت ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪام ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺜﻞ و ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﮔﺎل و زﻧﮕﺎر در ﻣﻴﻮه، ﺷﺎخ و ﺑﺮگ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ (Keifer et al ., 1982) . ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ارﻳﻮﻓﻴﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﺎﻟﻲ، ﺗﺎوﻟﻲ، ﻧﻤﺪي و زﻧﮓ ﻣﻌﺮوف ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ . ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺳﺮﮔﺮدان و ﺑﺪون اﻳﺠﺎد ﻫﻴﭻ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻋﻼﻳﻢ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ روي ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎن ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ (Amrine, 2011) . ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ارﻳﻮﻓﻴﺪ روي ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز ﻧﻴﺰ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ و ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻳﺠﺎد ﺧﺴﺎرت روي آن ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ . اﻳﻦ ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان دﺷﻤﻨﺎن ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ . ﺑﻴﺶ از 23 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از اﻳﻦ ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ روي ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز از اﻳﺮان ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ (Kamali, 2011) . در ﻣﻮرد ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي اﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت زﻳﺎدي در دﻧﻴﺎ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﻫﻤﻴﺖ اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي اﻳﻦ ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ، ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ و ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ آن ﻫﺎ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺪه و ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺳﺎل ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎر ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ آن ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎزﻧﮕﺮي و ﺑﻪ روز ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ( Babaei et al ., 2010) . ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎل 2011 ﺑﻴﺶ از 4396 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از آن ﻫﺎ از ﻧﻘﺎط ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺟﻬﺎن ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ (Amrine, 2011) . در ﺣﺎﻟﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﻛﺸﻮر اﻳﺮان ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮن ﺣﺪود 100 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻨﻪ ارﻳﻮﻓﻴﺪ ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ (Babaei et al., 2010; Kamali & Amrine, 2005; Lotfollahi et al., 2013; Xue et al ., 2009, 2011, 2012; Feng et (al ., 2011, 2013 و اﻳﻦ اﻣﺮ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻟﺰوم ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي در اﻳﻦ زﻣﻴﻨﻪ اﺳﺖ . از آن ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻟﺮﺳﺘﺎن داراي ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﻲ اﺳﺖ و در زﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻓﻮن ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي اﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻟﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اي ﺻﻮرت ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ و از ﻃﺮﻓﻲ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ و اﺳﺎس ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي ﺑﺮاي ﻛﻨﺘﺮل آﻓﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﺳﺖ، ﻃﻲ ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي 1389 و 1390 ﺟﻤﻊ آوري و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻓﻮن ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Eriophyoidae ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ . ﻣﻮاد و ر وش ﻫﺎ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري از ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﻋﻢ از درﺧﺘﺎن ﻣﺜﻤﺮ و ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺜﻤﺮ، ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن زراﻋﻲ و ﻋﻠﻒ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮز از ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮔﻴﺎه ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺮگ، ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ و ﻣﻴﻮه ﻫﺎ در ﻃﻮل دو ﺳﺎل زراﻋﻲ 1389 و 1390 اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ، ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪه ﭘﺲ از اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺑﻪ آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺎ زﻣﺎن ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي در ﻳ ﺨﭽﺎل در دﻣﺎي 4 درﺟﻪ ﺳﻠﺴﻴﻮس ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺷﺪﻧﺪ . ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺳﺮﮔﺮدان و زﻧﮕﺎري ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ . ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ از داﺧﻞ ﮔﺎل ﻫﺎ و ﻧﻤﺪﻫﺎ، ﮔﺎل ﻫﺎ و ﻧﻤﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ دو ﻧﻴﻢ ﺷﺪه و در زﻳﺮ اﺳﺘﺮﻳﻮﻣﻴﻜﺮوﺳﻜﻮپ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ ﺳﻮزن ﻇﺮﻳﻒ، ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺟﺪا ﺷﺪه و ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤ ﻠﻮل ﺷﻔﺎف ﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ . ﭘﺲ از ﺷﻔﺎف ﻛﺮدن ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﺳﻴﺪ ﻻﻛﺘﻴﻚ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ، ﺗﻬﻴﻪ و آﻣﺎده ﻛﺮدن اﺳﻼﻳﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس روش ١ ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺣﺸﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺟﻠﺪ 7 ، ﺷﻤﺎره 2 ، ﺳﺎل 1394 (، -143 159) (Amrine & Manson (1996 اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ . ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺪازه ﮔﻴﺮي و ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ از روش (Delillo et al . (2010 اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ . ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﻴﻜﻲ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﭘﺎﻫﺎ و آﻣﭙﻮدﻳﻮم ﭘﺮوش، ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﭘﻴﺶ ران ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻠﻲ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻣﺎده، ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﭘﺸﺘﻲ، ﻧﻮار ﺑﻨﺪي و ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﺗﻮﺑﺮﻛﻞ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺸﺘﻲ و ﺷﻜﻤﻲ اﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮزوﻣﺎ و ﻣﻮﻫﺎي روي ﺑﺪن در زﻳﺮ ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﺳﻜﻮپ، ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ . ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ در اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺗﻌﺪاد 13 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻔﺖ ﺟﻨﺲ از دو ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده و از روي 11 ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎن ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ در ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪه دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻮن اﻳﺮان و 10 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻓﻮن اﺳﺘﺎن ﻟﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ . ﻛﻠﻴﺪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ارﻳﻮﻓﻴﺪ ﺟﻤﻊ آو ري ﺷﺪه در اﻃﺮاف ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﺮم آﺑﺎد -1 ﮔﻨﺎﺗﻮزوﻣﺎ ﺑﺰرگ و ﻛﻠﻴﺴﺮ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ و ﺑﺰرگ، ﺑﺮ روي ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎن اﻳﺠﺎد ﻋﻼﻳﻢ ﺧﺴﺎرت ﻧﻤﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ . ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Diptilomiopidae ﮔﻮﻧﻪ Rhyncaphytopus ficifoliae Keifer ´ -1 ﮔﻨﺎﺗﻮزوﻣﺎ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ و ﻛﻠﻴﺴﺮ ﻛﻮﺗﺎه، ﺑﺮ روي ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎن اﻳﺠﺎد ﻋﻼﻳﻢ ﮔﺎل، ﻧﻤﺪ، زﻧﮓ، ﺟﺎروي ﺟﺎدوﮔﺮ. ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ . ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده . Eriophyidae -2 داراي ﺑﺪﻧﻲ ﻛﺮﻣﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ، annuli ﻫﺎي ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﭘﺸﺘﻲ و ﺷﻜﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﻫﻢ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮﻧﺪ، ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﭘﺸﺘﻲ ﻓﺎﻗﺪ Fronal lobe ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و اﮔﺮ وﺟﻮد داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ اﺳﺖ زﻳﺮ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Eriophyinae . ´ -2 داراي ﺑﺪﻧﻲ دوﻛﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ، ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﭘﺸﺘﻲ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ داراي Fronal lobe ﭘﻬﻦ و ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺮ روي ﮔﻨﺎﺗﻮزوﻣﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، اﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮزوﻣﺎ داراي annuli ﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﭘﺸﺘﻲ، ﺑﺰرگ، ﻣﻴﻜﺮﺗﻮﺑﺮﻛﻮل ﻫﺎ و annuli در ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺷﻜﻤﻲ ﺑﺎرﻳﻚ، زﻳﺮ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Phyllocoptinae -3 داراي اﻣﭙﻮدﻳﻮم ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ( ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻧﺸﺪه ،) ﺗﻮﺑﺮﻛﻮل ﻫﺎ و ﻣﻮﻫﺎي ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﭘﺸﺘﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ در ﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪ ﻋﻘﺐ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻗﺮار دارﻧﺪ و ﻣﻮﻫﺎي ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﭘﺸﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺟﻠﻮ رﺷﺪ ﻛﺮده اﻧﺪ ﻗﺒﻴﻠﻪ Eriophyini ................. ﮔﻮﻧﻪ Eriophyes pyri . ´ -3 داراي اﻣﭙﻮدﻳﻮم ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ( ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻧﺸﺪه ،) ﺗﻮﺑﺮﻛﻮل ﻫﺎي ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﭘﺸﺘﻲ ﻧﺰدﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ روي ﻟﺒﻪ ﻋﻘﺒﻲ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﭘﺸﺘﻲ و ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻮﻫﺎي ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﭘﺸﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻋﻘﺐ ﺑﺪن. ﻗﺒﻴﻠﻪ Acerini . ﺟﻨﺲ Aceria . -4 اﻣﭙﻮدﻳﻮم داراي ﺳﻪ اﻧﺸﻌﺎب .. .. ´ -4 اﻣﭙﻮدﻳﻮم داراي ﭼﻬﺎر اﻧﺸﻌﺎب ............................................................................................. ........... ﮔﻮﻧﻪ . A. fraxinivora -5 اﻧﺪازه ﭘﻨﺠﻪ ﭘﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺳﺎق، ﺑﺮ روي درﺧﺖ ﮔﺮدو ﺑ ﺎﻋﺚ اﻳﺠﺎد ﮔﺎل ﻫﺎي زﮔﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ..... ...... ......... ﮔﻮﻧﻪ A. tristriatus ´ -5 ﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺖ ﻓﻮق . -6 ﻣﻮي (Genital seta (3a ﺑﺮ روي ﺗﻮﺑﺮﻛﻮل ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎر ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ .................................................. .... .................... ﮔﻮﻧﻪ A. erineus ´ -6 ﺗﻮﺑﺮﻛﻮل ﻫﺎي ﺟﻨﺴﻲ ﻧﺮ .ﻣﺎل .ﻣﺎل -7 درﭘﻮش ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺟﻨﺴﻲ (genital cover flap) ﻣﺠﺴﻤﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ، ژﻧﻴﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎ داراي ﺧﻄﻮط ﺑﺎرﻳﻚ و ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، روي ﺑﺮگ ﺑﻠﻮط اﻳﺠﺎد ﮔﺎل ﻫﺎي ﻧﻤﺪي ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ .................................................................... .............. .................... ﮔﻮﻧﻪ A. mackiei ´ -7 درﭘﻮش ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺟﻨﺴﻲ (genital cover flap) ﺻﺎف، ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﺗﻮﺑﺮﻛﻮل ﻫﺎي ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺷﻜﻤﻲ داﻳﺮه اي ﺷﻜﻞ، روي درﺧﺖ ﮔﺮدو اﻳﺠﺎد ﮔﺎل ﻫﺎي ﻛﻴﺴﻪ اي ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ............................................................... ................... ............. ﮔﻮﻧﻪ A. brachytarsus -8 ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺸﺘﻲ اﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮزوﻣﺎ ﮔﺮد ﺑﻮده و ﭘﻬﻦ ﻧﺸﺪه، ﺑﺪون ﻧﻮارﻫﺎي annulli ﭘﻬﻦ و ﺿﺨﻴﻢ . ´ -8 ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺸﺘﻲ اﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮزوﻣﺎ ﮔﺮد ﻧﺒﻮده و داراي ﺑﺮآﻣﺪﮔﻲ ﻫﺎ ﻳﺎ ﺷﻴﺎرﻫﺎي annulli ﻣﺠﺰا ١ دﻟﻔﺎن و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران: ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻓﻮن ﺑﺨﺸﻲ از ﻛﻨﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Eriophyoidea ... -9 ﻟﺒﻪ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﭘﺸﺘﻲ ﭘﻬﻦ و ﮔﺮد ﺷﺪه و در اﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﻧﻮك ﺗﻴﺰ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ............................ ...................... ﺟﻨﺲ Aculus. ´ -9 ﻟﺒﻪ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻲ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﭘﺸﺘﻲ ﭘﻬﻦ و ﮔﺮد ﻧﺸﺪه و در اﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﻧﻮك ﺗﻴﺰ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .................................................. ﺟﻨﺲ Aculops. -10 ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﭘﺸﺘﻲ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﻧﻴﻢ داﻳﺮه ﺻﺎف و ﻳﻜﻨﻮاﺧﺖ، ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﭘﺸﺘﻲ داراي ﺧﻄﻮط ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ و ﻛﻨﺎري ﻛﻮﺗﺎه، در ﺳﻄﺢ زﻳﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺮگ ﻫﺎي درﺧﺖ آﻟﻮ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺳﺮﮔﺮدان ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻛﺮده و ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻳﺠﺎد زﻧﮕﺎر ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ............. ....... ..... ﮔﻮﻧﻪ. Aculus fockeui ´ -10 ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﭘﺸﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﻣﺜﻠﺜﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ، ﺧﻂ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ روي ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت دو ﭘﺎره ﺧﻂ ﻛﻮﺗﺎه در ﺑﺨﺶ ﻋﻘﺒﻲ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ روﻳﺖ اﺳﺖ . ﺑﺪون اﻳﺠﺎد ﻋﻼﻳﻢ ﺧﺎﺻﻲ روي ﺑﺮگ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎه ﺗﺎﺟﺮﻳﺰي ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ .............................. ﮔﻮﻧﻪ A. solani -11 ﺑﻪ رﻧﮓ زرد ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎرﻧﺠﻲ، ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﭘﺸﺘﻲ ﭘﻬﻦ و ﻛﻮزه اي ﺷﻜﻞ، اﭘﻴﺴﺘﻮزوﻣﺎ داراي ﺣﺪودا 26 - 28 ﻧﻮار (annuli) در ﺳﻄﺢ ﭘﺸﺘﻲ و -68 60 ﻧﻮار در ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﻜﻤﻲ .................................
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