L'île Comme Lieu De Rédemption Dans La Télésérie Américaine Lost (2004

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L'île Comme Lieu De Rédemption Dans La Télésérie Américaine Lost (2004 L’île comme lieu de rédemption dans la télésérie américaine Lost (2004-2010) Mémoire Élise Brouard Maîtrise en études littéraires Maître ès arts (M.A.) Québec, Canada © Élise Brouard, 2015 Résumé Les téléséries ont connu un essor au début des années 2000. Lost, créée en 2004 par J.J. Abrams, Jefrey Lieber et Damon Lindelof, marque un tournant quant aux possibilités du format télévisuel. Avec une structure narrative complexe, dense et riche, la série présente des personnages brisés par leur passé qui se retrouvent sur une île semblant déserte après l’écrasement de l’avion dans lequel ils prenaient place. Leur destin et leur cheminement personnel respectif sont au cœur de l’intrigue. Dans un premier temps, nous apprenons que les personnages sont tous coupables d’un parricide, réel ou symbolique; un parricide qui leur causera une grande culpabilité et à laquelle ils doivent absolument remédier. La vie sur l’île leur offrira une deuxième chance afin de racheter leur geste. Ils seront amenés à vivre ensemble, à faire confiance aux membres de leur communauté, allant même jusqu’à se sacrifier pour eux et pour l’île, cet espace aux propriétés morphologiques uniques. Cette étude tente de montrer que le parcours de ces êtres humains (du parricide à la rédemption) n’aurait pu se faire ailleurs que sur l’île. La figure symbolique de l’île est en effet associée au renouveau grâce aux autres récits insulaires qui ont eu cours avant Lost. Par définition, la notion de figure est un aboutissant de la relation entre un film et l’imaginaire du spectateur à partir d’un élément qui obsède. Nous verrons comment se crée la figure de l’île à travers les thématiques suivantes : le parricide, la communauté, la foi, le sacrifice et la rédemption. Mots-clés : Lost, télésérie, parricide, communauté, foi, sacrifice, rédemption, figure de l’île. III Abstract The television series has boomed in the early 2000s. Lost, created in 2004 by JJ Abrams, Damon Lindelof and Jefrey Lieber offers a turning point of the possibilities of the television format. In a narrative complex, dense and rich structure, the series presents characters disturbed by their past who find themselves on a supposed deserted island after a plane crash. Their fate and their respective personal journey are the heart of the plot. First, we learn that the characters are all guilty of parricide, real or symbolic. A parricide that will cause them guilt that they absolutely have to wash away. Life on the island offers a second chance to be redeemed. They will have to live together, to trust their community, even up to sacrifice for them and for the island, this area with unique morphological properties. This study attempts to show that the journey of these people (parricide to redemption) could not be done elsewhere then on the island. The symbolic figure of the island is indeed associated to renewal through other island stories that took place before Lost. By definition, the figure concept is the result of the relationship between a film and the imagination of the spectator from an element that obsesses. We will see how this island figure is created through the following themes: patricide, community, faith, sacrifice and redemption. Keywords : Lost, series, parricide, community, faith, sacrifice, redemption, island figure. V Table des matières Résumé .............................................................................................................................................................. III Abstract ............................................................................................................................................................... V Table des matières ............................................................................................................................................ VII Remerciements .................................................................................................................................................. IX Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................... 1 Premier chapitre : Le parricide .......................................................................................................................... 11 Freud et le parricide ...................................................................................................................................... 11 Guy Rosolato : le sacrifice et la culpabilité.................................................................................................... 15 Agressivité maligne, agressivité maligne : Benjamin Linus ...................................................................... 19 Agressivité passionnelle : John Locke ...................................................................................................... 21 Agressivité héroïque : Jack Shephard ...................................................................................................... 22 Tropisme : James Ford ............................................................................................................................. 24 La psychanalyse et le rapport à la mère: Lacan ........................................................................................... 27 Le parricide chez Kafka ................................................................................................................................ 31 Une culpabilité à purger ................................................................................................................................ 33 Deuxième chapitre : Le principe de communauté, la foi et le sacrifice .............................................................. 35 1. Le principe de communauté ...................................................................................................................... 37 1.1. Du meurtre du père ........................................................................................................................... 40 1.2. L’état de nature .................................................................................................................................. 42 1.3. Le contrat social ................................................................................................................................ 44 1.4. L’altérité selon Jean-Paul Sartre ....................................................................................................... 48 2. La foi : confiance, croyance et idéologie ................................................................................................... 53 2.1. Le vrai croyant et l’acte de foi ............................................................................................................ 56 2.2. Jean-Paul Sartre : la liberté, l’existentialisme et la mauvaise foi ....................................................... 60 2.3. De la religion ...................................................................................................................................... 62 3. Le sacrifice ................................................................................................................................................ 64 3.1. Définir le sacrifice .............................................................................................................................. 64 3.2. Les sources du sacrifice .................................................................................................................... 67 3.3. Les inspirations judéo-chrétiennes .................................................................................................... 70 L’épreuve de l’île vers la rédemption ............................................................................................................ 73 Troisième chapitre : La figure de l’île ................................................................................................................ 75 Provenance et définition de la figure ............................................................................................................. 77 L’acte de lecture/spectature ..................................................................................................................... 77 Les processus de lecture/spectature ........................................................................................................ 78 Définir la figure – Martin Lefebvre et Bertrand Gervais ............................................................................ 82 La méthodologie et la figure de Philippe Dubois ...................................................................................... 86 La figure de l’île : la matière-espace de la rédemption ................................................................................. 87 Les présupposés ...................................................................................................................................... 88 L’avant-Lost : les présupposés et l’intertextualité aléatoire de l’île ........................................................... 89 La rédemption que permet l’île ................................................................................................................. 98 La figure de l’île et sa matière-espace : l’œil et le miroir ........................................................................ 102 La figure forte de l’insulaire ........................................................................................................................
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