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Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 3 No. 3, October 2016 www.j-tropical-crops.com Soil Fertility Assessment of Sugarcane Farms in Barangay Aglayan, Malaybalay, Bukidnon, Philippines Willy Aclon Ligan*, Cyd Cherisse U. Gayonan Central Mindanao University, University Town, Musuan, Maramag, Bukidnon, Philippines 8710. *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract The plant cane (PC) crop is normally followed by two to four ratoon crops, and in certain cases up to A soil fertility assessment survey was conducted at a maximum of seven crops, like in Latin America, Barangay Aglayan, Malaybalay, Bukidnon on selected is taken. A ratoon is the cane that grows from buds farms to assess the soil chemical properties (pH, OM, remaining in the stubble left in the ground after a crop Extractable P and Exchangeable K) of sugarcane has been harvested. Good average cane production farms. A survey questionnaire was used to gather is >70 ton.ha-1 with sugar production of 9 ton.ha-1 information among farms and a total of twenty-two (22) (Velasco, 2013). sugarcane farms were collected for soil samples and analyzed at the Soil and Plant Analysis Laboratory, Sugarcane has long been regarded as a crop with College of Agriculture, Central Mindanao University. agro-industrial importance of the country. Apart from The 22 sugarcane farms surveyed in of Barangay sugar, its product could also be used for ethanol Aglayan, Malaybalay, Bukidnon were identifi ed as production which could be further used to produce very strongly acidic, have medium organic matter “gasohol”, the alternative source of energy of utmost content, low extractable phosphorus and very importance at the time the world is confronted with low in exchangeable potassium. These results energy crisis due to both fl uctuation and continuous demonstrated that the sugarcane farms in Bukidnon increase of fuel price. Enlargement of the sugarcane need amendments to meet the recommended soil growing has taken place both in response to the test values for sugarcane. The results of this study energy crisis and to the price increase of sugarcane have provided basic information to generate a soil product without taking land potential and suitability nutrient map of those sugarcane farms. into consideration. Sugarcane is a tropical crop, it requires warm and Introduction humid climate for growth while cool, sunny and dry climate for ripening. Rainfall defi ciency produces The province of Bukidnon has a total land area a fi brous cane, whereas too heavy rainfall reduces of 1,049,859 hectares, 92% of its alienable and sugar content (Season, 2011). Sugarcane can be disposable lands that account for 380,332.75 grown on wide range of soils. However, it grows hectares is utilized for agricultural production. best on well drained, fertile, and medium to heavy These agricultural areas are physically distributed soils. Soils rich in organic matter and leveled are with sugarcane lands dominating the landscape of most suitable. James (2003) stated that sugarcane Bukidnon followed by corn, pineapple and irrigated is heavy feeder crop so it should not be grown on rice (Provincial Government of Bukidnon, undated). light soils. Expansion of the sugarcane growing has taken place both in response to the energy crisis and Sugarcane is grown in appreciable quantities in to the price increase of sugarcane product without thirteen of the twenty-two municipalities in Philippines taking land potential and suitability into consideration. (Sugar Regulatory Association, 2015). As one of This misconduct has led to all sorts of problems the major anchors in crop production, Bukidnon is including land misuse, environmental problems and moving forward towards establishing its position as a debt increase. Soil fertility is the status of a soil with principal trader of sugar and many other commercial respect to its ability to supply elements essential for and industrial crops. Sugarcane in the Philippines is plant without toxic concentrations of any elements. grown mainly for sugar, but presently ethyl alcohol Fertile soils have an adequate and balanced supply (biofuel) production is widely spreading, along with it‘s of element suffi ciently labile or available to satisfy the by products such as molasses and fi ber (bagasse). needs of plants (Carver, 2007). Digitized map are Soil Fertility Assessment of Sugarcane Farms in Barangay .......... 75 Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 3 No. 3, October 2016 www.j-tropical-crops.com being developed to prepare soil fertility map using Soil sample was collected by collecting 10 to 15 soil global positioning system (GPS) to identify actual sub samples from each site. The farm from which the locations (latitude, longitude, data collection) of soil samples collected was recorded for its topography, sample points. The developed soil fertility maps could slope, texture, drainage properties, and history of the be used to distribute/channelize fertilizers and more crops grown. priority may be attached towards districts with poor fertility. Composite samples were obtained by mixing the soil sub samples after they were cleaned from grass or The objective of the study is to assess the soil plant residues. A soil auger was used to a depth of 20 chemical properties (pH, OM, Extractable P and cm and placed it in a sampling bag, a thin slice was Exchangeable K) of sugarcane farms in Barangay removed from the vertical side of the soil about 3 cm Aglayan, Malaybalay, Bukidnon, Philippines, to thick and about 20 cm deep. Afterwards the sides of provide information on soil fertility levels of this area. the soil slice were trimmed, leaving about 3 cm or 1 inch strip at the middle. When deep-rooted crops were planted, composite subsoil should also be collected. Materials and Methods To collect this sample, the pit left after the collection of soil sample from the surface were continued to a Field Survey Location desire depth usually from 60-90 cm as the subsoil sample and placed in a separate sampling bag. The The research is mainly a fi eld survey that was samples were taken randomly at equal distant points conducted in 2016 at Barangay Aglayan, Malaybalay, throughout the lot in a zigzag direction. The soils Bukidnon, Philippines (8.15° North latitude, 125.08° collected were mixed in a clean plastic sheet and was East longitude). Soil samples were collected from divided into four quadrants. The two quadrants were different randomly selected sugarcane farms of then discarded and two quadrants were retained. The Barangay Aglayan, Malaybalay, Bukidnon (Figure 1). process was repeated until the remaining sample was The soil samples were analyzed as to its chemical about one kilogram. properties (soil pH, organic matter, extractable phosphorus, and exchangeable potassium) at the The composite surface and sub-soil samples were Soil and Plant Analysis Laboratory (SPAL) of the placed separately inside plastic bags. Attached to the Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture of sample was soil information sheet with the following Central Mindanao University. information: farmers name and address, location of the farm, area of farm, surface or sub-soil sample, date The materials that were used in the study were collected, crops grown or to be grown, yield record of cellphone as GPS, cellophane, marker, wooden, past crop, past treatments including fertilization and mallet, soil auger, triple beam balance, laboratory liming, length of time the land was cultivated for a equipment apparatus, bolo/knife, and survey particular crop, other physical features of the lot. questionnaire. Prior to soil analysis the composite soil samples were Survey and Collection of Soil Samples spread on a drying board in a soil preparation room. The clods were crushed occasionally during the drying The research focuses on the study of soil fertility process which took seven days to completely dry out. assessment for sugarcane grown in Barangay Soil samples were pulverized using wooden mallet and Aglayan, Malaybalay, Bukidnon. Slovin‘s formula is passed through a 2 mm sieve. The particles that did used in collecting the required number of samples not pass through the sieve were discarded including to be gathered statistically. Sampling criteria was stony materials (gravel or other special features). The determined based on the size of the farms, i.e. sieved samples were stored in a plastic bag with the three to fi ve hectares, and had been cultivated for at appropriate labels. Collected soil samples were tested least 10 years. Based on the data of the number of in the Soil and Plant Laboratory Analysis (SPAL) at sugarcane farmers in Bukidnon, a total of 22 farmers Central Mindanao University using references in Table were selected for the study. 1, and methods listed in Table 2. The parameters from collected samples were analyzed twice. 76 Willy Aclon Ligan, Cyd Cherisse U. Gayonan Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 3 No. 3, October 2016 www.j-tropical-crops.com Table 1. Soil chemical properties references Soil chemical properties Value Category References <4.5 Extremely acidic 4.5 – 5.0 Very strongly acidic 5.1 – 5.5 Strongly acidic US Department of Agriculture Soil pH 5.6 – 6.0 Medium acidic (1962) 6.1 – 6.6 Slightly acidic 6.6 – 7.5 Neutral <2 Defi cient Organic maƩ er (%) 2.1 – 4.5 Marginal PCARRD,1999 >4/5 Adequate <4.1 Very defi cient Extractable P 4.2 – 8.1 Slightly defi cient 8.2 – 16.3 Defi cient Crizaldo, 1981 (mg.kg-1) 16.2 – 20.5 Adequate >20.5 Highly adequate <0.10 Low 0.20 – 0.30 Medium Exchangeable K (cmol.kg-1) Rice et al., 2002 0.30 – 0.40 High >0.5 Very high Table 2. Soil analysis methods Soil properties Method of analysis References Soil pH Potentiometric Method (1:5 soil:water ratio) Biddle et al., 1995 Extractable P Bray P2 (0.1 NHCl + 0.03 NH4F) PCARRD, 1991 Exchangeable K Flame Photometer (1N NH4OAc extraction) PCARRD, 1991 Organic Matter Walkey-Black Method PCARRD, 1991 Results and Discussion are found to be defi cient in organic matter having a low reading at <2 %.

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