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Subject Index Subject Index A 403, 411–418, 446, 460–462, 468, Abundance center assumption, 5 494–495, 498–501, 508–509, 517, 521, Actinopods, 38 524, 536–541, 562, 582–583 Adaptation, 6, 63, 138, 139, 608 Barcelona Convention, 341 Advection diffusion model, 85–86, 89–90 Bet hedging, 178 Age-structured models, 79–80, 91 Biocontrol, 6, 62, 90–91, 276, 330, 376, 491, Allee effect, 66, 72, 79, 85–90, 134 497, 563 Allometric analysis, 581 Biodeposition, 289, 292, 294 Alternative stable states, 329, 377–379, 381 Biofiltration, 289, 291, 293, 294, 295 Antarctic Treaty, 337, 341 Biogeochemical cycling, 288–292, 312, Aquaculture / mariculture 381–382, 610 impacted by invaders, 127, 461, 581–582 Biosecurity, 122, 353–369, 411–417, 441, management, 337, 339, 341, 346, 360–368 453, 454 vector, 3–4, 62, 63, 111–113, 126, 191, Biotic homogenization, 39, 40, 62, 71, 208, 355, 362–364, 393, 398, 400, 402, 93, 134 404, 414, 425, 427, 439, 440–454, 461, Bottom-up control, 135, 263, 279 462, 463, 470–472, 508–510, 517, 522, 524, 544, 551, 554, 560, 564, 565, 580–583, 588, 605 C Aquarium species, 3–4, 62, 69, 112, 113, 362, Canals, 110, 166, 530, 532, 543 402, 414, 464, 470, 496, 551, 567 Kiel Canal, 521 Autochthonous taxa, 33, 537, 556 Panama Canal, 110, 440 Suez Canal, 58, 110, 207, 242, 468, 549, 551–564, 569 B Volga-Don Canal, 538–539 Bait, 3,112–113, 166, 189, 191, 495–496, 499 Climate change, 3–5, 57–67, 127, 230, 290, Ballast 518, 524, 543, 558, 577, 582 dry, 40, 110, 117, 126, 486, 494–495, 518 Climate-matching, 165, 174 management / exchage, 79, 114, 125, 141, Co-evolution, 66, 174, 252 330, 340, 344, 345, 347, 362, 414, Common garden experiments, 195 426–427, 472–473, 623 Competition, 79, 80–84, 90–94, 190, 203, 204, regulations and agreements, 335–349, 218–220, 223–225, 242–243, 245–257, 472, 623 278–279, 299, 382, 465, 467, 520, 561, risk assessment, 354, 359–362, 368–369 563, 588, 610–613 sediments, 62, 74, 110, 114, 530 Convention on Biological Diversity, 336, vector, 3–5, 38, 45, 74, 89, 110, 117–121, 338–339, 341, 356, 364, 369 124–129, 136, 138, 141–142, 154–156, Cook, Captain James, 410 166, 168, 188–191, 206–207, 253, 295, Cordgrass (see Spartina in Taxonomic Index) 627 628 Subject Index Cosmopolitan, 16–17, 36–37, 45, 65, 241, Eradication, 88, 122, 188, 306, 329, 338, 402, 410, 416, 417, 447, 490, 523, 536, 343–344, 354, 375–378, 381, 401, 582, 604 412, 429, 434, 467–468, 622 Counter-gradient variation, 195 Enemy Release Hypothesis, 174, 204, Cryptogenic species, 6, 14–17, 37, 42, 44, 45, 207, 210 393, 405–406, 411, 412, 427–429, Erosion, 113, 288, 292, 381, 522, 558 433–435, 439, 450, 454, 461, 469, 473, Erythrean, 551, 555–564, 567 480, 483, 501, 508, 509, 516, 517, 523, Extinctions, 5, 13, 27, 57–58, 61, 66, 71, 524, 578–580, 589, 592 83–84, 93, 220, 231–232, 242, 243, 255, 280–281, 328, 364, 412, 480, 507, 516, 537–538, 612 D Darwin, Charles, 409 Density-dependence, 79, 87, 89 F Density-independence, 561 Facilitation, 95–96, 215–231, 242, 256, 298, Diffusion models, 85–90, 174 375, 383, 563, 568 Discrete trait invaders, 297 Fisheries (see also Aquaculture) Disease, 4, 82, 111–112, 124, 127, 129, 207, impacted by invaders, 4, 275, 276, 509, 209, 219, 297, 315, 338–340, 346, 354, 522, 535, 542, 563, 564 358, 360, 363, 400, 452, 471, 488, 490, models, 72, 79, 80, 83, 85, 96 495, 516, 522, 524, 539, 563, 577, vector 111–112, 337, 341, 343, 345, 355, 580–581, 612 367, 414, 447, 488, 493–496, 583 Disturbance, 3, 5, 93, 95, 96, 124, 125, 142, Fitness, 83, 177–180, 182, 192, 194, 195, 230, 143, 146, 215, 218, 225–232, 243–244, 242, 614 253, 297, 305, 315–320, 375, 379, 383, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) 499, 501–502, 551, 566 Code of Conduct on Responsible duration, 315–318 Fisheries, 337, 341 force, 317, 318 Food-web interactions (see also Predator-prey frequency, 315–319 interactions, Trophic cascades), 208, magnitude, 315–317, 319 264, 562, 568, 569 spatial extent, 315, 316 Forest products, 418, 419, 421 Fouling Anti-fouling treatments, 113–114, 121, E 138, 226, 413, 472 Ecological arms race, 6, 193 Impacts, 299, 412, 448, 453 Ecological opportunity hypothesis, 231 Management, 340, 341, 347, 359, 361, Economic impacts, 3, 4, 299, 328, 335, 338, 363, 368 344, 354, 355, 356, 359, 394, 400, 401, Species and communities, 39, 41, 93, 447–448, 453, 454, 522, 523, 524, 531, 141–147, 226, 228, 230, 343, 396, 542, 563, 566, 568, 622 397, 401, 402, 425, 426, 469, 470, Economic models, 71, 72, 73, 80, 81, 82, 498, 542 Ecosystem engineer(s), 225, 242, 243, Vector, 40–41, 110, 112, 117–123, 128, 287–299, 306, 309, 310–313, 319, 320, 136, 189, 190, 410–411, 415, 429, 434, 375–377, 380, 450, 568 445, 460, 464, 468–472, 494, 495, 508, Allogenic engineering, 289, 290 509, 517–518, 519, 520, 530, 534, 537, Autogenic engineering, 289, 290, 293, 297 538, 540, 551, 556, 557, 607 Ecosystem services, 313, 622, 624 Foundation species (see also Ecosytem Ecotonal habitats, 17, 42 engineer), 226–227, 230 Education, 112–113, 189, 348, 355, 360, 367, 624 El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), 62–65, G 440, 441, 444, 446 Gastrotrichs, 38, 39 Elton, Charles, 6, 335, 624 Genetics, 4, 6, 13, 36, 38, 41–42, 47, 95, Endeavour, 410 140–141, 154, 178–180, 182, 193, Epidemiological models, 71, 81, 82 195, 205, 217, 400, 561, 567, 622 Subject Index 629 analysis / molecular tools, 6, 31, 35, 36, 37, M 38, 40, 41–42, 47, 71, 140–141, 330, Marine protected areas, 96, 330, 355, 361, 406, 413, 425, 454, 461, 516, 568, 622 397, 622 drift, 6 Migration, 63, 92, 521, 543, 551 genetically modified organisms, 83, 363, Diel vertical, 179, 185, 187, 188, 278 366–367 Lessepsian, 43, 551, 554 genospecies invasions, 36, 45, 209, 398 Mitten crab (see Eriocheir in Taxonomic Index) hybridization, 4, 6, 83, 95, 226, 311, 485 introgression, 341, 581 population genetics, 63, 80, 83, 86, 96, 135 N Glaciation, 40, 529, 537, 541, 613 Natural enemies, 203–205, 207, 209 Global Invasive Species Program, 339 Nematodes, 38, 39 GloBallast, 367, 368, 472 Nemerteans, 38, 39 Green crab (see Carcinus in Taxonomic Index) Neritic species, 17, 40, 41 Neural network, 89 Neustonic, 41, 518 H North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), 62, 65 Habitat fragmentation, 96, 228, 567 Null models, 94, 354 Harmful algal blooms, “red tides”, 315, 520, 582 Helsinki Commission, 341, 342, 507 Host-parasitoid models, 81 O Hunting, 263, 495–496 Ocean ranching (see also Aquaculture / Hysteresis, 383 mariculture), 111 Oceanic dispersal, 17, 40, 41 Office International des Epizooties I (OIE), 338 Import Health Standard, 345, 346, 358, 359, Oil platforms, 118, 122, 226, 368, 414, 445, 361, 362, 364, 413–415 467–470 Individual-based models, 79 Organotins, 113, 114, 121, 122, 340 Induced responses, 177, 183, 193 Ornamental species, 112, 189, 191, 470, 491, International Council for Exploration of the 493–494, 496, 499, 544 Seas (ICES), 113, 337 Oyster culture (see Aquaculture / ICES Code of Practice on the Introduction mariculture) and Transfers of Marine Organisms, 337, 341 International Maritime Organisation, 114, 121, P 330, 336, 339–340, 345, 346, 414, 472 Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), 62–64 International Plant Protection Convention, 338 Parasite(s) 63, 111, 123, 129, 183, 203–211, Invasion paradox, 224 256, 276, 309, 338, 399, 516, 522, 544, Invasion resistance, 5, 73, 93, 94, 95, 138, 143, 563, 565 145, 146, 174, 194, 219–225, 227, 330, Parasite Release, 174, 204, 205, 207, 209 440, 451, 453, 610, 611, 612 Parthenogenetic reproduction, 463 Invasional meltdown, 4, 94, 95, 220, 227–228, Pollution, 3, 61, 65, 136–138, 229, 336, 342, 274, 278, 279, 379, 563 425, 535, 588, 611 IUCN (World Conservation Union), 368, 421 Population viability analysis, 72 Positive feedbacks, 375, 383 Precautionary principle, 9, 328, 341, 342, K 355–356, 369, 454, 624 Kairomones, 180, 181 Predator-prey interactions (see also Food Kew Gardens, 31, 34 webs, Trophic cascades), 3, 13, 47, 63, Kinorhynchs, 38, 39 81–82, 86, 90, 119–120, 143, 174, 181, 193, 218, 220, 225–228, 243, 261–281, 305–320, 375–376, 613–614 L Prey morphology, 193 Lag times, 27, 30, 43, 174, 194, 255, 501, 623 Productivity, 218, 219, 310–311, 450, 558 630 Subject Index Propagule pressure, 73, 74, 94, 95, 133–147, Survivorship, 148, 160, 163, 165–168, 183– 165, 253, 358, 390, 454, 564, 587, 187, 190, 203, 209, 250, 251, 558 605–607, 613, 614, 615 adaptive, 177–180, 182, 189, 190, 192, 194 Pseudoindigenous, 16, 17, 27, 32, 33, 44 predator-induced, 179, 181, 188, 193 R T Ramsar Convention, 337 Taxonomy, 17, 35, 44, 250, 403, 411, 460, Range expansions, 4, 57–67, 139, 140, 147, 517, 622 154, 193, 230, 277, 441, 444–445, 554, Tethys ocean, 549 578–580 Top-down control, 262–264, 279 Reaction norms, 179, 180, 182, 183, 187, Trait-mediated indirect interactions, 181 189, 195 Trophic cascades, 243, 262, 263, 287, 291, Reciprocal transplant experiments, 193, 195 306, 318, 539 Re-colonization, 376, 551–553, 555–557, 561, 562, 564 Restoration, 5, 8, 14, 111, 113, 189, 329, U 375–383, 623–625 United Nations Environmental Programme Rhizopods, 38 (UNEP), 338, 341, 356 Risk assessment, 7, 8, 96, 134, 138, 167, 329, 330, 338, 342–346, 353–369, 416, 421, 425, 472, 541 V Vikings, 31, 41, 44, 517, 522, 531 S Sanitary risks and standards, 96, 338, 356, W 452, 473 Whaling, 410–411, 440 Scientific Committee on Problems of the World Animal Health Organisation, 338 Environment (SCOPE), 335 World Heritage Convention, 337 Sea chests, 118, 163, 190, 340, 415 World Trade Organisation, 328, 338, Seafood, 3, 112, 154, 189, 191 356, 369 Sedimentation, 119, 251, 295–296, 309, 315, 380, 558, 561, 610 Selection, 177–179,
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