Biota Neotropica 18(2): e20170385, 2018 www.scielo.br/bn ISSN 1676-0611 (online edition) Article

Ichthyofauna of the inner shelf of Paraná, Brazil: checklist, geographic distribution, economic importance and conservation status

Daphne Spier1* , Humberto Luiz Nadolny Gerum5, Hugo Bornatowski1, Riguel Contente2, Natalia A S Mattos3, Ciro C Vilar4 & Henry Louis Spach1

1Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro de Estudos do Mar, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas Costeiros e Oceânicos, Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brasil 2Instituto Federal do Pará, Campus Marabá Industrial, Marabá, PA, Brasil 3Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, São Paulo, SP, Brasil 4Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Vitória, ES, Brasil 5Associação de Pescadores e Aquicultores de Pontal do Sul, Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brasil *Corresponding author: Daphne Spier, e-mail: [email protected]

SPIER, D., GERUM, H. L. N., BORNATOWSKI, H., CONTENTE, R., MATTOS, N. A. S., VILAR, C. C., SPACH, H. L. Ichthyofauna of the inner shelf of Paraná, Brazil: checklist, geographic distribution, economic importance and conservation status. Biota Neotropica. 18(2) e20170385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2017-0385

Abstract: Comprehensive species checklists are essential to effectively implementing preservation and recovery measures, and should assess conservation status, vulnerability degree and anthropogenic threats. This checklist was compiled from fish species recorded in surveys conducted over the last 30 years in the shallow inner continental shelf in the State of Paraná, Brazil. Information on biogeography, conservation status, economic importance and degree of species’ vulnerability are provided. A total of 272 fish species were recorded, spanning 25 orders and 88 families. The most speciose family was Sciaenidae (25 species), followed by Carangidae (23), Engraulidae (10), Carcharhinidae (9), Epinephelidae (9) and Paralichthyidae (9). Most species occurring in Paraná’s shallow inner continental shelf are restricted to the West Atlantic. In terms of economic importance, 93% (253) of the species recorded were of fishery, aquaculture or aquaria interest. A notable fraction (39%) of the recorded species was classified as having moderate to very high vulnerability to extinction. In particular, 28 species (10%) were listed as globally endangered, and 34 species (12%) were listed as endangered in the Brazilian territory. Keywords: fish assemblage, species list, Southwest Atlantic, vulnerability

Ictiofauna da plataforma interna do Paraná, Brasil: checklist, distribuição geográfica, importância econômica e estado de conservação

Resumo: Listas abrangentes de espécies são essenciais para a implementação efetiva de medidas de preservação e devem avaliar o estado de conservação e o grau de vulnerabilidade das comunidades ecológicas. Esta lista foi compilada a partir de espécies de peixes registradas em pesquisas realizadas nos últimos 30 anos na plataforma continental interna rasa do Estado do Paraná. Foram fornecidas informações sobre biogeografia, estado de conservação, importância econômica e grau de vulnerabilidade das espécies. Um total de 272 espécies de peixes foram registradas, abrangendo 25 ordens e 88 famílias. A família com maior número de espécies foi Sciaenidae (25 espécies), seguida de Carangidae (23), Engraulidae (10), Carcharhinidae (9), Epinephelidae (9) e Paralichthyidae (9). A maioria das espécies registrada na plataforma continental interna do Paraná está limitada ao Atlântico Oeste. Em termos de importância econômica, 93% (253) das espécies incluídas nesta lista são comercialmente viáveis, seja na pesca, aquicultura ou aquariofilia. Uma fração notável (39%) das espécies registradas foi classificada como de vulnerabilidade moderada a muito alta. Em particular, 28 espécies (10%) estão listadas como ameaçadas de extinção em escala global, e 34 espécies (12%) estão listadas como ameaçadas de extinção no território brasileiro. Palavras-chave: assembleia de peixes, lista de espécies, Atlântico Sudoeste, vulnerabilidade.

Introduction shelf extends from 175 to 190 km offshore, and is dominated by sandy bottoms, and a few rocky substrates (Brandini 2014). The State of Paraná, in southern Brazil, has a 98 km long coastline, Paraná’s continental shelf harbors a rich fauna, particularly in its inner and is cut by two large estuarine complexes, namely, the Paranaguá region which is nutrient enriched by the continental drainage system. Bay to the north and the Guaratuba Bay to the south. Its continental Like the estuaries, the inner shelf functions as habitat for reproduction http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2017-0385 http://www.scielo.br/bn 2 Biota Neotrop., 18(2): e20170385, 2018

Spier, D. et al. and development of many fish species; therefore, it performs a vital role in Material and Methods their life cycles (Blaber 2000). In addition, the continental shelf contains several fish species of commercial importance. Data on fish species inhabiting the inner continental shelf of the State of Paraná were compiled from the peer-reviewed literature (Corrêa et al. 1986; There have been several studies on the fish fauna in the Paranaguá Chaves et al. 2003; Godefroid et al. 2004; Costa & Chaves 2006; Gomes Estuarine Complex (Hackradt et al. 2009; Félix-Hackradt et al. 2010; & Chaves 2006; Santos et al. 2006; Félix et al. 2007a; Félix et al. 2007b; Ignácio & Spach 2010; Contente et al. 2011; Passos et al. 2012; Pichler et al. Bornatowski et al. 2009; Hackradt & Hackradt 2009; Hackradt et al. 2011; 2015, 2017; Possatto et al. 2017) and in the Guaratuba Bay (Chaves & Daros et al. 2012; Bornatowski et al. 2014a; Bornatowski et al. 2014b; Corrêa 1998; Chaves & Vendel 2001). On the other hand, few studies Rossi-Wongtschowski et al. 2014, Santos et al. 2016) as well as less have focused on the continental shelf region, especially those assessing accessible academic literature (Santos 2006 and Carniel 2008 - master the taxonomic composition of the ichthyofauna (Santos 2006; Carniel thesis; Schwarz-Junior 2010 and Spier 2016 - PhD thesis) published over 2008; Schwarz-Junior 2010). Of concern is the threat to the region’s the past 30 years. The full extent of Paraná’s shallow inner continental fish biodiversity, most notably due to overfishing, deposition of dredged shelf was sampled down to the 20 m isobath, including areas near the sediments, habitat loss, and deployment of new habitats, such as artificial mouth of the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex and the Guaratuba Bay reefs, whose impact on biodiversity is not yet fully understood. In this study, (Figure 1). Overall, gillnetting, trawling, and underwater visual census we have compiled a checklist of fish species inhabiting the shallow inner were the main sampling methods used in the studies compiled in this work. continental shelf of Paraná. Considerations about geographic distribution, Further details on sampling methods and sampling areas are provided in conservation status, economic importance, and degree of vulnerability to Table 1. The taxonomic classification and nomenclature followsMarceniuk extinction are provided. This checklist compiles useful information in (2005), Craig & Hastings (2007), Smith & Craig (2007), Figueiredo & a single document that should be of great help in devising measures of Menezes (2009), Carvalho-Filho et al. (2010), Menezes et al. (2010) preservation and species recovery. and Eschmeyer et al. (2014). Orders and families are listed according to

Figure 1. Map of the shallow inner continental shelf of Paraná, Brazil, showing the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex and the Guaratuba estuary. The contour represents the 20-meter isobath. http://www.scielo.br/bn http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2017-0385 Biota Neotrop., 18(2): e20170385, 2018 3

Fishes of shallow inner continental shelf of Paraná, Brazil

Table 1. Details on methods and sampling areas of the different sources consulted. “x”indicates absence of depth data. Source Site Year Methods Isobath Corrêa et al. (1986) Coasts of Matinhos, Pontal do Sul, Caiobá until 1986 (since 1942) Museum collections x e Mel island Chaves et al. (2003) Matinhos shelf March 1999 to January 2000 Bottom trawl nets 10 and 15 m (mesh of 2.5 cm) Godefroid et al. (2004) Shallow infralittoral of Atami Beach July 1998 to June 1999 Bottom trawl nets 8 and 12 m (25°30’S; 48°15’W) (mesh of 1 cm) Costa & Chaves (2006) Paraná Continental Shelf July 2001 to March 2003 Trawling and gillnet 8 to 20 m Gomes & Chaves (2006) 2 km from the Guaratuba coast April 2001 to March 2002 Bottom trawl nets 10 m (25°52’S/48°39’W to 25°59’S/48°36’W) (mesh of 3 cm) Santos (2006) Paraná Continental Shelf (25°26’S to August 2000 to July 2001 Bottom trawl nets 6 to 17 m 25°40’S / 48°08’W to 48°26’W) (mesh of 3 cm) Felix et al. (2007) Next to the entrance of Paranaguá Bay / June 2004 to May 2005 Beach seine net, 15 m long 2 m Pontal do Sul beach and 2.6 m height - mesh size of 5 mm. Carniel (2008) Paraná Continental Shelf 2005 and 2006 Trawling and gillnet 8 to 20 m Bornatowski et al. (2009) PR until 2009 Museum/Literature/ field x surveys Hackradt & Hackradt (2009) Currais (25°44’ S, 48°22’ W), Itacolomis November 2006 to July 2007 Underwater visual census 6 to 20 m (25°50’ S, 48°24’ W) and Artificial Reefs (SCUBA) between these two islands Schwarz-Junior (2009) Paraná Continental Shelf August 2004 to July 2005 Bottom trawl nets 6, 9, 12 and 15 m (mesh of 2.5 cm) Hackradt et al. (2011) Currais (25°44’ S, 48°22’ W), Itacolomis January 2006 to March 2006 Underwater visual census 6 to 20 m (25°50’ S, 48°24’ W) and Artificial Reefs (SCUBA) between these two islands Daros et al. (2012) Currais Archipelago (25°44’ S, 48°22’ W) October 2008 to August 2009 Underwater visual census 3 to 9 m and Itacolomis Island (25°50’ S, 48°24’ W) (SCUBA) Bornatowski et al. (2014a) 20 km from the coast April 2010 to March 2012 Gillnet of 7, 9, 11, 16, 18 20 m and 45 cm mesh-size Bornatowski et al. (2014b) Itacolomis Island (15 km from the coast) September 2011 Gillnet of 9 cm mesh-size 10 and 12 m Rossi-Wongtschowski et al. (2014) Paraná Continental Shelf 1995 to 2010 Mid-water trawl nets 18 to 145 m (mesh of 4 cm) Santos et al. (2016) Paraná Continental Shelf (25°20’S to August 2000 to July 2001 and Bottom trawl nets 6, 9, 12 and 15 m 25°50’S / 48°08’W to 48°26’W) August 2004 and July 2005 (mesh of 3 cm) Spier (2016) Islands (Currais, Figueira, Galheta) 2012 to 2016 Underwater visual census 3 to 16 m (free dive)

phylogenetic order (Eschmeyer et al. 2014) and the species inside each Furthermore, we also indicate which species have economic importance family are organized in alphabetical order. specifically for the State of Paraná, based on the authors’ knowledge. To analyze the zoogeographic affinities of the fauna, the species were Vulnerability to extinction was categorized as low, low to moderate, classified in geographic distribution categories based onFloeter et al. (2008), moderate, moderate to high, high, high to very high, and very high, following Luiz Jr et al. (2008), Eschmeyer et al. (2014) and Froese & Pauly (2017). FishBase (Froese & Pauly 2017). These categories were determined The categories were: CT = Circumtropical, TA = Trans-Atlantic (Western based on the life history and ecological characteristics of each species and Eastern Atlantic Ocean), WA = Western Atlantic (Northern and Southern (Cheung et al. 2005). Species were also classified according to the IUCN Atlantic Ocean), SWA = Southwest Atlantic (ranging from Northern Brazil categories (IUCN 2017) and the national status of conservation proposed to Argentina), SSWA = Southern Southwest Atlantic (Southeastern and by the Brazilian Ministry of Environment (MMA 2014). Conservation Southern Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina), Ca = Caribbean (ranging from status and vulnerability to extinction provide a rough assessment of Florida to Venezuela), Br = Brazilian Province [ranging from the Orinoco species’ endangerment. River Delta in Venezuela to the State of Santa Catarina in Brazil (sensu Briggs & Bowen 2012)], and EP = Eastern Pacific. Results Regarding species’ economic importance in Brazil, we defined four categories, namely, 1) food: referring to human consumption, 2) animal A total of 272 fish species (234 Actinopterygii and 38 Elasmobranchii) feed, 3) aquarium, and 4) none: referring to species without any identified distributed over 25 orders and 88 families were recorded in the shallow commercial purpose. Categories 1, 2, and 4 were implemented based on inner continental shelf of Paraná (Table 2). The order richest in species the work of Menezes et al. (2003); Figueiredo & Menezes (2009); Froese was Perciformes (146), followed by Pleuronectiformes (18), Rajiformes & Pauly (2017), as well as on the authors’ previous knowledge. Category 3 (18), Clupeiformes (16) and Carcharhiniformes (15). Sciaenidae was the was implemented based on the technical and scientific bulletin ofCEPENE richest family with 25 species, followed by Carangidae (23), Engraulidae (2005), which lists marine fish species allowed for capture in Brazil. (10), Paralichthyidae (9), Epinephelidae (9) and Carcharhinidae (9). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2017-0385 http://www.scielo.br/bn 4 Biota Neotrop., 18(2): e20170385, 2018

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Table 2. Taxonomic classification of the ichthyofauna recorded in the shallow inner shelf of Paraná, Brazil. Geographic Distribution: CT = Circuntropical, TA = Trans-Atlantic, WA = Western Atlantic, SWA = Southern West Atlantic, SSWA = Southern Southwest Atlantic, Ca = Caribbean, Br = Brazilian Province and EP = Eastern Pacific. Global conservation status according to IUCN (2010) and national conservation status according to MMA (2014): NE= not evaluated, LC= least concern, NT = near threatened, DD = data deficient, VU = vulnerable, EN= endangered, CR = critically endangered. Economic importance in Brazil. Asterisk indicate which species have economic importance specifically for the State of Paraná. Conservation Conservation Geographic Economic Vulnerability Orders/Families/Species status status Source Distribution Importance FishBase MMA - 445 IUCN Orectolobiformes Rhincodontidae Rhincodon typus Smith, 1828 Ta+EP No very high VU EN Bornatowski et al. (2009); Spier (2016) Carcharhiniformes Triakidae Mustelus canis (Mitchill, 1815) WA food* very high EN NT Bornatowski et al. (2009) Mustelus schmitti Springer, SSWA food* high CR EN Corrêa et al. (1986); Bornatowski et al. 1939 (2009) Carcharhinidae Carcharhinus brevipinna CT food* high DD NT Bornatowski et al. (2009) (Müller & Henle, 1839) Carcharhinus falciformis CT food* high NT NT Costa & Chaves (2006); Bornatowski et al. (Müller & Henle, 1839) (2009) Carcharhinus limbatus (Müller CT food* high NT NT Bornatowski et al. (2009); & Henle, 1839) Bornatowski et al. (2014a) Carcharhinus plumbeus (Nardo, CT food* very high CR VU Bornatowski et al. (2009) 1827) Carcharhinus porosus WA+EP food* very high CR DD Corrêa et al. (1986); Bornatowski et al. (Ranzani, 1839) (2009) Carcharhinus obscurus CT food* very high EN VU Bornatowski et al. (2009), (Lesueur, 1818) Bornatowski et al. (2014a) Galeocerdo cuvier CT food* high NT NT Costa & Chaves (2006); Bornatowski et al. (Péron & Lesueur, 1822) (2009); Bornatowski et al. (2014a) Rhizoprionodon lalandii Ca+SSWA+Br food* moderate NT DD Costa & Chaves (2006); Bornatowski et al. (Müller & Henle, 1839) (2009); Bornatowski et al. (2014a) Rhizoprionodon porosus (Poey, Ca+SSWA+Br food* moderate to DD LC Costa & Chaves (2006); Bornatowski et al. 1861) high (2009) Scyliorhinidae Schroederichthys bivius (Müller SSWA+Br+EP animal feed moderate to - DD Bornatowski et al. (2014b) & Henle, 1838) high Sphyrnidae Sphyrna lewini (Griffith & CT food* very high CR EN Costa & Chaves (2006); Santos Smith, 1834) (2006); Bornatowski et al. (2009); Bornatowski et al. (2014a); Santos et al. (2016) Sphyrna tiburo (Linnaeus, WA+EP food* moderate to CR LC Bornatowski et al. (2009) 1758) high Sphyrna zygaena (Linnaeus, CT food* very high CR VU Costa & Chaves (2006); Bornatowski et al. 1758) (2009); Bornatowski et al. (2014a) Lamniformes Odontaspididae Carcharias taurus Rafinesque, CT food* high CR VU Bornatowski et al. (2009) 1810 Squaliformes Squalidae Squalus acanthias Linnaeus, CT food* high to very CR VU Bornatowski et al. (2009) 1758 high Squatiniformes Squatinidae Squatina guggenheim Marini, SWA food* high CR EN Costa & Chaves (2006); Bornatowski et al. 1936 (2009) Squatina occulta Vooren & da SWA food* high to very CR EN Bornatowski et al. (2009) Silva, 1992 high

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Table 2. Continued... Conservation Conservation Geographic Economic Vulnerability Orders/Families/Species status status Source Distribution Importance FishBase MMA - 445 IUCN Rajiformes Rhinobatidae Pseudobatos horkelii Müller & SWA food* high to very CR CR Chaves et al. (2003); Bornatowski et al. Henle, 1841 high (2009) Pseudobatos percellens TA food* high DD NT Chaves et al. (2003); Costa & Chaves (Walbaum, 1792) (2006); Santos (2006); Carniel (2008); Bornatowski et al. (2009); Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016); Spier (2016) Zapteryx brevirostris (Müller & SWA food* moderate VU VU Chaves et al. (2003); Costa & Chaves Henle, 1841) (2006); Santos (2006); Carniel (2008); Bornatowski et al. (2009); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Narcinidae Narcine brasiliensis (Olfers, WA No low to moderate DD DD Chaves et al. (2003); Godefroid et al. 1831) (2004); Costa & Chaves (2006); Gomes & Chaves (2006); Santos (2006); Carniel (2008); Bornatowski et al. (2009); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Arhynchobatidae Atlantoraja castelnaui SWA food very high EN EN Bornatowski et al. (2009) (Miranda Ribeiro, 1907) Atlantoraja cyclophora WA food high NT VU Bornatowski et al. (2009) (Regan, 1903) Atlantoraja platana (Günther, SWA food high DD VU Bornatowski et al. (2009) 1880) Rioraja agassizii SSWA food* high to very EN VU Costa & Chaves (2006); Bornatowski et al. (Müller & Henle, 1841) high (2009) Dasyatidae Hypanus americanus Hildebrand WA food* very high DD DD Costa & Chaves (2006); Bornatowski et al. & Schroeder, 1928 (2009) Hypanus guttatus Ca+Br food* very high - DD Costa & Chaves (2006); Bornatowski et al. (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) (2009); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016); Spier (2016) Dasyatis hypostigma Santos & SWA food* high to very DD DD Costa & Chaves (2006); Bornatowski et al. Carvalho, 2004 high (2009); Spier (2016) Gymnuridae Gymnura altavela (Linnaeus, TA food* moderate to CR VU Costa & Chaves (2006); Santos (2006); 1758) high Bornatowski et al. (2009); Santos et al. (2016); Spier (2016) Myliobatidae Aetobatus narinari CT food* high to very DD NT Bornatowski et al. (2009); Hackradt & (Euphrasen, 1790) high Hackradt (2009); Daros et al. (2012); Spier (2016) Mobula birostris (Walbaum, CT No very high VU VU Bornatowski et al. (2009); Hackradt & 1792) Hackradt (2009); Spier (2016) Mobula hypostoma (Bancroft, WA No high VU DD Bornatowski et al. (2009) 1831) Myliobatis goodei Garman, CT food* moderate to CR DD Costa & Chaves (2006); Bornatowski et al. 1885 high (2009) Rhinopteridae Rhinoptera bonasus (Mitchill, TA food* high DD NT Corrêa et al. (1986); Bornatowski et al. 1815) (2009); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Rhinoptera brasiliensis Müller, SWA food* moderate to CR EN Bornatowski et al. (2009); Spier (2016) 1836 high Elopiformes Elopidae Elops saurus Linnaeus, 1766 WA animal feed moderate - LC Carniel (2008); Spier (2016)

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Table 2. Continued...

Conservation Conservation Geographic Economic Vulnerability Orders/Families/Species status status Source Distribution Importance FishBase MMA - 445 IUCN Anguilliformes Muraenidae Gymnothorax funebris Ranzani, WA aquarium / food high to very DD LC Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); 1839 high Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012); Spier (2016) Gymnothorax miliaris (Kaup, TA aquarium moderate - LC Spier (2016) 1856) Gymnothorax moringa (Cuvier, WA aquarium / food very high DD LC Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); 1829) Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012); Spier (2016) Gymnothorax ocellatus SWA+Ca aquarium high DD LC Santos (2006); Carniel (2008); Schwarz- Agassiz, 1831 Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Gymnothorax vicinus TA aquarium / food high DD LC Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); (Castelnau, 1855) Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012); Spier (2016) Ophichthidae Myrichthys breviceps WA aquarium moderate to - LC Daros et al. (2012); Spier (2016) (Richardson, 1848) high Ophichthus gomesii (Castelnau, WA No high - LC Gomes & Chaves (2006); Santos (2006); 1855) Carniel (2008); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Muraenesocidae Cynoponticus savanna Ca+Br No high to very - LC Godefroid et al. (2004) (Bancroft, 1831) high Clupeiformes Clupeidae Harengula clupeola (Cuvier, WA animal feed* low - LC Chaves et al. (2003); Godefroid et al. 1829) (2004); Santos (2006); Felix et al. (2007); Carniel (2008); Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Hackradt et al. (2011); Rossi- Wongtschowski et al. (2014); Santos et al. (2016); Spier (2016) Opisthonema oglinum WA food* low to moderate - LC Corrêa et al. (1986); Felix et al. (Lesueur, 1818) (2007); Schwarz Junior (2009); Rossi- Wongtschowski et al. (2014); Santos et al. (2016) Platanichthys platana (Regan, SSWA animal feed* low - NE Felix et al. (2007); Schwarz Junior (2009); 1917) Santos et al. (2016) Sardinella brasiliensis SSWA food* low DD NE Godefroid et al. (2004); Santos (2006); (Steindachner, 1879) Felix et al. (2007); Carniel (2008); Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); Schwarz- Junior (2009); Hackradt et al. (2011); Rossi-Wongtschowski et al. (2014); Santos et al. (2016); Spier (2016) Engraulidae Anchoa filifera (Fowler, 1915) Ca+Br food low - LC Corrêa et al. (1986); Gomes & Chaves (2006) Anchoa lyolepis (Evermann & WA food* low - LC Godefroid et al. (2004); Gomes & Chaves Marsh, 1900) (2006); Santos (2006); Felix et al. (2007); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Anchoa parva (Meek & WA food low - LC Félix et al. (2007); Carniel (2008); Hildebrand 1923) Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Anchoa spinifer (Valenciennes, Ca+Br+EP food low - LC Santos (2006); Carniel(2008); Schwarz 1848) Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Anchoa tricolor (Spix & SWA food* low - NE Corrêa et al. (1986); Godefroid et al. Agassiz, 1829) (2004); Santos (2006); Felix et al. (2007); Carniel (2008); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Rossi-Wongtschowski et al. (2014); Santos et al. (2016) http://www.scielo.br/bn http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2017-0385 Biota Neotrop., 18(2): e20170385, 2018 7

Fishes of shallow inner continental shelf of Paraná, Brazil

Table 2. Continued...

Conservation Conservation Geographic Economic Vulnerability Orders/Families/Species status status Source Distribution Importance FishBase MMA - 445 IUCN Anchovia clupeoides Ca+Br food low - LC Carniel (2008); Schwarz Junior (2009); (Swainson, 1839) Santos et al. (2016) Anchoviella lepidentostole Br food low - LC Gomes & Chaves (2006); Santos (2006); (Fowler, 1911) Santos et al. (2016); Santos et al. (2016); Spier (2016) Cetengraulis edentulus (Cuvier, Ca+Br animal feed* moderate - LC Corrêa et al. (1986); Godefroid et al. 1829) (2004); Gomes & Chaves (2006); Santos (2006); Felix et al. (2007); Carniel (2008); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Engraulis anchoita Hubbs & SSWA food moderate - NE Santos (2006); Rossi-Wongtschowski et al. Marini, 1935 (2014); Santos et al. (2016) Lycengraulis grossidens (Spix SWA food* low to moderate - LC Chaves et al. (2003); Godefroid et al. & Agassiz, 1829) (2004); Gomes & Chaves (2006); Santos (2006); Felix et al. (2007); Carniel (2008); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Rossi- Wongtschowski et al. (2014); Santos et al. (2016) Pristigasteridae Chirocentrodon bleekerianus Ca+Br animal feed low - LC Chaves et al. (2003); Godefroid et al. (Poey, 1867) (2004); Gomes & Chaves (2006); Santos (2006); Carniel (2008); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Rossi-Wongtschowski et al. (2014); Santos et al. (2016) Pellona harroweri (Fowler, Ca+Br animal feed low - LC Chaves et al. (2003); Godefroid et al. 1917) (2004); Gomes & Chaves (2006); Santos (2006); Carniel (2008); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Rossi-Wongtschowski et al. (2014); Santos et al. (2016) Siluriformes Ariidae Aspistor luniscutis Br food* low - NE Gomes & Chaves (2006); Carniel (2008); (Valenciennes, 1840) Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Bagre bagre (Linnaeus, 1766) Ca+Br food* moderate to NT LC Corrêa et al. (1986); Santos (2006); high Carniel (2008); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Bagre marinus (Mitchill, 1815) WA food* high - LC Carniel (2008) Cathorops spixii (Spix & Ca+Br food* moderate - NE Chaves et al. (2003); Gomes & Chaves Agassiz, 1829) (2006); Santos (2006); Carniel (2008); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Genidens barbus (Lacepède, SSWA food* high EN NE Chaves et al. (2003); Gomes & Chaves 1803) (2006); Santos (2006); Carniel (2008); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Spier (2016); Santos et al. (2016) Genidens genidens (Cuvier, SSWA food* moderate - LC Godefroid et al. (2004); Gomes & Chaves 1829) (2006); Santos (2006); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Notarius grandicassis Br food* moderate to - LC Schwarz Junior (2009); Santos et al. (Valenciennes, 1840) high (2016) Stomiiformes Sternoptychidae Maurolicus stehmanni Parin & SWA animal feed low - NE Rossi-Wongtschowski et al. (2014) Kobyliansky, 1993 Aulopiformes Synodontidae Saurida brasiliensis Norman, Ta animal feed low - LC Rossi-Wongtschowski et al. (2014) 1935

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Table 2. Continued...

Conservation Conservation Geographic Economic Vulnerability Orders/Families/Species status status Source Distribution Importance FishBase MMA - 445 IUCN Synodus foetens (Linnaeus, WA aquarium low to moderate - LC Chaves et al. (2003); Santos (2006); 1766) Felix et al. (2007); Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); Hackradt et al. (2011); Rossi- Wongtschowski et al. (2014); Santos et al. (2016) Synodus synodus (Linnaeus, TA aquarium low - LC Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); 1758) Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012) Gadiformes Bregmacerotidae Bregmaceros atlanticus Goode CT No low - LC Rossi-Wongtschowski et al. (2014) & Bean, 1886 Bregmaceros cantori Milliken Ca+Br No low - LC Rossi-Wongtschowski et al. (2014) & Houde, 1984 Phycidae Urophycis brasiliensis (Kaup, SSWA food* moderate NT NE Chaves et al. (2003); Godefroid et al. 1858) (2004); Gomes & Chaves (2006); Santos (2006); Carniel (2008); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Urophycis mystacea Miranda SSWA animal feed low NT NE Rossi-Wongtschowski et al. (2014) Ribeiro, 1903 Merlucciidae Merluccius hubbsi Marini, 1933 SSWA food* high NT NE Rossi-Wongtschowski et al. (2014) Batrachoidiformes Batrachoididae Porichthys porosissimus SSWA aquarium moderate - NE Chaves et al. (2003); Godefroid et al. (Cuvier, 1829) (2004); Gomes & Chaves (2006); Santos (2006); Carniel (2008); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Rossi-Wongtschowski et al. (2014); Santos et al. (2016) Lophiiformes Ogcocephalidae Ogcocephalus vespertilio SWA+Ca aquarium moderate - NE Corrêa et al. (1986); Santos (2006); (Linnaeus, 1758) Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); Schwarz- Junior (2009); Hackradt et al. (2011); Santos et al. (2016) Gobiesociformes Gobiesocidae Gobiesox strumosus Cope, 1870 WA+EP aquarium low to moderate - LC Corrêa et al. (1986) Atheriniformes Atherinopsidae Atherinella brasiliensis (Quoy WA animal feed* low - LC Corrêa et al. (1986); Spier (2016) & Gaimard, 1825) Odontesthes bonariensis SSWA food low to moderate DD NE Félix et al. (2007) (Valenciennes, 1835) Beloniformes Belonidae Strongylura timucu (Walbaum, WA animal feed moderate - LC Félix et al. (2007); Spier (2016) 1792) Hemiramphidae Hemiramphus brasiliensis TA food* low to moderate - LC Godefroid et al. (2004); Hackradt & (Linnaeus, 1758) Hackradt (2009); Spier (2016) Hyporhamphus unifasciatus WA+EP food* low NT LC Godefroid et al. (2004); Félix et al. (2007); (Ranzani, 1841) Hackradt & Hackradt (2009) Syngnathiformes Syngnathidae Hippocampus erectus Perry, WA aquarium low to moderate VU VU Santos (2006); Santos et al. (2016) 1810

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Table 2. Continued...

Conservation Conservation Geographic Economic Vulnerability Orders/Families/Species status status Source Distribution Importance FishBase MMA - 445 IUCN Micrognathus crinitus (Jenyns, WA No low - LC Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); 1842) Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012) Syngnathus folletti Herald, 1942 SWA No low to moderate - LC Félix et al. (2007); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Scorpaeniformes Scorpaenidae Scorpaena brasiliensis Cuvier, WA aquarium moderate to - LC Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012) 1829 high Scorpaena isthmensis Meek & WA aquarium low to moderate - LC Santos (2006); Santos et al. (2016) Hildebrand, 1928 Scorpaena plumieri Bloch, TA aquarium high - LC Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); 1789 Hackradt et al. (2011); Spier (2016) Dactylopteridae - Dactylopterus volitans TA aquarium moderate - LC Santos (2006); Félix et al. (2007); (Linnaeus, 1758) Carniel (2008); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Daros et al. (2012); Rossi- Wongtschowski et al. (2014); Santos et al. (2016) Triglidae - Prionotus nudigula Ginsburg, SSWA aquarium moderate to - NE Gomes & Chaves (2006); Santos (2006); 1950 high Félix et al. (2007); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Prionotus punctatus (Bloch, SWA+Ca food* moderate to - LC Chaves et al. (2003); Godefroid et al. 1793 high (2004); Gomes & Chaves (2006); Santos (2006); Felix et al. (2007); Carniel (2008); Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); Schwarz- Junior (2009); Rossi-Wongtschowski et al. (2014); Santos et al. (2016) Perciformes Centropomidae Centropomus parallelus Poey, WA food* high - LC Corrêa et al. (1986); Chaves et al. (2003); 1860 Felix et al. (2007); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Centropomus undecimalis WA+Ca food* moderate to - LC Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); Spier (2016) (Bloch, 1792) high Acropomatidae Synagrops spinosus Schultz, WA+EP No low - LC Rossi-Wongtschowski et al. (2014) 1940 Serranidae Diplectrum formosum WA aquarium low - LC Chaves et al. (2003); Santos (2006); (Linnaeus, 1766) Santos et al. (2016) Diplectrum radiale (Quoy & WA aquarium low to moderate - LC Chaves et al. (2003); Santos (2006); Gaimard, 1824) Carniel (2008); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012); Santos et al. (2016); Spier (2016) Dules auriga Cuvier 1829 SSWA aquarium low - NE Santos (2006); Santos et al. (2016) Serranus flaviventris (Cuvier, WA aquarium low - LC Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); 1829) Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012); Spier (2016) Epinephelidae Epinephelus itajara Ta food* high to very CR CR Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); Hackradt et al. (Lichtenstein, 1822) high (2011); Spier (2016) Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, TA food* high to very VU EN Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); 1834) high Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012); Spier (2016) Epinephelus morio WA food* high VU NT Carniel (2008); Daros et al. (2012) (Valenciennes, 1828)

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Table 2. Continued... Conservation Conservation Geographic Economic Vulnerability Orders/Families/Species status status Source Distribution Importance FishBase MMA - 445 IUCN Hyporthodus nigritus WA food* high to very EN CR Santos (2006), Hackradt & Hackradt (Holbrook, 1855) high (2009); Santos et al. (2016); Spier (2016) Hyporthodus niveatus WA food* high VU VU Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); (Valenciennes, 1828) Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012); Spier (2016) Mycteroperca acutirostris Ca+Br food* high DD LC Santos (2006); Hackradt & Hackradt (Valenciennes, 1828) (2009); Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012); Santos et al. (2016); Spier (2016) Mycteroperca bonaci (Poey, WA food* high VU NT Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); 1860) Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012); Spier (2016) Mycteroperca microlepis WA food* high to very DD LC Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); Hackradt et al. (Goode & Bean, 1879) high (2011); Spier (2016) Rypticus randalli Courtenay, Ca+Br No low - LC Chaves et al. (2003); Gomes & Chaves 1967 (2006); Santos (2006); Carniel (2008); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Priacanthidae Heteropriacanthus cruentatus CT aquarium low to moderate - LC Rossi-Wongtschowski et al. (2014) (Lacepède, 1801) Priacanthus arenatus Cuvier, TA food* low to moderate - LC Corrêa et al. (1986); Hackradt & 1829 Hackradt (2009); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Daros et al. (2012); Rossi- Wongtschowski et al. (2014); Santos et al. (2016); Spier (2016) Malacanthidae Malacanthus plumieri (Bloch, WA No high - LC Spier (2016) 1786) Pomatomidae Pomatomus saltatrix (Linnaeus, CT food* high NT VU Godefroid et al. (2004); Santos (2006); 1766) Felix et al. (2007); Carniel (2008); Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); Schwarz- Junior (2009); Hackradt et al. (2011); Rossi-Wongtschowski et al. (2014); Santos et al. (2016); Spier (2016) Rachycentridae Rachycentron canadum CT food* moderate - LC Carniel (2008); Hackradt & Hackradt (Linnaeus, 1766) (2009); Spier (2016) Echeneidae Echeneis naucrates Linnaeus, TA aquarium moderate to - LC Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); Spier (2016) 1758 high Remora remora (Linnaeus, TA food moderate to - LC Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); Spier (2016) 1758) high Carangidae Alectis ciliaris (Bloch, 1787) Ta+EP food* high to very - LC Spier (2016) high Carangoides bartholomaei WA food* high - LC Godefroid et al. (2004); Carniel (2008); (Cuvier, 1833) Schwartz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Caranx crysos (Mitchill, 1815) TA food* low to moderate - LC Santos (2006); Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012); Santos et al. (2016); Spier (2016) Caranx hippos (Linnaeus, TA food* high - LC Carniel (2008); Spier (2016) 1766) Caranx latus Agassiz, 1831 TA food* high - LC Corrêa et al. (1986); Gomes & Chaves (2006); Santos (2006); Carniel (2008); Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012); Santos et al. (2016); Spier (2016) Caranx ruber (Bloch, 1793) WA food* high - LC Godefroid et al. (2004); Spier (2016)

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Table 2. Continued... Conservation Conservation Geographic Economic Vulnerability Orders/Families/Species status status Source Distribution Importance FishBase MMA - 445 IUCN Chloroscombrus chrysurus TA food* moderate to - LC Chaves et al. (2003); Godefroid et al. (Linnaeus, 1766) high (2004); Gomes & Chaves (2006); Santos (2006); Felix et al. (2007); Carniel (2008); Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012); Rossi- Wongtschowski et al. (2014); Santos et al. (2016); Spier (2016) Hemicaranx amblyrhynchus WA food* low to moderate - LC Chaves et al. (2003); Carniel (2008); Spier (Cuvier, 1833) (2016) Oligoplites palometa (Cuvier, Ca+Br food* low to moderate - LC Santos (2006); Santos et al. (2016); Spier 1832) (2016) Oligoplites saliens (Bloch, SWA+Ca aquarium* moderate - LC Corrêa et al. (1986); Santos (2006); 1793) Felix et al. (2007); Carniel (2008); Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); Schwarz- Junior (2009); Hackradt et al. (2011); Rossi-Wongtschowski et al. (2014); Santos et al. (2016) Oligoplites saurus (Bloch & WA food* low to moderate - LC Godefroid et al. (2004) Schneider, 1801) Pseudocaranx dentex (Bloch & CT food* high to very - LC Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); Schneider, 1801) high Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012); Spier (2016) Selene setapinnis (Mitchill, WA food* low to moderate - LC Chaves et al. (2003); Godefroid et al. 1815) (2004); Gomes & Chaves (2006); Santos (2006); Carniel (2008); Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Rossi-Wongtschowski et al. (2014); Santos et al. (2016); Spier (2016) Selene vomer (Linnaeus, 1758) WA aquarium* moderate - LC Chaves et al. (2003); Godefroid et al. (2004); Gomes & Chaves (2006); Santos (2006); Felix et al. (2007); Carniel (2008); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Daros et al. (2012); Rossi-Wongtschowski et al. (2014); Santos et al. (2016); Spier (2016) Seriola dumerili (Risso, 1810) CT food* moderate to - LC Santos (2006); Hackradt & Hackradt high (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Seriola lalandi Valenciennes, TA+EP food* high to very - LC Spier (2016) 1833 high Seriola rivoliana Valenciennes, WA+EP food* high to very - LC Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); 1833 high Hackradt et al. (2011); Spier (2016) Trachinotus carolinus (Linnaeus, WA food* moderate to - LC Chaves et al. (2003); Godefroid et al. 1766) high (2004); Gomes & Chaves (2006); Felix et al. (2007); Carniel (2008); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016); Spier (2016) Trachinotus falcatus (Linnaeus, WA food* moderate - LC Corrêa et al. (1986); Felix et al. (2007); 1758) Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); Spier (2016) Trachinotus goodei Jordan & WA food* low to moderate - LC Félix et al. (2007); Spier (2016) Evermann, 1896 Trachinotus marginatus Cuvier, SSWA food* moderate to - NE Godefroid et al. (2004); Félix et al. (2007); 1832 high Spier (2016) Trachurus lathami Nichols, WA food moderate - LC Rossi-Wongtschowski et al. (2014) 1920 Uraspis secunda (Poey, 1860) CT No low to moderate - LC Godefroid et al. (2004) Coryphaenidae Coryphaena hippurus Linnaeus, CT food* moderate - LC Rossi-Wongtschowski et al. (2014); Spier 1758 (2016) Lutjanidae

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Table 2. Continued... Conservation Conservation Geographic Economic Vulnerability Orders/Families/Species status status Source Distribution Importance FishBase MMA - 445 IUCN Lutjanus analis (Cuvier, 1828) WA+Ca food* moderate to NT NT Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); high Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012); Spier (2016) Lutjanus cyanopterus (Cuvier, WA food* high VU VU Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); Spier (2016) 1828) Lutjanus griseus (Linnaeus, WA+Ca food* moderate - LC Spier (2016) 1758) Lutjanus jocu (Bloch & Ta food* high to very NT DD Spier (2016) Schneider, 1801) high Lutjanus synagris (Linnaeus, WA+Ca food* moderate NT NT Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); 1758) Hackradt et al. (2011); Spier (2016) Rhomboplites aurorubens WA+Ca food moderate to NT VU Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); (Cuvier, 1829) high Hackradt et al. (2011); Rossi- Wongtschowski et al. (2014) Lobotidae Lobotes surinamensis (Bloch, CT food* low to moderate - LC Carniel (2008); Spier (2016) 1790) Gerreidae Diapterus auratus Ranzani, WA food* low to moderate - LC Corrêa et al. (1986); Spier (2016) 1842 Diapterus rhombeus (Cuvier, Ca+Br food* moderate - LC Chaves et al. (2003); Godefroid et al. 1829) (2004); Gomes & Chaves (2006); Santos (2006); Felix et al. (2007); Carniel (2008); Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); Schwarz- Junior (2009); Rossi-Wongtschowski et al. (2014); Santos et al. (2016) Eucinostomus argenteus Baird WA+EP food* low - LC Chaves et al. (2003); Godefroid et al. & Girard, 1855 (2004); Gomes & Chaves (2006); Santos (2006); Felix et al. (2007); Carniel (2008); Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); Schwarz- Junior (2009); Hackradt et al. (2011); Rossi-Wongtschowski et al. (2014); Santos et al. (2016) Eucinostomus gula (Quoy & WA food* low to moderate - LC Chaves et al. (2003); Santos (2006); Gaimard, 1824) Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Ulaema lefroyi (Goode, 1874) Ca+Br food* low - LC Félix et al. (2007) Eucinostomus melanopterus TA food* low to moderate - LC Gomes & Chaves (2006); Felix et al. (Bleeker, 1863) (2007); Carniel (2008); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Eugerres brasilianus (Cuvier, WA food* moderate - LC Corrêa et al. (1986), Carniel (2008) 1830) Haemulidae Anisotremus surinamensis WA aquarium / food* high DD DD Chaves et al. (2003); Godefroid et al. (Bloch, 1791) (2004); Gomes & Chaves (2006); Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012); Spier (2016) Anisotremus virginicus WA aquarium moderate - LC Carniel (2008); Hackradt & Hackradt (Linnaeus, 1758) (2009); Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012); Spier (2016) Conodon nobilis (Linnaeus, WA aquarium low to moderate - LC Chaves et al. (2003); Godefroid et al. 1758) (2004); Gomes & Chaves (2006); Santos (2006); Felix et al. (2007); Carniel (2008); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Genyatremus luteus (Bloch, Ca+Br food* low to moderate - DD Corrêa et al. (1986), Carniel (2008) 1790) Haemulon aurolineatum Cuvier, WA food* moderate - LC Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); 1830 Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012); Spier (2016)

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Table 2. Continued... Conservation Conservation Geographic Economic Vulnerability Orders/Families/Species status status Source Distribution Importance FishBase MMA - 445 IUCN Haemulopsis corvinaeformis WA aquarium low to moderate - LC Godefroid et al. (2004); Gomes & Chaves (Steindachner 1868) (2006); Santos (2006); Felix et al. (2007); Carniel (2008); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Haemulon steindachneri SWA+Ca aquarium low to moderate - LC Godefroid et al. (2004); Hackradt & (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882) Hackradt (2009); Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012); Spier (2016) Orthopristis ruber (Cuvier, 1830) SWA+Ca aquarium moderate - LC Chaves et al. (2003); Godefroid et al. (2004); Santos (2006); Carniel (2008); Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); Schwarz- Junior (2009); Hackradt et al. (2011); Rossi-Wongtschowski et al. (2014); Santos et al. (2016); Spier (2016) Sparidae Archosargus probatocephalus WA food* moderate DD LC Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); (Walbaum, 1792) Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012); Spier (2016) Archosargus rhomboidalis WA aquarium* moderate - LC Carniel (2008); Spier (2016) (Linnaeus, 1758) Diplodus argenteus argenteus WA food* low to moderate - LC Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); (Valenciennes, 1830) Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012); Spier (2016) Sciaenidae Bairdiella ronchus (Cuvier, 1830) Ca+Br animal feed low to moderate - LC Chaves et al. (2003); Godefroid et al. (2004); Gomes & Chaves (2006); Santos (2006); Carniel (2008); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Ctenosciaena gracilicirrhus Ca+Br animal feed low - LC Gomes & Chaves (2006); Santos (2006); (Metzelaar, 1919) Felix et al. (2007); Carniel (2008); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Cynoscion acoupa (Lacepède, SWA+Ca food* high NT LC Gomes & Chaves (2006); Santos (2006); 1801) Carniel (2008); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016); Spier (2016) Cynoscion jamaicensis (Vaillant SWA+Ca food* moderate - LC Godefroid et al. (2004); Gomes & Chaves & Bocourt, 1883) (2006); Santos (2006); Carniel (2008); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Cynoscion leiarchus (Cuvier, Ca+Br food* high - LC Chaves et al. (2003); Godefroid et al. 1830) (2004); Gomes & Chaves (2006); Santos (2006); Carniel (2008); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Cynoscion microlepidotus Br food* high - LC Godefroid et al. (2004); Gomes & Chaves (Cuvier, 1830) (2006); Santos (2006); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Cynoscion striatus (Cuvier, 1829) SSWA food* moderate to - NE Carniel (2008) high Cynoscion virescens (Cuvier, Ca+Br food* high - LC Gomes & Chaves (2006); Santos (2006); 1830) Carniel (2008); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Isopisthus parvipinnis (Cuvier, Ca+Br food* low - LC Chaves et al. (2003); Godefroid et al. 1830) (2004); Gomes & Chaves (2006); Santos (2006); Carniel (2008); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Larimus breviceps Cuvier, 1830 Ca+Br food* low to moderate - LC Chaves et al. (2003); Godefroid et al. (2004); Gomes & Chaves (2006); Santos (2006); Felix et al. (2007); Carniel (2008); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016)

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Table 2. Continued... Conservation Conservation Geographic Economic Vulnerability Orders/Families/Species status status Source Distribution Importance FishBase MMA - 445 IUCN Macrodon ancylodon (Bloch & WA food* moderate - LC Chaves et al. (2003); Godefroid et al. Schneider 1801) (2004); Santos (2006); Carniel (2008); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Menticirrhus americanus WA aquarium / food* high DD LC Chaves et al. (2003); Godefroid et al. (Linnaeus, 1758) (2004); Gomes & Chaves (2006); Santos (2006); Felix et al. (2007); Carniel (2008); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Rossi- Wongtschowski et al. (2014); Santos et al. (2016) Menticirrhus littoralis (Holbrook, WA food* low to moderate DD LC Godefroid et al. (2004); Gomes & Chaves 1847) (2006); Santos (2006); Felix et al. (2007); Carniel (2008); Santos et al. (2016) Micropogonias furnieri SWA+Ca food* moderate - LC Chaves et al. (2003); Gomes & Chaves (Desmarest, 1823) (2006); Santos (2006); Felix et al. (2007); Carniel (2008); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Rossi-Wongtschowski et al. (2014); Santos et al. (2016); Spier (2016) Nebris microps Cuvier, 1830 Br food* moderate - LC Chaves et al. (2003); Godefroid et al. (2004); Gomes & Chaves (2006); Santos (2006); Carniel (2008); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Odontoscion dentex (Cuvier, WA aquarium* low - LC Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); 1830) Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012); Spier (2016) Ophioscion punctatissimus Meek Ca+Br food* low to moderate DD LC Chaves et al. (2003); Godefroid et al. & Hildebrand, 1925 (2004); Gomes & Chaves (2006); Felix et al. (2007); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Paralonchurus brasiliensis SWA+Ca aquarium low - LC Corrêa et al. (1986); Chaves et al. (2003); (Steindachner, 1875) Godefroid et al. (2004); Gomes & Chaves (2006); Santos (2006); Felix et al. (2007); Carniel (2008); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Pareques acuminatus (Bloch & WA aquarium low DD LC Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); Schneider, 1801) Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012); Spier (2016) Pogonias cromis (Linnaeus, WA food* high EN LC Godefroid et al. (2004); Santos (2006); 1766) Santos et al. (2016) Stellifer brasiliensis (Schultz, Br animal feed low - NE Chaves et al. (2003); Godefroid et al. 1945) (2004); Gomes & Chaves (2006); Santos (2006); Carniel (2008); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Stellifer rastrifer (Jordan, 1889) SSWA+Br animal feed low - LC Chaves et al. (2003); Godefroid et al. (2004); Gomes & Chaves (2006); Santos (2006); Felix et al. (2007); Carniel (2008); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Stellifer stellifer (Bloch, 1790) Br animal feed low - DD Chaves et al. (2003); Godefroid et al. (2004); Gomes & Chaves (2006); Carniel (2008); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Umbrina canosai Berg, 1895 SSWA food* low to moderate - NE Godefroid et al. (2004) Umbrina coroides Cuvier, 1830 WA food* low - LC Felix et al. (2007); Schwarz Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Polynemidae Polydactylus oligodon (Günther, WA food* low - LC Godefroid et al. (2004); Schwarz Junior 1860) (2009); Santos et al. (2016)

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Table 2. Continued... Conservation Conservation Geographic Economic Vulnerability Orders/Families/Species status status Source Distribution Importance FishBase MMA - 445 IUCN Polydactylus virginicus WA food* low - LC Chaves et al. (2003); Godefroid et al. (Linnaeus, 1758) (2004); Felix et al. (2007); Carniel (2008); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016); Spier (2016) Mullidae Mullus argentinae Hubbs & SSWA aquarium low - NE Santos (2006); Schwarz Junior (2009); Marini, 1933 Santos et al. (2016) Pseudupeneus maculatus WA food* moderate - LC Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); (Bloch, 1793) Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012); Spier (2016) Mugilidae Mugil curema Valenciennes, TA+EP food* high DD LC Corrêa et al. (1986); Carniel (2008); Spier 1836 (2016) Mugil liza Valenciennes, 1836 WA food* moderate NT DD Carniel (2008); Spier (2016) Pomacentridae Abudefduf saxatilis (Linnaeus, TA aquarium low to moderate - LC Corrêa et al. (1986); Hackradt & Hackradt 1758) (2009); Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012); Spier (2016) Chromis multilineata TA aquarium low - LC Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); (Guichenot, 1853) Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012); Spier (2016) Stegastes fuscus (Cuvier, 1830) Br aquarium low - LC Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012); Spier (2016) Stegastes pictus (Castelnau, Ca+Br aquarium low - NE Daros et al. (2012) 1855) Stegastes variabilis (Castelnau, WA aquarium low - NE Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); 1855) Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012); Spier (2016) Uranoscopidae Astroscopus y-graecum (Cuvier, WA food* high - LC Santos (2006); Felix et al. (2007); Schwarz 1829) Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Pinguipedidae Pseudopercis semifasciata SSWA food high DD NE Godefroid et al. (2004) (Cuvier, 1829) Blenniidae Hypleurochilus fissicornis SSWA+Br No low - LC Schwarz Junior (2009); Santos et al. (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) (2016); Spier (2016) Hypsoblennius invemar Smith- WA aquarium low - LC Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); Vaniz & Acero P., 1980 Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012) Ophioblennius trinitatis Br aquarium low - LC Daros et al. (2012) Miranda Ribeiro, 1919 Parablennius marmoreus (Poey, WA aquarium low - LC Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); 1876) Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012); Spier (2016) Parablennius pilicornis TA aquarium low - LC Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); (Cuvier, 1829) Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012); Spier (2016) Scartella cristata (Linnaeus, CT aquarium low - LC Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); Daros et al. 1758) (2012); Spier (2016) Gobiidae Bathygobius soporator TA aquarium low to moderate - LC Corrêa et al. (1986); Carniel (2008); (Valenciennes, 1837) Hackradt & Hackradt (2009) Coryphopterus glaucofraenum WA aquarium low - LC Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); Gill, 1863 Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012); Spier (2016) Microgobius meeki Evermann Ca+Br No low - LC Santos (2006); Santos et al. (2016) & Marsh, 1899 Ephippidae

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Table 2. Continued... Conservation Conservation Geographic Economic Vulnerability Orders/Families/Species status status Source Distribution Importance FishBase MMA - 445 IUCN Chaetodipterus faber WA aquarium / food* high - LC Chaves et al. (2003); Godefroid et al. (Broussonet, 1782) (2004); Gomes & Chaves (2006); Santos (2006); Felix et al. (2007); Carniel (2008); Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012); Rossi- Wongtschowski et al. (2014); Santos et al. (2016); Spier (2016) Acanthuridae Acanthurus bahianus Castelnau, WA aquarium low to moderate - LC Corrêa et al. (1986); Hackradt & Hackradt 1855 (2009); Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012) Acanthurus chirurgus (Bloch, TA aquarium low - LC Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); 1787) Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012); Spier (2016) Acanthurus coeruleus Bloch & WA aquarium high - LC Daros et al. (2012); Spier (2016) Schneider, 1801 Sphyraenidae Sphyraena barracuda TA food* very high - LC Spier (2016) (Edwards, 1771) Sphyraena guachancho Cuvier, TA food* very high - LC Chaves et al. (2003); Godefroid et al. 1829 (2004); Gomes & Chaves (2006); Santos (2006); Carniel (2008); Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Hackradt et al. (2011); Rossi- Wongtschowski et al. (2014); Santos et al. (2016) Sphyraena picudilla Poey, 1860 WA food* moderate to DD NE Chaves et al. (2003) high Sphyraena tome Fowler, 1903 SSWA food* low to moderate DD NE Santos (2006); Felix et al. (2007); Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Gempylidae Thyrsitops lepidopoides SSWA food* moderate - NE Rossi-Wongtschowski et al. (2014) (Cuvier, 1832) Trichiuridae Trichiurus lepturus Linnaeus, CT food* high - LC Chaves et al. (2003); Godefroid et al. 1758 (2004); Gomes & Chaves (2006); Santos (2006); Felix et al. (2007); Carniel (2008); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Rossi- Wongtschowski et al. (2014); Santos et al. (2016); Spier (2016) Scombridae Scomber colias Gmelin, 1789 Ta food* moderate - LC Rossi-Wongtschowski et al. (2014) Scomberomorus brasiliensis WA food* high to very - LC Felix et al. (2007); Hackradt & Hackradt Collette, Russo & Zavala- high (2009); Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. Camin, 1978 (2012); Rossi-Wongtschowski et al. (2014); Spier (2016) Scomberomorus cavalla WA food* high to very - LC Carniel (2008); Hackradt & Hackradt (Cuvier, 1829) high (2009); Hackradt et al. (2011); Spier (2016) Stromateidae Peprilus paru (Linnaeus, 1758) WA food* low to moderate - LC Chaves et al. (2003); Godefroid et al. (2004); Gomes & Chaves (2006); Santos (2006); Carniel (2008); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Rossi-Wongtschowski et al. (2014); Santos et al. (2016); Spier (2016) Pempheridae

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Table 2. Continued... Conservation Conservation Geographic Economic Vulnerability Orders/Families/Species status status Source Distribution Importance FishBase MMA - 445 IUCN Pempheris schomburgkii Müller WA aquarium low - LC Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); & Troschel, 1848 Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012); Spier (2016) Chaetodontidae Chaetodon striatus Linnaeus, WA aquarium low - LC Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); 1758 Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012); Spier (2016) Pomacanthidae Pomacanthus paru (Bloch, WA aquarium moderate DD LC Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); 1787) Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012); Spier (2016) Labridae Bodianus rufus (Linnaeus, WA aquarium low - LC Daros et al. (2012); Spier (2016) 1758) Halichoeres brasiliensis (Bloch, SWA aquarium moderate to - DD Spier (2016) 1791) high Halichoeres poeyi WA aquarium low - LC Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); (Steindachner, 1867) Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012); Spier (2016) Scaridae Sparisoma amplum (Ranzani, Br aquarium moderate NT LC Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); 1841) Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012) Sparisoma axillare Br aquarium moderate VU DD Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); (Steindachner, 1878) Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012); Spier (2016) Sparisoma frondosum (Agassiz, Ca+Br aquarium low to moderate VU DD Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); 1831) Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012); Spier (2016) Sparisoma radians WA aquarium low - LC Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); Daros et al. (Valenciennes, 1840) (2012) Labrisomidae Labrisomus nuchipinnis (Quoy TA aquarium low - LC Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); & Gaimard, 1824) Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012); Spier (2016) Malacoctenus delalandii WA No low - LC Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); (Valenciennes, 1836) Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012); Spier (2016) Paraclinus spectator Guimarães Br No low - LC Daros et al. (2012) & Bacellar, 2002 Pleuronectiformes Paralichthyidae Citharichthys arenaceus WA animal feed low - LC Chaves et al. (2003); Gomes & Chaves Evermann & Marsh, 1900 (2006); Santos (2006); Felix et al. (2007); Carniel (2008); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Citharichthys macrops Dresel, WA animal feed low - LC Santos (2006); Felix et al. (2007); 1885 Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Citharichthys spilopterus WA animal feed low - LC Chaves et al. (2003); Godefroid et al. Günther, 1862 (2004); Gomes & Chaves (2006); Santos (2006); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Etropus crossotus Jordan & WA+EP animal feed low - LC Chaves et al. (2003); Godefroid et al. Gilbert, 1882 (2004); Gomes & Chaves (2006); Santos (2006); Felix et al. (2007); Carniel (2008); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Paralichthys brasiliensis SWA food moderate to - NE Godefroid et al. (2004) (Ranzani, 1842) high Paralichthys orbignyanus SSWA food moderate to DD NE Carniel (2008) (Valenciennes, 1839) high

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Table 2. Continued... Conservation Conservation Geographic Economic Vulnerability Orders/Families/Species status status Source Distribution Importance FishBase MMA - 445 IUCN Paralichthys patagonicus SSWA+EP food low to moderate NT NE Santos (2006); Santos et al. (2016) Jordan, 1889 Syacium micrurum Ranzani, Ca+Br food moderate - LC Schwarz Junior (2009); Santos et al. 1842 (2016) Syacium papillosum (Linnaeus, WA animal feed low to moderate - LC Chaves et al. (2003); Santos (2006); 1758) Felix et al. (2007); Carniel (2008); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Bothidae Bothus robinsi Topp & Hoff, WA animal feed low to moderate - LC Chaves et al. (2003) 1972 Pleuronectidae Oncopterus darwinii SSWA animal feed moderate - NE Godefroid et al. (2004); Santos (2006); Steindachner, 1874 Felix et al. (2007); Santos et al. (2016) Achiridae Achirus declivis Chabanaud, WA animal feed low - LC Gomes & Chaves (2006); Santos (2006); 1940 Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Achirus lineatus (Linnaeus, WA aquarium low to moderate - LC Chaves et al. (2003); Godefroid et al. 1758) (2004); Gomes & Chaves (2006); Santos (2006); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Trinectes microphthalmus Ca+Br animal feed low - LC Chaves et al. (2003); Godefroid et al. (Chabanaud, 1928) (2004); Santos (2006); Carniel (2008); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Trinectes paulistanus (Miranda Ca+Br animal feed low - LC Godefroid et al. (2004); Gomes & Chaves Ribeiro, 1915) (2006); Santos (2006); Carniel (2008); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Cynoglossidae Symphurus diomedeanus WA animal feed low to moderate - LC Corrêa et al. (1986) (Goode & Bean, 1885) Symphurus plagusia (Bloch & Ca+Br animal feed low to moderate - LC Godefroid et al. (2004) Schneider, 1801) Symphurus tessellatus (Quoy & Ca+SSWA+Br animal feed moderate - LC Chaves et al. (2003); Godefroid et al. Gaimard, 1824) (2004); Gomes & Chaves (2006); Santos (2006); Carniel (2008); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Tetraodontiformes Balistidae Balistes capriscus Gmelin, TA food* low to moderate NT VU Chaves et al. (2003); Hackradt & Hackradt 1789 (2009); Hackradt et al. (2011); Rossi- Wongtschowski et al. (2014); Spier (2016) Monacanthidae Aluterus monoceros (Linnaeus, CT food* high NT LC Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); Spier (2016) 1758) Monacanthus ciliatus (Mitchill, TA food low to moderate - LC Godefroid et al. (2004) 1818) Stephanolepis hispidus TA aquarium* low to moderate - LC Chaves et al. (2003); Santos (2006); (Linnaeus, 1766) Felix et al. (2007); Carniel (2008); Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012); Rossi- Wongtschowski et al. (2014); Santos et al. (2016); Spier (2016)

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Table 2. Continued... Conservation Conservation Geographic Economic Vulnerability Orders/Families/Species status status Source Distribution Importance FishBase MMA - 445 IUCN Tetraodontidae Lagocephalus laevigatus TA aquarium* high - LC Chaves et al. (2003); Godefroid et al. (Linnaeus, 1766) (2004); Gomes & Chaves (2006); Santos (2006); Carniel (2008); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Sphoeroides greeleyi Gilbert, Ca+Br aquarium low - LC Chaves et al. (2003); Godefroid et al. 1900 (2004); Gomes & Chaves (2006); Santos (2006); Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); Hackradt et al. (2011); Santos et al. (2016) Sphoeroides spengleri (Bloch, TA aquarium low to moderate - LC Santos (2006); Hackradt & Hackradt 1785) (2009); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012); Santos et al. (2016); Spier (2016) Sphoeroides testudineus WA aquarium / food* low DD LC Godefroid et al. (2004); Gomes & (Linnaeus, 1758) Chaves (2006); Santos (2006); Felix et al. (2007); Carniel (2008); Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); Schwarz-Junior (2009); Santos et al. (2016) Diodontidae Chilomycterus spinosus SWA aquarium low to moderate - LC Chaves et al. (2003); Santos (2006); spinosus (Linnaeus, 1758) Felix et al. (2007); Carniel (2008); Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); Schwarz- Junior (2009); Hackradt et al. (2011); Rossi-Wongtschowski et al. (2014); Santos et al. (2016) Molidae Ranzania laevis (Pennant, TA+EP No moderate to - LC Spier (2016) 1776) high Beryciformes Holocentridae Holocentrus adscensionis TA aquarium low to moderate - LC Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); (Osbeck, 1765) Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012); Spier (2016) Gasterosteiformes Fistulariidae Fistularia tabacaria Linnaeus, TA aquarium high to very - LC Hackradt & Hackradt (2009); 1758 high Hackradt et al. (2011); Daros et al. (2012); Spier (2016)

Cynoscion (6) and Carcharhinus (6) were the dominant genus in number animal feed. In short, of 253 species of economic interest in Brazil, only of species, followed by Anchoa (5), Gymnothorax (5) and Lutjanus (5). 144 are exploited in the State of Paraná (Figure 3). The geographic distribution of species across the different categories A total of 61% of species were categorized as having low to moderate defined in the previous section are illustrated in Figure 2. Many of the vulnerability to extinction, and 39% ranged from moderate to very high recorded species are widely distributed over the Western Atlantic, and can vulnerability (Table 2). Most Elasmobranchii (29 species) were highly or be further separated into two groups with distinct distribution: the first, characteristic of the Caribbean fauna, is also found in the Caribbean and very highly vulnerable. Among the Perciformes, 50 of the 146 species were Brazilian Province; and the second, with temperate affinities, is characteristic classified as having moderate to very high vulnerability. Considering both of the Southern Southwest Atlantic, including Argentina and Uruguay. red lists, 82% of catalogued species in Paraná’s inner shelf were assessed In terms of Brazilian economic importance, 156 species (57%) are used for their risk of extinction. Two hundred and forty-two species occurring for human consumption, 74 species (27%) for aquaria and 30 species (11%) in the shallow inner continental shelf of Paraná appear in the red list of the for animal feed. Only 19 species (7%) have no commercial importance International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN 2017), where 185 are in Brazil. In the State of Paraná, on the other hand, only 57% of species listed as least concern, 17 as data deficient, 12 as near threatened, 17 as of economic interest in Brazil are exploited. In particular, 21 species vulnerable, 8 as endangered, and 3 as critically endangered. The Brazilian used for human consumption in other parts of Brazil have no economic importance in Paraná. Moreover, the aquaria and animal feed industries Ministry of Environment (MMA 2014) classified substantially less species in are relatively underdeveloped, with only 9 of 74 potentially viable species the area (85 species), however with higher risk of extinction (12 vulnerable, used in aquaria, and 4 of 30 potentially viable species commercialized for 7 endangered, 15 critically endangered) (Figure 4). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2017-0385 http://www.scielo.br/bn 20 Biota Neotrop., 18(2): e20170385, 2018

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their respective economic importance and vulnerability to extinction. Such comprehensive assessment is still lacking for Paraná’s shallow inner continental shelf, in Southern Brazil, home to several threatened species. In an attempt to remedy this situation, this study compiled the results of surveys of Paraná’s shallow inner continental shelf performed over the past 30 years, providing a comprehensive checklist of fish species, along with information on biogeography, conservation status, economic importance and degree of species’ vulnerability. Extracting correlations between the various factors that could influence species vulnerability to extinction, and hence pinpointing its causes, is beyond the scope if this work. Nonetheless, we believe that our checklist provides valuable information for future studies on the ecology and conservation of the fish fauna of the area. In our study, we have confirmed a rich fauna of Elasmobranchii in the continental shelf of Paraná, comprising 24% of Brazilian’s elasmobranch fauna (Rosa & Gadig 2014). Several elasmobranchs that occur in Paraná Figure 2. Geographic distribution of the species recorded in the shallow inner seem to use the southern coast of Brazil for reproduction (Bornatowski continental shelf of Paraná. CT = Circumtropical, TA = Trans-Atlantic, WA = Western Atlantic, SWA = Southwest Atlantic, SSWA = Southern Southwest Atlantic, & Abilhoa 2012). Vooren et al. (2005) recorded 21 species that use areas Ca = Caribbean, Br = Brazilian Province, EP = Eastern Pacific. on the southern continental shelf for reproduction. It is suspected that several species also use Paraná’s coast as parturition and nursery grounds, such as Carcharhinus limbatus, Rhizoprionodon lalandii, Sphyrna lewini, Narcine brasiliensis, Rioraja agassizi, Pseudobatos percellens and Zapteryx brevirostris. According to Castello (1994), the coastal fish fauna in Southeastern and Southern Brazil is composed of a mixture of species with tropical to subantarctic affinities, explaining the richness of the fish fauna in Paraná’s inner shelf. Among the Actinopterygii, Sciaenidae was the most representative family in other continental shelves of Brazil (Rocha & Rossi-Wongtschowski 1998; Muto et al. 2000; Moraes et al. 2009) and its occurrence in Paraná’s inner continental shelf is associated with Coastal Water (Muto et al. 2000). Sciaenidae and Carangidae were also the most speciose families in both estuaries of the region: the PEC Figure 3. Number of catalogued species with economic importance in the State (Passos et al. 2012) and the Guaratuba Bay (Chaves & Corrêa 1998; of Paraná only, versus the number with economic importance in Brazil overall. Chaves & Vendel 2001). In Brazilian waters, there are 37 species of Sciaenidae and 25 species of Cynoscion, with 25 species of Sciaenidae and 9 of Cynoscion occurring in Paraná (Nelson et al. 2016). That means that only three species of Cynoscion do not occur, or were not registered, in the State of Paraná. Cynoscion guatucupa, for instance, is not listed in this checklist, but its range of occurrence goes from southeastern Brazil to Uruguay. The other two Cynoscion species (C. similis and C. steindachneri) only occur in the Northern Brazilian coast (Nelson et al. 2016). Fishery activities on the coast of Paraná are mostly artisanal or small-scale commercial operations, mainly utilizing two basic types of gear, gillnets and bottom trawl-nets (IPARDES 1981; Andriguetto-Filho 2002; Chaves & Robert 2003; Robert & Chaves 2006; Andriguetto-Filho et al. 2009). They target different resources over the year based on seasonal changes in species abundance and tourism (Robert & Chaves 2006). Trawling targets shrimp, Xiphopenaus kroyeri (Heller, 1862), Litopenaeus schmitti Figure 4. Global conservation status according to IUCN (2017) and National (Burkenroad 1936) and Farfantepenaeus sp. (Branco & Verani 2006; conservation status according to MMA (2014): NE= not evaluated, LC= least concern, NT = near threatened, DD = data deficient, VU = vulnerable, EN= endangered, Robert et al. 2007), while gillnetting targets mainly teleosts and elasmobranchs CR = critically endangered. such as Carcharhiniformes and Rhinobatidae (Costa & Chaves 2006; Robert & Chaves 2006; Bornatowski & Abilhoa 2012). A considerable number of species (109) with economic importance in Brazil are not Discussion commercialized in Paraná. These species can be considered as bycatch in the region, following Guanais et al. (2015) who define bycatch as the The vastness of the Brazilian coast and its large ecosystem and portion of the total catch that is effectively discarded. Sciaenidae, such as biodiversity contributed to a false perception of inexhaustible fishing Ctenosciaena gracilicirrhus, Isopisthus parvipinnis, Larimus breviceps, resources, and the misguided adoption of policies that neglected resource Menticirrhus americanus, Paralonchurus brasiliensis, Stellifer brasiliensis sustainability and focused primarily on species of commercial importance and Stellifer rastrifer, although reported as shrimp bycatch in other studies (Nahum et al. 2009). A necessary step towards implementing better informed (Cattani et al. 2011; Santos et al. 2016), have some economic importance policies is to obtain an accurate assessment of species occurrence, and in the region. http://www.scielo.br/bn http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2017-0385 Biota Neotrop., 18(2): e20170385, 2018 21

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The lack of risk assessment for 18% of the species catalogued in this BORNATOWSKI, H., ABILHOA, V. & CHARVET-ALMEIDA, P. 2009. study under global lists can be attributed to the lack of studies on basic Elasmobranchs of the Paraná Coast, southern Brazil, south-western Atlantic. biology, habitat requirement, abundance, and distribution (Lamas et al. Mar. Biodivers. Rec. 2:e158. 2016), as well as lacking fishery statistics (discontinued in 2012) (Dario et al. BORNATOWSKI, H. & ABILHOA, V. 2012. Tubarões e raias capturadospela pesca 2015; Barreto et al. 2017). Therefore, is imperative that fishery monitoring artesanal no Paraná: guia de identificação. Curitiba, Paraná: Hori Consultoria Ambiental. Available from: http://www.hori.bio.br/cadernos/23-HCT4.pdf. programs be reinstated in Brazil to allow for science-based management (Dario et al. 2015). BORNATOWSKI, H., BRAGA, R.R., ABILHOA, V. & CORRÊA, M.F.M. 2014a. Feeding ecology and trophic comparisons of six shark species in a coastal We conclude with a few cautionary comments. First of all, the sampling ecosystem off southern Brazil. J. Fish Biol. 85(2):246–263. methods and sampling efforts varied across the different studies compiled BORNATOWSKI, H., SANTOS, L., ROBERT, M.D.C. & WEISER, P.A. 2014b. in this checklist, and therefore comparisons of their results, or statistical Occurrence of the narrowmouth catshark Schroederichthys bivius (Chondrichthyes: inferences based on combined results, are not straightforward to make. Scyliorhinidae) in southern Brazil. Mar. Biodivers. Rec. 7:e51. Hard conclusions should not be drawn before taking such systematic BRANCO, J.O. & VERANI, J.R. 2006. Pesca do camarão sete-barbas e sua fauna differences into account. Secondly, the sampling areas also differed across acompanhante, na Armação do Itapocoroy, Penha, SC. In: Bases ecológicas studies, so it was not possible to draw conclusions regarding temporal para um desenvolvimento sustentável: estudos de caso em Penha, SC. J. O. variations of species’ occurrence. Nonetheless, our results, combined with Branco, A. W. C. Marenzi (Eds). Editora UNIVALI (Universidade do Vale effective monitoring of fishing activities, deposition of dredged sediments, do Itajaí), Itajaıí, SC, pp. 153–170. and deployment of artificial habitats, could inform policy making regarding BRANDINI, F. 2014. Marine biodiversity and sustainability of fishing resources management and administration of the fishery resources of the Brazilian in Brazil: a case study of the coast of Paraná state. Reg. Environ. Chang. continental shelf. 14(6):2127–2137. BRIGGS, J.C. & BOWEN, B.W. 2012. A realignment of marine biogeographic provinces with particular reference to fish distributions. J Biogeogr 39:12−30. Acknowledgements CARNIEL, V.L. 2008. Interação de aves costeiras com descartes oriundos da We are grateful to the Geological Oceanography Laboratory at the pesca artesanal no litoral centro-sul Paranáense. Dissertação de Mestrado, Center for Marine Studies, UFPR, for providing its map database. We are Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Paraná. also indebted to Pâmela Emanuelly Cattani for her help with maps. The CARVALHO-FILHO, A., SANTOS, S. & SAMPAIO, I. 2010. Macrodon atricauda work of Daphne Spier were partially supported by a PhD’s grant from the (Günther, 1880) (Perciformes: Sciaenidae), a valid species from the southwestern Atlantic, with comments on its conservation. Zootaxa. 2519:48–58. Coordination for Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES- Brazil). CASTELLO, J.P. 1994. Oceanografia Biológica (nécton). In Diagnóstico ambiental oceânico e costeiro das regiões sul e sudeste do Brasil. N. Yamaguti, M. Corrêa, & B. Ledo, Eds. Rio Grande do Sul. 361–379. Authors’ Contributions CATTANI, A.P., SANTOS, L.O., SPACH, H.L., BUDEL, B.R. & GUANAIS, Substantial contribution in the concept and design of the study: Daphne J.H.D.G. 2011. Avaliação da ictiofauna da fauna acompanhante da pesca do camarão sete-barbas do município de Pontal do Paraná, litoral do Paraná, Spier, Henry Spach Brasil. Bol. do Inst. da Pesca. 37(2):247–260. Contribution to data collection: Daphne Spier, Humberto Gerum, CEPENE. 2005. Lista de peixes marinhos e estuarinos permitidos à captura. 3(1) Natalia Mattos, Hugo Bornatowski (http://ibama.gov.br/biodiversidade-aquatica/aquariofilia/lista-de-peixes- Contribution to data analysis and interpretation: Daphne Spier, Humberto permitidos-para-pesca?id=969) Gerum, Riguel Contente, Hugo Bornatowski CHAVES, P.T.C. & CORRÊA, M.F.M. 1998. Composição ictiofaunística da Contribution to manuscript preparation: All authors área de manguezal da Baía de Guaratuba, Paraná, Brasil. Rev. Bras. Zool. Contribution to critical revision, adding intelectual content: All authors 15(1):195–202. CHAVES, P.T.C. & ROBERT, M.C. 2003. Embarcações, artes e procedimentos Conflicts of interest da pesca artesanal no litoral Sul do Estado do Paraná, Brasil (Boats, gears and procedures of the artisanal fishing at the southern coast of Paraná state, The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest related to the Brazil). Atlântica, 25: 53–59. publication of this manuscript. CHAVES, P.T.C. & VENDEL, A.L. 2001. Nota complementar sobre a composição ictiofaunística da Baía de Guaratuba, Paraná, Brasil. Rev. Bras. Zool. 18(suppl References 1):349–352. CHAVES, P.T.C., COVA-GRANDO, G. & CALLUF, C. 2003. Demersal ichthyofauna ANDRIGUETTO-FILHO, J.M. 2002. Sistemas técnicos de pesca no litoral do in a continental shelf region on the south coast of Brazil exposed to shrimp Paraná: caracterização e tipificação. In: Desenvolvimento e meio ambiente: trawl fisheries. Acta Biol. 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SANTOS, C., CORTELLET, G.M., ARAUJO, K.C. & SPACH, H.L. 2006. SPIER, D. 2016. Integrating ecological niche modelling and beta diversity Estrutura populacional da raia-viola Zapteryx brevirostris (Chondrichthyes, analysis in marine systems management. PhD Thesis, Federal University Rhinobatidae) na plataforma adjacente à Baía de Paranaguá, PR. Acta Biol. of Paraná, Paraná. Leopondensia. 28(1):32–37. VOOREN C.M., KLIPPEL S. and GALINA A.B. 2005. Elasmobrânquios das águas SANTOS, L. O., CATTANI, A.P. & SPACH, H.L. 2016. Ictiofauna acompanhante costeiras da Plataforma Sul. In Vooren C.M. and Klippel S. (eds) Ações para da pesca de arrasto para embarcações acima de 45 hp no litoral do Paraná, conservação de tubarões e raias no sul do Brasil, Capítulo 7. Porto Alegre: Brasil. Bol. do Inst. Pesca. 42(4):816–830. Igará, pp. 114–120. SCHWARZ-JUNIOR, R. 2009. Composição, estrutura e abundância da ictiofauna capturada com redes de arrasto de portas na plataforma continental interna rasa do litoral do Paraná. PhD Thesis, Federal University of Paraná, Paraná. Received: 19/05/2017 SMITH, W.L. & CRAIG, M.T. 2007. Casting the Percomorph Net Widely: The Revised: 12/01/2018 Importance of Broad Taxonomic Sampling in the Search for the Placement Accepted: 24/01/2018 of Serranid and Percid Fishes. Copeia. (1):35–55. Published online: 01/03/2018

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