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Ichthyofauna of the Inner Shelf of Paraná, Brazil: Checklist, Geographic Distribution, Economic Importance and Conservation Status

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Ichthyofauna of the Inner Shelf of Paraná, Brazil: Checklist, Geographic Distribution, Economic Importance and Conservation Status Biota Neotropica 18(2): e20170385, 2018 www.scielo.br/bn ISSN 1676-0611 (online edition) Article Ichthyofauna of the inner shelf of Paraná, Brazil: checklist, geographic distribution, economic importance and conservation status Daphne Spier1* , Humberto Luiz Nadolny Gerum5, Hugo Bornatowski1, Riguel Contente2, Natalia A S Mattos3, Ciro C Vilar4 & Henry Louis Spach1 1Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro de Estudos do Mar, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas Costeiros e Oceânicos, Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brasil 2Instituto Federal do Pará, Campus Marabá Industrial, Marabá, PA, Brasil 3Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, São Paulo, SP, Brasil 4Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Departamento de Oceanografia e Ecologia, Vitória, ES, Brasil 5Associação de Pescadores e Aquicultores de Pontal do Sul, Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brasil *Corresponding author: Daphne Spier, e-mail: [email protected] SPIER, D., GERUM, H. L. N., BORNATOWSKI, H., CONTENTE, R., MATTOS, N. A. S., VILAR, C. C., SPACH, H. L. Ichthyofauna of the inner shelf of Paraná, Brazil: checklist, geographic distribution, economic importance and conservation status. Biota Neotropica. 18(2) e20170385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2017-0385 Abstract: Comprehensive species checklists are essential to effectively implementing preservation and recovery measures, and should assess conservation status, vulnerability degree and anthropogenic threats. This checklist was compiled from fish species recorded in surveys conducted over the last 30 years in the shallow inner continental shelf in the State of Paraná, Brazil. Information on biogeography, conservation status, economic importance and degree of species’ vulnerability are provided. A total of 272 fish species were recorded, spanning 25 orders and 88 families. The most speciose family was Sciaenidae (25 species), followed by Carangidae (23), Engraulidae (10), Carcharhinidae (9), Epinephelidae (9) and Paralichthyidae (9). Most species occurring in Paraná’s shallow inner continental shelf are restricted to the West Atlantic. In terms of economic importance, 93% (253) of the species recorded were of fishery, aquaculture or aquaria interest. A notable fraction (39%) of the recorded species was classified as having moderate to very high vulnerability to extinction. In particular, 28 species (10%) were listed as globally endangered, and 34 species (12%) were listed as endangered in the Brazilian territory. Keywords: fish assemblage, species list, Southwest Atlantic, vulnerability Ictiofauna da plataforma interna do Paraná, Brasil: checklist, distribuição geográfica, importância econômica e estado de conservação Resumo: Listas abrangentes de espécies são essenciais para a implementação efetiva de medidas de preservação e devem avaliar o estado de conservação e o grau de vulnerabilidade das comunidades ecológicas. Esta lista foi compilada a partir de espécies de peixes registradas em pesquisas realizadas nos últimos 30 anos na plataforma continental interna rasa do Estado do Paraná. Foram fornecidas informações sobre biogeografia, estado de conservação, importância econômica e grau de vulnerabilidade das espécies. Um total de 272 espécies de peixes foram registradas, abrangendo 25 ordens e 88 famílias. A família com maior número de espécies foi Sciaenidae (25 espécies), seguida de Carangidae (23), Engraulidae (10), Carcharhinidae (9), Epinephelidae (9) e Paralichthyidae (9). A maioria das espécies registrada na plataforma continental interna do Paraná está limitada ao Atlântico Oeste. Em termos de importância econômica, 93% (253) das espécies incluídas nesta lista são comercialmente viáveis, seja na pesca, aquicultura ou aquariofilia. Uma fração notável (39%) das espécies registradas foi classificada como de vulnerabilidade moderada a muito alta. Em particular, 28 espécies (10%) estão listadas como ameaçadas de extinção em escala global, e 34 espécies (12%) estão listadas como ameaçadas de extinção no território brasileiro. Palavras-chave: assembleia de peixes, lista de espécies, Atlântico Sudoeste, vulnerabilidade. Introduction shelf extends from 175 to 190 km offshore, and is dominated by sandy bottoms, and a few rocky substrates (Brandini 2014). The State of Paraná, in southern Brazil, has a 98 km long coastline, Paraná’s continental shelf harbors a rich fauna, particularly in its inner and is cut by two large estuarine complexes, namely, the Paranaguá region which is nutrient enriched by the continental drainage system. Bay to the north and the Guaratuba Bay to the south. Its continental Like the estuaries, the inner shelf functions as habitat for reproduction http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2017-0385 http://www.scielo.br/bn 2 Biota Neotrop., 18(2): e20170385, 2018 Spier, D. et al. and development of many fish species; therefore, it performs a vital role in Material and Methods their life cycles (Blaber 2000). In addition, the continental shelf contains several fish species of commercial importance. Data on fish species inhabiting the inner continental shelf of the State of Paraná were compiled from the peer-reviewed literature (Corrêa et al. 1986; There have been several studies on the fish fauna in the Paranaguá Chaves et al. 2003; Godefroid et al. 2004; Costa & Chaves 2006; Gomes Estuarine Complex (Hackradt et al. 2009; Félix-Hackradt et al. 2010; & Chaves 2006; Santos et al. 2006; Félix et al. 2007a; Félix et al. 2007b; Ignácio & Spach 2010; Contente et al. 2011; Passos et al. 2012; Pichler et al. Bornatowski et al. 2009; Hackradt & Hackradt 2009; Hackradt et al. 2011; 2015, 2017; Possatto et al. 2017) and in the Guaratuba Bay (Chaves & Daros et al. 2012; Bornatowski et al. 2014a; Bornatowski et al. 2014b; Corrêa 1998; Chaves & Vendel 2001). On the other hand, few studies Rossi-Wongtschowski et al. 2014, Santos et al. 2016) as well as less have focused on the continental shelf region, especially those assessing accessible academic literature (Santos 2006 and Carniel 2008 - master the taxonomic composition of the ichthyofauna (Santos 2006; Carniel thesis; Schwarz-Junior 2010 and Spier 2016 - PhD thesis) published over 2008; Schwarz-Junior 2010). Of concern is the threat to the region’s the past 30 years. The full extent of Paraná’s shallow inner continental fish biodiversity, most notably due to overfishing, deposition of dredged shelf was sampled down to the 20 m isobath, including areas near the sediments, habitat loss, and deployment of new habitats, such as artificial mouth of the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex and the Guaratuba Bay reefs, whose impact on biodiversity is not yet fully understood. In this study, (Figure 1). Overall, gillnetting, trawling, and underwater visual census we have compiled a checklist of fish species inhabiting the shallow inner were the main sampling methods used in the studies compiled in this work. continental shelf of Paraná. Considerations about geographic distribution, Further details on sampling methods and sampling areas are provided in conservation status, economic importance, and degree of vulnerability to Table 1. The taxonomic classification and nomenclature followsMarceniuk extinction are provided. This checklist compiles useful information in (2005), Craig & Hastings (2007), Smith & Craig (2007), Figueiredo & a single document that should be of great help in devising measures of Menezes (2009), Carvalho-Filho et al. (2010), Menezes et al. (2010) preservation and species recovery. and Eschmeyer et al. (2014). Orders and families are listed according to Figure 1. Map of the shallow inner continental shelf of Paraná, Brazil, showing the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex and the Guaratuba estuary. The contour represents the 20-meter isobath. http://www.scielo.br/bn http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2017-0385 Biota Neotrop., 18(2): e20170385, 2018 3 Fishes of shallow inner continental shelf of Paraná, Brazil Table 1. Details on methods and sampling areas of the different sources consulted. “x”indicates absence of depth data. Source Site Year Methods Isobath Corrêa et al. (1986) Coasts of Matinhos, Pontal do Sul, Caiobá until 1986 (since 1942) Museum collections x e Mel island Chaves et al. (2003) Matinhos shelf March 1999 to January 2000 Bottom trawl nets 10 and 15 m (mesh of 2.5 cm) Godefroid et al. (2004) Shallow infralittoral of Atami Beach July 1998 to June 1999 Bottom trawl nets 8 and 12 m (25°30’S; 48°15’W) (mesh of 1 cm) Costa & Chaves (2006) Paraná Continental Shelf July 2001 to March 2003 Trawling and gillnet 8 to 20 m Gomes & Chaves (2006) 2 km from the Guaratuba coast April 2001 to March 2002 Bottom trawl nets 10 m (25°52’S/48°39’W to 25°59’S/48°36’W) (mesh of 3 cm) Santos (2006) Paraná Continental Shelf (25°26’S to August 2000 to July 2001 Bottom trawl nets 6 to 17 m 25°40’S / 48°08’W to 48°26’W) (mesh of 3 cm) Felix et al. (2007) Next to the entrance of Paranaguá Bay / June 2004 to May 2005 Beach seine net, 15 m long 2 m Pontal do Sul beach and 2.6 m height - mesh size of 5 mm. Carniel (2008) Paraná Continental Shelf 2005 and 2006 Trawling and gillnet 8 to 20 m Bornatowski et al. (2009) PR until 2009 Museum/Literature/ field x surveys Hackradt & Hackradt (2009) Currais (25°44’ S, 48°22’ W), Itacolomis November 2006 to July 2007 Underwater visual census 6 to 20 m (25°50’ S, 48°24’ W) and Artificial Reefs (SCUBA) between these two islands Schwarz-Junior (2009) Paraná Continental Shelf August 2004 to July 2005 Bottom trawl nets 6, 9, 12 and 15 m (mesh of 2.5 cm) Hackradt et al. (2011) Currais (25°44’ S, 48°22’ W), Itacolomis January 2006 to March 2006 Underwater visual census 6 to 20 m (25°50’ S, 48°24’ W) and Artificial Reefs (SCUBA) between these two islands Daros et al. (2012) Currais Archipelago (25°44’ S, 48°22’ W) October 2008 to August 2009 Underwater visual census 3 to 9 m and Itacolomis Island (25°50’ S, 48°24’ W) (SCUBA) Bornatowski et al. (2014a) 20 km from the coast April 2010 to March 2012 Gillnet of 7, 9, 11, 16, 18 20 m and 45 cm mesh-size Bornatowski et al.
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