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NEW GROWTH and INVESTMENT STRATEGIES This Work Is Published on the Responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD Delivering Local Development NEW GROWTH AND INVESTMENT STRATEGIES This work is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Organisation or of the governments of its member countries. This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. Photo credits: Cover ©Marketing Manchester. © OECD 2013 You can copy, download or print OECD content for your own use, and you can include excerpts from OECD publications, databases and multimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs, websites and teaching materials, provided that suitable acknowledgment of the source and copyright owner is given. All requests for public or commercial use and translation rights should be submitted to [email protected]. Requests for permission to photocopy portions of this material for public or commercial use shall be addressed directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) at [email protected] or the Centre français d'exploitation du droit de copie (CFC) at [email protected]. )25(:25'±3 Foreword What next? )URPWKHKLJKSHGHVWDORIWKHZRUOGHFRQRP\FLWLHVVRPHWLPHVORRNVPDOO<HWLWLV WKRVHSRLQWVRIWKHPRVDLFZKLFKPRUHDQGPRUHGULYHJOREDOJURZWK 7KDWLVZK\,UHPDLQGHHSO\LQWHUHVWHGLQP\KRPHFLW\0DQFKHVWHUDQGLQWKH SDUWQHUVKLSWKH\KDYHIRUPHGZLWK$PVWHUGDP%DUFHORQDDQG+DPEXUJ 7KLVWLPHO\2(&'UHSRUWHPHUJHVDWDSRLQWZKHQWKHVHDQGFLWLHVOLNHWKHPDUHVWLOO JHWWLQJWRJULSVZLWKWKHQHZZRUOGHFRQRPLFRUGHUWKDWZLOOEHLQSODFHZKHQWKHGXVWRI WKHILQDQFLDOFULVLVVHWWOHV7KH\DUHQRWORRNLQJEDFNEXWUDWKHUDVNLQJWKHULJKWTXHVWLRQ DERXWIXWXUHSROLF\³ZKDW¶VQH[W´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±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¶V ³HDUQEDFN´ LV RQH H[DPSOH RI WKLV SLHUFLQJ WKH 8QLWHG .LQJGRP¶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smörgåsbordRISROLF\ ZKLFKVHHPVULJKWZKHQZHDUHWDONLQJQRWDERXWDQDWLRQDORU(XURSHDQV\VWHPEXWD FROOHFWLRQRIGLIIHUHQWSODFHVHDFKWU\LQJWRDFFHOHUDWHDQGOHYHUDJHWKHLURZQSDUWLFXODU FRPSDUDWLYHDGYDQWDJHV 7KLV UHSRUW VKRZV VRPH FDQ UHHQJLQHHU WKHPVHOYHV WRZDUGV LQFUHDVHG SURGXFWLYLW\ DQG JURZWK LQ WKH QHZ JOREDO HFRQRPLF SDUDGLJP , KRSH WKDW VHHLQJ FLWLHV WKDW DUH GHPRQVWUDWLQJ OHDGHUVKLS GRLQJ QRW EHLQJ GRQH WR DQG SLRQHHULQJ SROLF\ LQQRYDWLRQV FDQSURYLGHRWKHUVZLWKLQVSLUDWLRQ -LP2¶1HLOO &KDLURIWKH*UHDWHU0DQFKHVWHU(FRQRPLF $GYLVRU\3DQHO '(/,9(5,1*/2&$/'(9(/230(171(:*52:7+$1',19(670(17675$7(*,(62(&' ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS – 5 Acknowledgements This report was prepared under the authority of the OECD LEED (Local Economic and Employment Programme) and its’ Directing Committee. This work was undertaken as part of the LEED Programme’s Delivering Local Development activity led by Debra Mountford and is supported by the European Commission. The report case studies cover 11 countries: Australia, China, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, South Africa, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. Sincere thanks are expressed to Amsterdam, Barcelona, Hamburg and Manchester for inviting the LEED Programme to carry out this analysis. We are grateful to Greg Clark, Chair of the OECD LEED Forum on Development Agencies and Investment Strategies who was the lead author and Tim Moonen who led the case study research. We are also grateful to Mike Emmerich and Baron Frankal, New Economy Manchester and Rachel Combie, Marketing Manchester; Arthur van Dijk, Amsterdam Airport Area; Michel van Wijk, Schiphol Area Development Company and Martijn van Vliet Department of Economic Affairs, City of Amsterdam; Jordi Sacristan, Barcelona Activa; and Melanie Parr, HafenCity. Other participating cities are duly thanked for their collaboration and support of the project. Lottie Tempest Mountford edited the 12 case studies. Richard Grange, Marketing Manchester and François Iglesias, OECD LEED designed the cover. Jennifer Allain prepared the report for publication. DELIVERING LOCAL DEVELOPMENT: NEW GROWTH AND INVESTMENT STRATEGIES © OECD 2013 7$%/(2)&217(176±7 Table of contents Part I Delivering Local Development: New Growth and Investment Strategies ,QWURGXFWLRQ1HZJURZWKDQGLQYHVWPHQWVWUDWHJLHV 7KHFLWLHV3URILOHVDQGFRPSDUDWLYHGDWD 1HZJURZWKVWUDWHJLHV:KDWLVQHZLQWKHJURZWKDQGMREVVWUDWHJLHVRIWKHFLWLHV" 1HZLQYHVWPHQW 1HZOHDGHUVKLSDSSURDFKHVDQGEHWWHUORFDOGHYHORSPHQWV\VWHPV 6XPPDU\DQGUHFRPPHQGDWLRQV 5HIHUHQFHV Part II Case studies $PVWHUGDP0HWURSROLWDQ$UHD %DUFHORQD %RVWRQ %ULVEDQH &DSH7RZQ +DPEXUJ /\RQ 0DQFKHVWHU 1DQMLQJ 2VOR 6KHQ]KHQ =XULFK Tables 7DEOH, *URZWKVWUDWHJ\DVVHWVDQGLQLWLDWLYH 7DEOH, ,QYHVWPHQWWRROV 7DEOH, /RFDOGHYHORSPHQWVV\VWHPV 7DEOH, 1DWLRQDOVXSUDQDWLRQDOLQYHVWPHQWVDQGLPSDFWV 7DEOH, )XWXUHSULRULWLHV 7DEOH, *RRG SUDFWLFH DW JUDGXDOO\ LPSURYLQJ PHFKDQLVPV IRU SULYDWH VHFWRU LQYROYHPHQWLQHFRQRPLFGHYHORSPHQWV 7DEOH,, 7KHVL[WUDQVLWLRQVRIWKH2QH&DSH$JHQGD 7DEOH,, 0DLQSUHIHUHQWLDOSLORWSROLFLHVLQWURGXFHGLQ4LDQKDL=RQHLQ '(/,9(5,1*/2&$/'(9(/230(171(:*52:7+$1',19(670(17675$7(*,(62(&' 8±7$%/(2)&217(176 Figures )LJXUH, 0HWURSROLWDQ*'3RIWKHFLWLHVLQ )LJXUH, ,QFRPHDQGHPSOR\PHQWJURZWKRIWKHFLWLHV )LJXUH, 7RWDOQXPEHURISDVVHQJHUVDWWKHFLWLHV¶SULQFLSDODLUSRUWV )LJXUH, 3HUFHQWDJHRIPHWURSROLWDQHFRQRP\FRPSULVHGRIILQDQFLDODQGEXVLQHVV VHUYLFHV )LJXUH,, 'LVWULEXWLRQRIIRUHLJQFRPSDQLHVLQ&DWDORQLDLQDQGFKDQJH VLQFH E\FRXQWU\RIRULJLQ )LJXUH,, %ULVEDQH¶VHFRQRPLFVWUDWHJ\ZKHHO )LJXUH,, 0RGHOIRURUJDQLVLQJHFRQRPLFFRRSHUDWLRQHQDFWHGWKURXJK&DSH7RZQ¶V (FRQRPLF'HYHORSPHQW3DUWQHUVKLS )LJXUH,, )', LQYHVWPHQW DQG SURMHFWV LQ :HVWHUQ &DSH E\ VHFWRU -DQXDU\ 'HFHPEHU )LJXUH,, 6L]HDQGPHGLXPWHUPJURZWKRIVHFWRUVLQ*UHDWHU0DQFKHVWHU '(/,9(5,1*/2&$/'(9(/230(171(:*52:7+$1',19(670(17675$7(*,(62(&' 3$57,'(/,9(5,1*/2&$/'(9(/230(171(:*52:7+$1',19(670(17675$7(*,(60$,1),1',1*6±9 Part I Delivering Local Development: New Growth and Investment Strategies: Main Findings '(/,9(5,1*/2&$/'(9(/230(171(:*52:7+$1',19(670(17675$7(*,(62(&' 3$57,'(/,9(5,1*/2&$/'(9(/230(171(:*52:7+$1',19(670(17675$7(*,(60$,1),1',1*6±11 Introduction: New growth and investment strategies 7KHSXUSRVHRIORFDOGHYHORSPHQWLVWREXLOGWKHFDSDFLW\RIDGHILQHGWHUULWRU\RIWHQ
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