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Acantholyda (Hymenoptera: Pamphiliidae) of Japan

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Acantholyda (Hymenoptera: Pamphiliidae) of Japan JapaneseJapaneseSociety Society of Systematic Zoology Species Diversity, 2001, 6, 23-63 Conifer-feeding Webspinning Sawfiies of the Genus Acantholyda (Hymenoptera: Pamphiliidae) of Japan Akihiko Shinohara Department of ZOologl,, iVtttional Stience Museunt, 323-1 lbpakuninch6, Shinjuku-ku, 7bltyo, 169-OOrs Jopan E-maiL' [email protected] (Received 18 July 20eO; Accepted 23 January 2001) The conifer-feeding webspinning sawfly genus Acantholyda is reviewed for Japan. Fourteen species, one of which has two subspecies, are recognized and keyed, Of these, two species and one subspecies, A. mizunoi from central Honshu (host plant: 71suga), A. tsayukii from central Honshu and Shikoku (host plant: 71suga), and A. aglaia stigtna from central Honshu (host plants: Picea and Abies), are described as new. This is the first Palearctic host plant recerd ofAcantholyda from a species ofAbies. Descriptions are given for the previously unknown males of A, albomacutata Shinohara, 1985 and A. iwatai Takeuchi, 1938, and A. iwatai is newly recorded from Shikoku and Kyushu. New host plant records are given for A, nipponica Yano and Sato, 1928 and A. sasaicii <Yano, 1916). Key Words: Hymenoptera, Pamphiliidae, Acantholyda, Japan, new species, new subspecies, new host records. Acantholyda is a genus of the conifer-feeding webspinning sawfly subfamily Cephalciinae. It is Holarctic in distribution and comprises over 60 species, of which 34 occur in North America (Middlekauff 1958; Greenbaum 1975; Smith 1988), ten in Europe and from Turkey to Siberia (Benson 1968; Verzhutsklj 1981; Achter- berg and Aartsen 1986; Shinohara 1988), ten in China, Taiwan, and Korea (Xiao et at. 1992; Shinohara 1991a, 2000; Shinohara and Byun 1996), and one unidentified species in Myanmar (BeneS 1972). In Japan, 12 species have been recorded (Takeuchi 1938; Shinohara 1985, 1991b, 1995, 2ooO; Shinohara and Hara 2000). Adults of Acantholyda species are easily distinguished from other pamphiliids by the presence of one or two subapical spurs on each of the fore tibiae. Larvae are solitary or gregarious webspinners on various conifers of the family Pinaceae be- longing to the genera PinLts, Larix, Picea, Abies, 71suga, and Rseudotsuga (Mid- dlekauff 1958; Xiao et al. 1992; Shinohara 1997, 2000; Taeger et al, 1998; Shinohara and Hara 2ooO), and some species are regarded as pests of these plants. This paper is a systematic review of the Japanese species of Acantholyda, "variety") Takeuchi (1938) keyed six species (one of them with one of this genus from Japan, and that is the most recent work treating the entire Acantholyda fauna of Japan. Shinohara (1985, 1991b, 2000) and Shinohara and Hara (2000) de- scribed six new species and one new subspecies from Japan. After studying al1 major collections of Japanese Acantholyda known to me, I recognize now 14 species, one of them with two subspecies, in Japan. Two species and one sub- species are new to science. Table 1 shows the 15 Japanese species and subspecies NII-Electronic Library Service JapaneseJapaneseSociety Society ofSystematicZoologyof Systematic Zoology 24 Akihiko Shinohara with their distributional ranges and host plants. Material used in this work is deposited in the National Science Museum, Tokyo, unless otherwise indicated. Abbreviations fbr other depositories are: EU- Ehime University, Matsuyama; HU-Hokkaido University, Sapporo; KN-K. Naka- mura's private collection, Utsunomiya; KU-Kobe University, Kobe; OMNH-Osaka Museum of Natural History, Osaka; UOP-University of Osaka Prefecture, Sakai; YM-M. Yamada's private collection, Hirosaki. Names of Japanese host plants fbl- low Ohwi (1965). Genus Acantholyda A. Costa, 1894 Acanthocnema A. Costa, 1860: 2 (suppressed by Opinion 290, International Commis- sion on Zoological Nomenclature 1954). Type species: TOnthredo erlythrocephala Linnaeus, 1758; subsequent designa- tion by Benson (1945). Acantho(yda A. Costa, 1894: 232. Type species: Tenthredo er:ythrocophala Linnaeus, 1758; subsequent designa- tion by Rohwer (1910). For more references, see Middlekauff (1958), Diagnosis. Adult length carina or 8.5-16mm; postgenal present absent; an- tenna with 26-40segments, with scape seldom shorter than 3rd segment, usually equal or longer, and with 3rd segment about 1,9-3.2× the length of 4th; fore tibia with 1 (rarely 2) preapical spur(s); tarsal claws each with 1 small subapical tooth; wing membranes irregularly coriaceous apically; of veins in forewing, Scl joining C before point of origin of Rs fr'om R; cell C in forewing glabrous or pilose; stub of crossvein m+cu-a in forewing absent or very short; apical stub of vein 2A in hind- wing present or absent; male genitalia with harpes relatively long and slender; ovipositor with radices in first valvulae and central portion of fused second valvu- lae strongly dilated, Egg more or less banana shaped with pointed ends, or cylin- dri¢ al with rounded ends. Remarks. Acantholyda is one of the two genera comprising the tribe Cephalci- ini (Beneg 1968). Acantholyda and Cephalcia, the other genus of the tribe, are easily separated by the presence or absence of the preapical spur(s) on the fore tibia (e.g., Ross 1937). Benson (1945) added the possible intergeneric difference in host plants, but this has been found invalid (Middlekauf!i 1958). The fo11owing additional features have been proposed as being usefUl fbr dis- tinguishing Acantholycla from Cephalcia (character states in Cephalcia are in brackets): 1) Average number of antennal segments 32 [26] (Middlekauff 1958); antennae with 2ouO segments [22-30 segments] (Beneg 1968). "Scape 2) seldom shorter than segment three, usually equal or longer" ["al- ways shorter than segment three"] (Middlekaufli 1958: 72). 3) Cell C in the fbrewing glabrous [pilose] in European species (BeneS 1974; Achterberg and Aartsen 1986). At least in three species occurring in Japan, A. tsayukii n. sp., A iwatai Takeuchi, 1938, and A. qglaia Zhelochovtsev, 1968, the cell C in the forewing is more or less pilose. NII-Electronic Library Service Japanese SooietySociety of SystematicSystematio Zoology Webspinning sawfly genus Ac α ntholyda of Japan 25 ． ■ も 喝 ． 〇 口 一 一 qo 建 『ゴ cσ o 刺 唱 り 措 ミ ， OO OOoDgQ 鴇勉 ミ Q の 電 湊 捻 o弓 一 偽 〉 ＼ q・ 幅 爵 邸 ミ 、 知 軸 ．§ 建 あ 眺 NON 一 一 O ． o ρ ρ 刈 襲 的 O ミ 邸 ミ の 隠 幅 幅 ． 一 ． ρ ρ む く 量 僉 逵 O ミ O 竃 記 遷 』 』 魯 【 踊 譲 虻 冠 q q α 竃 口 ミ 鴇 ミ qkO ．O 」 ． 一 ． 一 ← の ∩ の 亀 ooO ミ Oqn 氏 O 「 O ．跳 起 O ． 恥 ， ． ． ． § 凝 ご 自 OkO 日 6 ＝ ∩ ◎ q 喇 転 ミ ． へ 鵜 建 9 N ρ 恥 蠹 忌 煢 ミ リ o O コ コ O り 艶 ミ 篷 」 ρ ミ 隠 ρ ミ の § 旬 思 隠 鵡 識 ミ 丶 鋤 の 高 階 心 眺 帆 竃 o き 筒 亀 」 亀 慈 kN 讐 口 口 N だ 自 口 口 笥 9 隠 軸 O 昼 愈 ， Q ミ 遣 津 ≧ 越 噂 羣鴪 ≧ 津 韓 戚 竜 o O O 馬 o 亀 O む 吻 竜 ミ 魯 o む む 塗粒 穐 口 の 二 口 偽 ＝ ‘ 口 口 劬 口 ◎ O 昌 ． 寒 階 謡 図 遣 湿 勉 図 図 讐 離 図 図 帽 戯 k 「∩ ミ 勉 識 黛 8 9 謹 自 口 口 摘 口 ≧ 自 鵠 口 ≧ 描 隔 “ q b b ∩ ∩ ミ ミ 口 ⇒ 自 自 D 氏 「 O q 「 鬥 「 ミ （ °。 冩 驀 ． け ” 8N 魯 ． 5 ミ ゴ 口 三 （ 員 ‘ 88 の づ ヨ の oo ミ ミ ハ 磊 （ 口 。 図 … ・ 邸 gり ρ 8 O 聲 の 琴 O 邸 建 o o 肩 頃 国 着 口 絹 国 （ ＝ 謡 建 寓 ＝ 」 邸 謂 口 謂 祠 【 q 罵 罵 （ 眄 瓦 り 邸 田 の 眉 h 』 冨 ロリ 揖 』 コ 』 ． 豈 （ 軌（ 目 ← 鶏 （ （ N 』 一 2 揖 5 ね 5g 揖 自 口 づ 冂 9 コ 舳 琴 oワ 黌 三 租 の 口 OOO ‘ 口 3 謂 謂 L臼 日 80 ロ 氏 身 8 ・， 口9 go § O 磊 の 〇 （ 8 8 自 自 ハ 】 Φ 口 一 津 「 』 ε 口 ミ 田 一 （ 一 、 8 O O Fd o ← 口 『 ぎ O 口 謂 ε 冖 試 d d OO （ 8 o ⊃ ＝ 国 国 ≧ 口 ［ ＝ 嵩 二 の 亀 旦 ε 8 ∈ 田 』 口 【 屑 例 qO 們 5 昌 一 一 5 自 一 騫 Φ 田 28 。 邸 o 扁 “ 扁 〇 』 淵 肩 あ 罵 而 吋 あ 』 ← り。 』 』 窘 ‘ ‘ 湿 』 ← 》 謂 口 gり b8 ヨ 出 仁 一 一 一 ヨ 摺 一 一 qO の ε 堂 図 葦 』 蝦 口 』 竃 七 仁 呂 口 口 国 o （ 帆q8 ．・， o O ∩ （ 】 o OO の 。 匙 〇 O O OO 、 コ 口 口 の 国 ゴ 山 り 。 り 韓 口 口 信 貫 国 ＝ 8 邸 淵 呂 名 V ） ） ） 〉 ） ） ） 昭 ） ） ） 喟 磊 O O O 邸 轟 パ 』 q q 図 名 言 q 賃 言名 毟 口 ヨ O q 冒 貞 邸 自一 §祠 邸 邸 一 農 憙 儲 邸 σ5q ぎ 写 8 口 ρ 巴 q 謂 q 謂 区 q q 9 嵩 o q 昼 q 区 ON q 巴 一 閏 応 忌の の 甸 而 ・ゴ の 【 邸 念 邸 罠 邸 邸 の 丐 勹 「 母 角 弓 弓 雨 題 h h 再 ら 再 ら 066 （ 、 囚 H O 唱繭 旨 鬥 6 h ＝ 邸 』 も ゆ 口 口 鶉 09 OO ． ロ H OOO 曾 伺 ヨ 暮 ． 易 』 g 囗 邸 一 一 ρコ 急 9 』 夙邸 、 ‘ ， 蕩 邸 08 80 邸 邸 QOO O qg § ゜っ の 。 目 謂 旨 芝 霑 （ 覊 ） 日 H ミ 、 （ O 国 、 仍 調 琶 冨 卜 口 一 價 ． 28 魯 H 一 O 鬻 頭 乳 の q。 oΩ 竃 邸 d 鼠 而 同 ゜。 芻 Φ 【 祠 霑 。 一 口 』 ． く H 一 § 総 の 謂 摘 廼 口 ω σ5 Q ℃ 一 、 り ， ．謂 軸 三 8 8 ◎ 要 o も ， O 口 q qgoQ つ 的 の 二 冑 ＝ 一 蓐 粕 o 8 Q6N 。。 O 〇 O の O 口 む 自 ミ ＜ 顔 邸 ， ．惚 亀 二 』 o 8 口 丶 図 ヨ 一 口 」 § 州 旨 蒿 O 吻 ヨ 9 っ 勉 ぢ § O ） 9 ξ 軸 o ‘ 智 〇 昜 驀 卜 醤 胄 心 ゜っ の へ 偽 ） 呂 弓 軸 。 ミ 越 ゐ 建 措 妃 O O o 摘劬 号 o 起 む 嵩 ロ り 09 縫 栂 建 § 鴇 掲 鍵 ミ 9N o ミ O 9 NO 笥 § 軸 ◎ N 畠 り 閏 § の 20Qの 、弋 憙 蕊 § 摘転 」 ミ 愚 唱 § の ON 9 港 軸 O 忖 起 粕 む 虻 虻 遣 智 、 豊 § 舘 働 口 丶 職 亀 唱 瑠 O O 唱 目 ◎ O O 巴 ＜ 驀 爵 鷲 旭 唱 題 、 旭 ℃ 還 暮 亳 唱 唱 選 唱 謹 。。 爵 qo 爵 爵 爵 魯 螽 ゐ ゐ 赴 ミ 爵 ミ 爵 爵 急 。 口 O O O o 9 O O o o O O O ， 箋 口 心 ミ ミ 起 £ 起 避 弋 醍 避 母 一 ミ 楠 N 粕 ミ 幅 N 執 ミ ミ 軸 塙 軸 醤 bD bo 竃 黛 建 建 に 匿 舘 瓮 母 謎 謎 巽 〇 § 』 09 む § § 09 09 弓 コ 弓 9 5 一 § 一9 9 一§一§ § § § 9 § 9 鐔 ゜o 噸 の ＼ 『 ＼ 『 ＼ ＼ く 『 網 噸 『 『 『 『 一 NII-ElectronicN 工 工 Eleotronio Library Service JapaneseJapaneseSociety Society ofSystematicZoologyof Systematic Zoology 26 Akihiko Shinohara 4) Stub of rn+cu-a ("Brachialquerader") in forewing absent or very short [long] (Konow 1897).
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