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Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura, Paguroidea) with Subconical Corneas, and New Data on Biology of Some Rare Species

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Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura, Paguroidea) with Subconical Corneas, and New Data on Biology of Some Rare Species Two new species of Parapaguridae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura, Paguroidea) with subconical corneas, and new data on biology of some rare species Rafael LEMAITRE Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, MRC 163, Deparment of Invertebrate Zoology, P.O. box 37012, Washington, D.C., 20013-7012 (USA) [email protected] Lemaitre R. 2006. — Two new species of Parapaguridae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura, PaguroKlea) with subconical corneas, and new data on biology of some rare species. Zoosvs- tema28(2):517-532. ABSTRACT Two new parapagurid species with subconical corneas, Oncopagurus conicus n. sp. and Paragiopagurus schnauztr n. ap., are described based on collections by French expeditions to New Caledonia, the Philippines and Solomon Islands, in the we-stern Pacific. These represent the 16th and 18th documented species of Oncopagurus Vemixtyc, 1996 and Paragiopagurus\jimw.K, 1996, respectively. KEYWORDS Two other parapagurids arc known to have subconical corneas, Sympagurus Crustacea, acinops Lemaitre, 1989, and Oncopagurus minutus (Henderson, 1896). Also Decapoda, Anotnura, rejxirtcd are specimens of two rare and morphologically unique parapagurids, Parapaguridae, lyphlopagurtis foresti de Saint Laurent, 1972 and Bivalvopagurus sinensis (de ParagiopaguruSy Saint I aurent, 1972), and represent geographical and bathymetric range c-xten- Oncopagurus, Typhlopagurtis, sions for both species. The diagnoses of the monotypic genera Typhlopagurus Bivalvopagunis, and Bivalvopagurus are to be modified due lo new data on morphology and hermit crabs, biology. The former genus was given to inclutle T foresti, wrongly assumed to deep-water, misnomers, lack a>rnea, thus presumed blind; and the latter for B. sinensis, prematurely new species. assumed to exclusively use bivalve shells as housing. ZOOSYSTEMA • 2006 • 28 (2) O Publications ScientHiquas du Musium national d'Histoire natureNe, Paris. www.zoosystema.coni 517 Lcmaitre R. RiSUMfi Deux nouvelles especes de Parapaguridae (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura, Pagu- roidea) avec des comees subconi^ues, et donnees nouvelles sur la biologie de quelques especes rares. Deux nouvelles especes de Parapaguridae ayant des cornees subconiques, Onco- pagurus conicus R. sp. et Pantgiopagurus schnauzern. sp., sont d&rites en se basant sur des rccoltes fran9ai$es faites dans le Pacifique ouest, en Nouvelle-Caledonie, aux Philippines et aux lies Salomon. Ces especes sont, respectivement, les 16« et 18' dccrites dans les genres Oncopagurus Lcmaitre, 1996 et Pamgiopagurus Lemaitre, 1996. Deux autres especes de Parapaguridae ayant des cornees subconiques sont MOTS CLtS connues: Sympagurus acinops Lemaitre, 1989 et Oncopagurus minutus (Henderson, Crustacea, 1896). Dans ce travail, sont egalement mentionnfe des specimens de deux especes Oecapoda, rares et presentant des caracteres morphologiqucs uniques Typhlopagurusforesti Anomura, Parapaguridae, de Saint Laurent, 1972 ct Bivalvopagurus sinensis {de Saint Laurent, 1972), qui Paragiopagurus, voient toutes deux leurs repartitions geographique et bathymetriquc ^tendues. Oncopagurm, Typhlepagurus, Les di^noses des genres monotypiques Typhbpagurus et Bivalvopagurus doivent Bwalvopagurus, etre modifides du fait de donnees nouvelles sur la morphologic et la biologie. Lc bernard-t'ermitc, premier a ete crdi pour accueillir T.Jbresti, suppose i tort ne pas avoir de comic cau profonde, noms malfondes, et ainsi prdsumd aveugle, le second pour B. sinensis, prematurement suppose especes nouvelles. utiliser cxclusivcment des coquilles de bivalves pour s'abriter. INTRODUCTION the family were known to date to have subconical corneas: Sympagums acinops Lemaitre, 1989, and The Parapaguridae or deep-water hermit crabs are Oncopagurus minutus {![\^nAK\%Qn, 1896). During classified in 10 genera (Lemaitre 1996; McLaughlin this study, two new parapagurid species with sub- 2003a). The majority of species are typically found conical cornea have been discovered, and are fully at depths ranging from 200 to 3000 m, although described. When specimens of these new species one species, Paragiopagums diogenes (Whitelegge, were first encountered, they superficially appeared 1900), occurs as shallow as 40 m, and another, Pam- to represent a single species based on the shape pagurus saintlaurentae Lemaitre, 1999, is found as of the ocular peduncles and corneas. However, a deep as 5020 m. Ihis depth range for parapagurids close study revealed not only that two new species includes the twilight zone (200-1000 m), where were actually represented, but that they belong to light penetrates minimally, and the zone below different genera, Oncopagurus Lemaitre, 1996, and 1000 m where light does not penetrate at ail (e.g., Paragiopagurus lcmaitre, 1996. Marshall 1979; Castro & Huber 2003). Thus, it is Also discovered during the study of the parapagu- not surprising that a good number of parapagurids rid samples were specimens of two intriguing taxa, have reduced ocular peduncles and corneas as an Typhlopagurusforesti de Saint Laurent, 1972, and adaptation to limited light conditions. Bivalvopagunusinensis (de Saint Laurent, 1972), the The study of parapagurid samples obtained by former previously known only from Borneo, and French expeditions in the New Caledonian region the latter from the South China Sea. Twenty-three continues to yield striking examples of morphologi- specimens were found of T.foresti, a morphologically cal diversity in this hermit crab family. Although unique species previously known from only three species with reduced corneas are common among type specimens. This taxon is the sole representative several parapagurid genera, only two species in of Typhlopa^rus de Saint Laurent, 1972, originally 518 ZOOSYSTEMA • 2006 • 28 (2) I^rapagurkbc with subconical comeu described as lacking corneas, and as the generic (MNHN-Pg 761.3). — BIOGEOCAL. stn CP 214, name suggests, presumed blind. However, examina- 22°43'09'S, 166°27'19'E, 1590-1665 m, 9.1V.1987, 1 c? 2.1 mm, I 9 1.8 mm, 1 ovig. 9 2.1 mm (MNHN- tion of these new specimens revealed the presence Pg 7614). of corneas, thus the generic misnomer. The name of the monotypic genus Bivalvopagurus Lemaitre, ETYMOKIGY. — The specific; epithet is from the Greek 1993 was given "in reference to the common usage konikos, meaning cone-like, and refers to the shape of the corneas in this species. of a bivalve shell to shield its abdomen" (l-emaitre 1993: 12) by B. sinensis. During this study, three DlSTRlBi/nON. — So far known only from the New specimens of this unique species from the Philip- Caledonian region: 1000 to 1665 m. pines and the Solomon Islands were each found living in association with a Stylobates-WVt actinian DESCRIITION with a small gastropod shell near the apex. Thus, Gills biserial (Fig. lA). Shield (Fig. IB, E) longer the habitat of this parapagurid is not restricted to than broad; dorsal surface weakly calcified medially bivalve shells as previously assumed. The new mate- and sometimes also anteriorly, with scattered short rial of T.foresti and B. sinensis is herein documented, setae; rostrum broadly rounded, weakly produced, and represents considerable horizxjntal and vertical with short mid-dorsal ridge; anterior margins weakly range extensions for both taxa. concave; lateral projections subtriangular, terminat- The specimens used remain deposited in the ing in small spine; anterolateral margins sloping; collections of the Museum national d'Histoire na- posterior margin broadly rounded; ventrolateral turelle, Paris (MNHN), with some duplicates in margins of shield without spine. Anterodistal margin the National Museum of Natural History, Smith- of branchiostegite rounded, unarmed, setose. sonian Institution, Washington, D.C. (USNM). Ocular peduncles (Fig. IC) more than half length The general morphological terminology follows of shield, diminishing in width distally, somewhat Lemaitre (1999,2004). Information on the French inflated ventroproximally; with longitudinal row of expeditions, along with detailed station data can be long setae dorsally; ventroproximal surface weakly found at http://www.tropicaldeepscabenthos.org. calcified. Cornea reduced, subconical, usually ending The measurements in millimeters included in the sharply. Ocular acicles subtriangular, terminating material examined are of shield length, measured in strong spine; separat<:d basally by about basal from the midpoint of the rostrum to the midpoint width of one acicle. of the posterior margin of the shield. Other abbre- Antennular peduncle long, slender, exceeding viations used in the manuscript are: BT, benthic distal margin of cornea by at least 0.25 length of trawl; C, CP, from the French chalut" or "chalut a penultimate segment. Ultimate segment nearly perches", meaning beam-trawl or fishing trawl; DW, twice as long as penultimate segment, with scattered Waren dredge; ovig., ovigerous; stn, station. setae. Basal segment with strong ventromesial spine; lateral face with distal subrectangular unarmed ex- cept for setae, and strong; spine proximally. Ventral SYSTEMATICS flagellum with four or five articles. Antennal peduncle (Fig. IF) exceeding distal Family PARAPACURIDAK Smith, 1882 margin of cornea by about 0.2 length of fifth seg- Genre Oncopagurus Lemaitre, 1996 ment. Fifth segment unarmed, but with scattered setae. Fourth segment unarmed. Third segment with Oncopagurus conicus n. sp. strong ventromesial distal spine. Second segment (Figs 1-4) with dorsolateral distal angle produced, terminating in strong, simple spine; mesial margin
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