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Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
Strasbourg, 2 September 2008 GVT/COM/II(2008)003 ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON THE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NATIONAL MINORITIES COMMENTS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF SWITZERLAND ON THE SECOND OPINION OF THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NATIONAL MINORITIES BY SWITZERLAND (received on 28 August 2008) GVT/COM/II(2008)003 INTRODUCTORY REMARKS The Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities adopted its second opinion on Switzerland at its 31st meeting on 29 February 2008. The opinion was transmitted to the Permanent Representative of Switzerland to the Council of Europe on 25 April 2008. Switzerland was then invited to submit its comments up to 25 August 2008. Switzerland is pleased that the Advisory Committee’s delegation, on its official visit to the country from 19 to 21 November 2007, was able to meet numerous representatives of the Federal administration, the cantonal authorities, the minorities themselves and NGOs. It welcomes the fact that during the visit the Advisory Committee was able to obtain, to its satisfaction, all the information needed to assess the situation of the national minorities in the country. In that regard, Switzerland wishes to stress the importance it attaches to the constructive dialogue which has grown up between the Advisory Committee and the Swiss authorities. Switzerland received with great interest the Advisory Committee’s second opinion on Switzerland. The detailed and perceptive findings of the Advisory Committee bear witness to its conscientious scrutiny of the situation of the minorities in Switzerland and its attention to the important issues and difficulties. -
The Ultimate Experience
The Ultimate Experience Battlefield Revelations and the Making of Modern War Culture, 1450–2000 Yuval Noah Harari The Ultimate Experience January 18, 2008 19:52 MAC/TUE Page-i 9780230_536920_01_prexvi Also by Yuval Noah Harari RENAISSANCE MILITARY MEMOIRS: War, History and Identity, 1450–1600 SPECIAL OPERATIONS IN THE AGE OF CHIVALRY, 1100–1550 January 18, 2008 19:52 MAC/TUE Page-ii 9780230_536920_01_prexvi The Ultimate Experience Battlefield Revelations and the Making of Modern War Culture, 1450–2000 Yuval Noah Harari Department of History Hebrew University of Jerusalem January 18, 2008 19:52 MAC/TUE Page-iii 9780230_536920_01_prexvi © Yuval Noah Harari 2008 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2008 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. -
ACFC/SR (2001) 2 (Original Language French)
ACFC/SR (2001) 2 (original language French) REPORT SUBMITTED BY SWITZERLAND PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 25 PARAGRAPH 1 OF THE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NATIONAL MINORITIES (received 16 May 2001) The Swiss Government’s Initial Report on the implementation of the Council of Europe’s Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities April 2001 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS PART ONE General overview of the situation of minorities in Switzerland and the way in which Switzerland has sought to implement the Framework Convention 1.INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................7 2. DEMOGRAPHIC SITUATION AND BASIC ECONOMIC DATA..................................9 3. SWITZERLAND: A PLURALIST COMMUNITY.........................................................12 4. GENERAL POLITICAL STRUCTURE..........................................................................14 4.1 Historical overview ............................................................................................14 4.2 Federalism..........................................................................................................16 4.3 The confedederation...........................................................................................17 4.3.1. Executive: the Federal Council .................................................................17 4.3.2. Legislative: the Federal Parliament ...........................................................18 4.3.3. Judiciary: the Federal Court......................................................................19 -
2020 – Contact Tracing: an Overview of Technologies and Cyber Risks
CONTACT TRACING An Overview of Technologies and Cyber Risks Franck Legendre, Mathias Humbert, Alain Mermoud, Vincent Lenders armasuisse, Science and Technology, Switzerland Corresponding author: [email protected] Disclaimer: Opinions expressed in this report are solely our own and do not express the views or opinions of our employer, the Swiss government. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3 INTRODUCTION 4 How Manual Contact Tracing Works 4 How Can Technology Help Automate Contact Tracing 4 What Are The Risks of Digital Contact Tracing 5 TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW 6 PRIVACY AND CYBERSECURITY RISKS 7 Threat Model 7 Privacy Risks 7 Cybersecurity Risks 8 INTERNATIONAL ADOPTION 9 Early Adopters 9 Switzerland’s Neighbors 10 MOBILE OPERATOR CONTACT TRACING 11 LOCATION-BASED CONTACT TRACING 13 PROXIMITY-BASED CONTACT TRACING 15 DETAILED RISK ANALYSIS OF PROXIMITY-BASED CONTACT TRACING 19 Risks on Health Status Privacy 19 Risks on Location Privacy 19 Example: Location Disclosure of Infected Users with Exposure Notification 20 Risks on Social Graph Privacy 21 Summary of Privacy Risks and Potential Improvements 21 Cybersecurity Risks 22 COMPARISON SUMMARY 24 CONCLUSION 25 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The 2020 COVID-19 pandemic has led to a global lockdown with severe health and economical consequences. As a result, authorities around the globe have expressed their needs for better tools to monitor the spread of the virus and to support human labor. Researchers and technology companies such as Google and Apple have offered to develop such tools in the form of contact tracing applications running on smartphones. The goal of these applications is to continuously track people's proximity and to make the smartphone users aware if they have ever been in contact with positively diagnosed people, so that they could self-quarantine and possibly have an infection test. -
Abstract Hodnet, Andrew Arthur
ABSTRACT HODNET, ANDREW ARTHUR. The Othering of the Landsknechte. (Under the direction of Dr. Verena Kasper-Marienberg). This thesis offers a socio-cultural analysis of early modern German media to explore the public perception of the Landsknechte, mercenaries that were both valued and feared for their viciousness, and their indifference displayed towards the political motivations of their clients. Despite their ubiquity on European battlefields, and their role in repulsing the 1529 Ottoman invasion of Austria, by 1530 the Landsknechte and their families were perceived as thoroughly dishonorable by central Reformation society and were legally excluded from most urban centers. This study engages with a critical assessment of contemporary songs, religious pamphlets, broadsheets, political treatises, autobiographic sources, and belletristic representations of the Landsknechte to explore the paradoxical relationship that they maintained with the state actors that relied on their employment. Through engaging with the cultural genres present in these depictions, the othering of the Landsknechte stems from their origin as the militaristic arm of Emperor Maximilian I’s attempted centralization of the Holy Roman Empire, continuing with the economic challenge the mercenary lifestyle posed to traditional social structures, and ending with their inextricable association between with the increasingly destructive and intrusive military-fiscal state. © Copyright 2018 by Andrew Arthur Hodnet All Rights Reserved The Othering of the Landsknechte by Andrew Arthur Hodnet A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts History Raleigh, North Carolina 2018 APPROVED BY: _______________________________ _______________________________ Dr. Verena Kasper-Marienberg Dr. -
Beyond Work Ethic: Religion, Individual and Political Preference
A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Basten, Christoph Carl; Betz, Frank Working Paper Beyond work ethic: Religion, individual and political preference KOF Working Papers, No. 309 Provided in Cooperation with: KOF Swiss Economic Institute, ETH Zurich Suggested Citation: Basten, Christoph Carl; Betz, Frank (2012) : Beyond work ethic: Religion, individual and political preference, KOF Working Papers, No. 309, ETH Zurich, KOF Swiss Economic Institute, Zurich, http://dx.doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-007349793 This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80857 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. may exercise further usage rights as specified in the indicated licence. www.econstor.eu KOF Working Papers Beyond Work Ethic: Religion, Individual and Political Preference Christoph Basten and Frank Betz No. -
Peer Review on Development Finance Statistics
PEER REVIEW ON DEVELOPMENT FINANCE STATISTICS SWITZERLAND 2 Table of contents Introduction – Overview of Switzerland’s development co-operation, key priorities and the budgeting process 4 The Federal Dispatch on Switzerland's International Co-operation 2017–2020 (FDFA and EAER, 2016[1]) 4 1. What are the main statistical policy issues? 8 1.1. Overview of Switzerland’s ODA budget 8 1.2. Peace and security 9 1.3. In-donor refugee costs and migration 10 1.4. Calculation of ODA costs for representations abroad 13 1.5. The Swiss Investment Fund for Emerging Markets (SIFEM) 13 1.6. Proposed Recommendations – Dimension 1 16 2. How to make domestic data collection more effective and efficient? 17 2.1. The statistical system 17 2.2. Challenges of the data collection 20 2.3. Proposed Recommendations – Dimension 2 21 3. How to improve reporting to the OECD and how to consolidate quality reporting over time? 23 3.1. Quality assurance process and DAC Reporting 23 3.2. CRS Reporting of other Government agencies 25 4. How to better monitor recommendations and commitments, for example the DAC Recommendations on Untying ODA and on the Terms and Conditions of Aid, and the commitment on increasing aid to countries most in need? 30 4.1. Untying aid 30 4.2. Implementation of the 2030 Agenda and TOSSD 31 4.3. Proposed Recommendations – Dimension 4 33 5. How to improve transparency and the related performance on transparency indicators and indices? 34 5.1. Transparency and IATI 34 5.2. Proposed Recommendations – Dimension 5 35 PEER REVIEW ON DEVELOPMENT FINANCE STATISTICS OF SWITZERLAND 3 6. -
Living and Working In
Living and working in Switzerland The country and its population Entry and stay Living in Switzerland Working in Switzerland Social security Source: www.swissemigration.ch Federal Office for Migration FOM Foreword Table of contents Foreword ........................................................................................2 Table of contents.......................................................................2 Aims ........................................................................................3 Legal note ................................................................................3 The country and its population ...........................................................4 Geography................................................................................4 Climate ....................................................................................4 History.....................................................................................4 Government..............................................................................5 Population ................................................................................6 Languages................................................................................6 Religion....................................................................................6 Currency ..................................................................................7 Electricity .................................................................................7 Transportation ..........................................................................7 -
Enjoy Your Trip!
LICEO Delle SCIENZE UMANE (ex Magistrale) “C.T. BELLINI” - NOVARA Baluardo La Marmora, 10 - 28100 NOVARA - tel. 0321 - 627125 fax 0321 - 399618 - www.liceobellini.gov.it Casella di Posta Certificata [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] codice fiscale 80016580039 - Codice univoco PA: UFUDDL SIGHTSEEING NOVARA STAY WITH US LEARN MORE BE HAPPY ENJOY YOUR TRIP! HISTORY A Roman settlement Ancient Novara was founded in ancient times by the Romans. Its name is formed from Nov, meaning "new", and Aria, the name the Cisalpine Gauls used for the surrounding region. Ancient Novaria, which dates to the time of the Ligures and the Celts, was a municipium and was situated on the road from Vercellae (Vercelli) to (Mediolanum) Milan. Its position on perpendicular roads (still intact Historical Map during the Roman period in Novara (89 b.C) today) dates to the time of the Romans. During Roman occupation (196 b.C) Novara was called Novaria. In this period the city was defended by walls. The walls were more than 2 Kilometres long. These walls had four doors which connected: 1. Novara to Milan 2. Novara to Vercellae 3. Novara to Tortona and Genoa 4. Novara to Ossola mountain passes. Today you can see remains of these walls in Cavour Square and Largo Solaroli. You can also visit the “Canonica Museum” and the “Archeological Museum” to find interesting artifact of this era. After the city was destroyed in 386 by Magnus Maximus for having supported his rival Valentinian II, it was rebuilt by Theodosius I. SubseQuently, it was sacked by Radagaisus (in 405) and Attila(in 452). -
German Trivia
German trivia 1. About how many people live in Lichtenstein? 11,000 22,000 33,000 2. T/F - Denmark is to the east of Germany. north 3. How many hay hotels are there in Lower Saxony? 70 700 7,000 4. T/F - Germany makes and sells 20% of the world’s environmental technology. 5. Ingolstadt is __________ of Nuremburg. North South East 6. T/F - Holland is to the south of Germany. west 7. How large is Liechtenstein? 60mi 80mi 100mi 8. How long does the average Austrian work a week? 35 hrs 40hrs 45hrs 9. T / F – The largest department store in continental Europe is known as the KaDeWe and is located in Berlin. 10. How many golf courses are there in Germany? 474 674 874 11. T / F – The largest zoo in the world in terms of size and species is located in Germany. 12. In Oberammergau, as soon as the play is over, men get a: Kiss Haircut Check 13. T / F – The world’s oldest Billionaire lives in Germany. (youngest with $1.9 billion) 14. How many registered zoos are in Germany? 114 214 414 15. T / F – rabbits feet bring are lucky to have 16. How much coffee do Viennese people drink a day? a cup a pint a gallon 17. T / F – Summer vacation for German students is 6 weeks long. 18. In what month does Liechtenstein celebrate Assumption Day? Jan March August 19. Is Wien hilly or flat? 20. Near Munich you can go see the arbeitscamp called Dachau. What year was it installed? 1910 1933 1945 21. -
the SWISS CONFEDERATION Os ~.•
DhananjayarHo Gadgil Lihmry IlIfill 11111 1111111111 11111 11111 1111 llfi GIPE-PUNE-002527 . THE SWISS CONFEDERATION oS ~.• THE SWISS CONFEDERATION BY SIR FRANCIS OTTIWELL ADAMS ItC.M.G., C.B. LATB IlBR MAJUTY'S ENVOY EXTRAORDINARY AND MINISTER PLENIPOTENTIARY AT BEEN AND C. D. CUNNINGHAM WITH A MAP lLonbon MACMILLAN AND co. AND NEW YORK 1889 THIS VOLUME IS DEDICATED BY SPECIAL PERMISSION TO HIS EXCELLENCY THE PRESIDENT OF THE SWISS CONFEDERATION AND THE OTHER MEMBERS OF THE FEDERAL COUNCIL PREFACE IN this work the authors have endeavoured to give a succinct account of the rise a~d progress of the Swiss Confederation through the seven phases of its develop ment, and of the legislative, executive, and judicial authorities which exercise the Federal sovereignty under the amended Constitution of 1874. The nature of the Referendum, or popular vote, whether Federal or can tonal, which is an institution peculiar to Switzerland; ..the right of Initiative granted to a single voter or body of voters to set on foot proposals for new legislation or for the alteration or abolition of existing laws; and the Communes, which are the basis of Swiss republican in stitutions, are treated in separate chapters. The Cantons and their Tribunals, the organization of the Army, the system of Education, Religion, Agriculture, Commerce, and some few other subjects, are also dealt with, and in Chapter XIX we have attempted a short comparison between the political institutions of the ancient Swiss Confederation and the more modern Republic of the United States of America. 'Ve have thought that a work treating of more serious subjects than those usually to be met with. -
Wandel Der Schweizer Militärdoktrin Infolge Des Endes Des Kalten Krieges
PEACE RESEARCH INSTITUTE FRANKFURT Sabine Mannitz The Normative Construction of the Soldier in Switzerland: Constitutional Conditions and Public Political Discourse The Swiss Case PRIF- Research Paper No. I/9-2007 © PRIF & Sabine Mannitz 2007 Research Project „The Image of the Democratic Soldier: Tensions Between the Organisation of Armed Forces and the Principles of Democracy in European Comparison“ Funded by the Volkswagen Foundation 2006-2009 Contents Introduction 2 1. Historical Roots and Traditional Rationale of Conscription in Switzerland 3 2. The Swiss Militia System: How it Works 7 3. Post Cold-War Changes in the Constitutional Regulations and Task Allocations of the Swiss Armed Forces 11 4. The Swiss Format of Soldiering Contested 18 Final Remarks 25 References 27 Mannitz: German Case I/9-2007 2 Introduction In terms of its military system, Switzerland represents an odd case in present day comparison. At a time when more and more countries withdraw from maintaining conscription based armed forces, Switzerland continues to enforce compulsory military service for all male citizens. The maintenance of standing troops is prohibited in the constitution of the Swiss Federation. The military is organised in the fashion of a decentralised militia which is mobilised only for training. The militia systems shapes a mass reserve corps of a ‘nation in arms’ that is supplemented by a small number of professionals for stand-by, for the Swiss participation in out-of-area missions, and – foremost – for the instruction of the conscripts. Also in terms of its membership in international organisations and in defence communities in particular, Switzerland follows a distinct policy: The Swiss defence concept is tied to a foreign policy of neutrality, and the country is therefore keeping an isolationist profile in all of those international organisations that aim at collaboration in their foreign policies.