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ACFC/SR (2001) 2 (Original Language French)

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ACFC/SR (2001) 2 (Original Language French) ACFC/SR (2001) 2 (original language French) REPORT SUBMITTED BY SWITZERLAND PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 25 PARAGRAPH 1 OF THE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NATIONAL MINORITIES (received 16 May 2001) The Swiss Government’s Initial Report on the implementation of the Council of Europe’s Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities April 2001 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS PART ONE General overview of the situation of minorities in Switzerland and the way in which Switzerland has sought to implement the Framework Convention 1.INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................7 2. DEMOGRAPHIC SITUATION AND BASIC ECONOMIC DATA..................................9 3. SWITZERLAND: A PLURALIST COMMUNITY.........................................................12 4. GENERAL POLITICAL STRUCTURE..........................................................................14 4.1 Historical overview ............................................................................................14 4.2 Federalism..........................................................................................................16 4.3 The confedederation...........................................................................................17 4.3.1. Executive: the Federal Council .................................................................17 4.3.2. Legislative: the Federal Parliament ...........................................................18 4.3.3. Judiciary: the Federal Court......................................................................19 4.4 The cantons........................................................................................................19 4.5. The municipalities.............................................................................................20 4.6. Instruments of direct democracy........................................................................21 5. GENERAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS.21 5.1. Constitutional protection of fundamental rights .................................................21 5.2 Competent authorities with regard to human rights and the possibilities of recourse of persons claiming that their rights have been violated............................................23 6. THE STATUS OF INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC LAW IN THE DOMESTIC LEGAL ORDER...............................................................................................................................23 7. INFORMATION AND PUBLICITY...............................................................................24 3 PART TWO Consideration of the various provisions of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities ARTICLE 1 .......................................................................................................................25 1. SWISS PARTICIPATION IN AND CO-OPERATION WITH THE ACTIVITIES OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS.............................................................................25 1.1. International Agreements 1.2. Encouragement of multilateral efforts designed to protect national minorities 1.3. Other activities for the protection of national minorities deployed by Switzerland at international level 2. LEGAL PROTECTION OF NATIONAL MINORITIES IN SWITZERLAND ...............29 ARTICLE 2 .......................................................................................................................30 ARTICLE 3 .......................................................................................................................30 1. INFORMATION ON NATIONAL MINORITIES IN SWITZERLAND .........................31 1.1. Linguistic minorities 1.2. Religious minorities 1.3. Other minorities 2. THE CONCEPT OF NATIONAL MINORITY IN THE SWISS LEGAL ORDER..........32 3. ADDITIONAL STATISTICAL INFORMATION...........................................................33 ARTICLE 4 .......................................................................................................................34 1. EQUALITY BEFORE THE LAW...................................................................................34 2. THE PROHIBITION OF DISCRIMINATION ................................................................35 3. MEASURES TAKEN TO ELIMINATE INDIRECT DISCRIMINATION OF WHICH NATIONAL MINORITIES MAY BE VICTIMS ................................................................35 ARTICLE 5 .......................................................................................................................35 1. SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPING THE CULTURE AND IDENTITY OF NATIONAL MINORITIES AS REGARDS THEIR RELIGION, LANGUAGE, TRADITIONS AND CULTURAL HERITAGE..................................................................35 1.1. Religion 1.2. Languages 1.3. Culture 2. POLICY ON THE INTEGRATION OF NATIONAL MINORITIES ..............................44 3. PROTECTION AGAINST FORCED ASSIMILATION..................................................44 4 4. OFFICIAL INSTITUTIONS CONTRIBUTING TO THE ATTAINMENT OF THE OBJECTIVES OF ARTICLE 5 TO A PARTICULAR EXTENT ........................................44 4.1. The Federal Commission against Racism 4.2. Other official institutions ARTICLE 6 .......................................................................................................................45 1. MEASURES TO PROMOTE TOLERANCE ..................................................................45 1.1. Education 1.1.1. At the cantonal level 1.1.2. At the federal level 1.2. Culture 1.3. The media 2. APPROPRIATE MEASURES IN THE FIELD OF LEGAL PROTECTION...................49 ARTICLE 7 .......................................................................................................................51 1. FREEDOM OF ASSEMBLY ..........................................................................................51 2. FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION .....................................................................................53 ARTICLE 8 .......................................................................................................................56 1.THE RIGHT TO MANIFEST ONE’S RELIGION OR BELIEF.......................................56 2. FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS ........................................57 ARTICLE 9 .......................................................................................................................57 1. FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION, FREEDOM TO HOLD OPINIONS AND FREEDOM TO RECEIVE AND IMPART INFORMATION.......................................................................58 ARTICLE 10......................................................................................................................61 1. GUARANTEE IN LINGUISTIC MATTERS..................................................................61 1.1. Applicable provisions 1.2. Freedom of language in the Swiss legal order 2. USE OF A MINORITY LANGUAGE IN RELATIONS BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS ....62 3. USE OF A MINORITY LANGUAGE IN RELATIONS WITH THE ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITIES ..................................................................................................................62 4. GUARANTEES RELATING AS TO THE USE OF LANGUAGE IN CRIMINAL MATTERS..........................................................................................................................63 ARTICLE 11......................................................................................................................64 1. USE OF NAME (OR PATRONYMIC) ...........................................................................64 2. DISPLAYING SIGNS AND OTHER INFORMATION OF A PRIVATE NATURE VISIBLE TO THE PUBLIC................................................................................................65 5 3. PLACE NAMES .............................................................................................................65 ARTICLE 12......................................................................................................................66 ARTICLE 13......................................................................................................................67 ARTICLE 14......................................................................................................................68 ARTICLE 15......................................................................................................................69 1. PARTICIPATION OF NATIONAL MINORITIES IN CULTURAL, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC LIFE ..............................................................................................................69 2. PARTICIPATION OF NATIONAL MINORITIES IN PUBLIC AFFAIRS.....................69 2.1. Representation of minorities in the central institutions of the State 2.2. Protection of minorities in the context of the organisational autonomy of cantons 2.3. Protection of minorities in connection with the preparation, adoption and implementation of the law ARTICLE 16......................................................................................................................71 ARTICLE 17......................................................................................................................73 ARTICLE 18......................................................................................................................73 ARTICLES 19 TO 32........................................................................................................74 6 PART ONE General overview
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