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Brominated Flame Retardants and Selected Polyfluorinated Compounds in 2009

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Brominated Flame Retardants and Selected Polyfluorinated Compounds in 2009 Statlig program for forurensningsovervåking Rapportnr. 1067/2010 TA Environmental screening of selected ”new” 2625 brominated flame retardants and selected 2010 polyfluorinated compounds 2009 Utført av DNV i samarbeid med NGI, Universitetet i Umeå, Universitetet i Örebro og Molab AS Environmental screening of selected ”new” brominated flame retardants and polyfluorinated compounds 2009 (TA-2625/2010) Foreword Det Norske Veritas AS (DNV), the Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), University of Umeå, University of Örebro and Molab AS have on behalf of the Climate and Pollution Agency carried out the screening survey of "new" brominated flame retardants and selected polyfluorinated compounds in 2009. In this screening project several samples in different environmental matrices have been taken in different parts of Norway. This includes sediment from receiving waters and waste water treatment plants, water from waste disposal sites and waste water treatment plants, air samples, biota samples, soil samples and seepage water from fire fighting training grounds. The results from all samples are presented and discussed in this report. Especially a thanks to University of Umeå for a tremendous job with all work related to development of analytical methods and analysis of the “new” brominated flame retardants and also to the University of Örebro for analysing the polyfluorinated compounds. In general a special thanks to all which have contributed in this project and especially to: Det Norske Veritas AS (DNV) Tormod Glette, Amund Ulfsnes, Anders Bergslien, Christian Volan, Marte Braathen for field work and logistic, Sam Arne Nøland for verification and control and Gjermund Gravir for GIS related work. Also thanks to Jens Laugesen for support and discussions. Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI) Hans Peter Arp for field work and reporting and Arne Pettersen for logistic. University of Umeå Jenny Rattfelt Nyholm, Roman Grabic and Patrik Andersson for analytical work and reporting. University of Örebro Anna Kärrman and Kristin Elgh-Dalgren for analytical work and reporting. Molab AS Marco Skibnes Venzi for performing the air sampling and reporting. Acknowledgements Thank you to Bård Nordbø at the Climate and Pollution Agency for good co operation and clear communication. Also thanks to all representatives at the different plants included in this screening. Without good will and co operation from all of them this kind of project would be difficult to execute. Høvik, 12 April 2010-04-13 Thomas Møskeland, Project leader (DNV) 1 Environmental screening of selected ”new” brominated flame retardants and polyfluorinated compounds 2009 (TA-2625/2010) Content 1. Summary..................................................................................................3 2. Sammendrag............................................................................................5 3. Introduction.............................................................................................8 3.1 Flame retardants........................................................................................................... 8 3.2 Brominated Flame Retardants...................................................................................... 9 3.2.1 Background.................................................................................................................. 9 3.2.2 Production.................................................................................................................. 10 3.2.3 Environmental release, transport and persistence ...................................................... 10 3.2.4 Toxicity and ecotoxicology........................................................................................ 11 3.2.5 Regulations................................................................................................................. 11 3.2.6 Current levels of BFRs in the Norwegian environment and other parts of the world12 3.2.7 Shift in focus towards emerging “new” BFRs........................................................... 13 3.3 Polyfluorinated compounds ....................................................................................... 14 3.3.1 Background................................................................................................................ 14 3.3.2 Production.................................................................................................................. 15 3.3.3 Environmental Release, Transport and Persistence ................................................... 16 3.3.4 Toxicology and ecotoxicology................................................................................... 17 3.3.5 Regulations................................................................................................................. 18 3.3.6 Environmental levels (published data)....................................................................... 19 3.3.7 Current levels in the Norwegian environment ........................................................... 19 3.4 Background and purpose of the study........................................................................ 21 4. Description of substances included in the screening .........................22 4.1 Newly prioritized brominated flame retardants ......................................................... 22 4.2 Polyfluorinated compounds ....................................................................................... 23 5. Material and methods...........................................................................24 5.1 Description of sampling sites..................................................................................... 24 5.1.1 Drammen area............................................................................................................ 25 5.1.2 Hokksund area............................................................................................................ 26 5.1.3 Lillehammer area ....................................................................................................... 27 5.1.4 Tromsø area................................................................................................................ 27 5.1.5 Bergen area ................................................................................................................ 28 5.1.6 Haugesund area.......................................................................................................... 28 5.2 Sampling and sample treatment................................................................................. 29 5.2.1 Drammen area............................................................................................................ 30 5.2.2 Hokksund area............................................................................................................ 35 5.2.3 Lillehammer area ....................................................................................................... 37 5.2.4 Tromsø area................................................................................................................ 39 5.2.5 Haugesund area.......................................................................................................... 41 5.2.6 Bergen area ................................................................................................................ 43 5.3 Chemical analysis ...................................................................................................... 47 5.3.1 Brominated flame retardants...................................................................................... 47 5.3.2 Polyflourinated compounds ....................................................................................... 50 1 Environmental screening of selected ”new” brominated flame retardants and polyfluorinated compounds 2009 (TA-2625/2010) 6. Results and discussion ..........................................................................55 6.1 Brominated flame retardants...................................................................................... 57 6.2 Polyfluorinated compounds ....................................................................................... 73 7. Conclusions ............................................................................................88 7.1 Brominated flame retardants (BFRs)......................................................................... 88 7.2 Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs)............................................................................. 89 8. References ..............................................................................................91 9. Appendix I – Analytical results .........................................................109 10. Appendix II – PNEC values for BFRs...............................................122 11. Appendix III – Description of “new” BFRs included in the screening123 12. Appendix IV – Description of PFCs included in the screening ......150 2 Environmental screening of selected ”new” brominated flame retardants and polyfluorinated compounds 2009 (TA-2625/2010) 1. Summary Det Norske Veritas AS (DNV), the Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), University of Umeå, University of Örebro and Molab AS have on behalf of the Climate and Pollution Agency carried out the screening survey of "new" brominated flame retardants and selected polyfluorinated compounds in 2009. In this study, decaBDE, 14 “new” priority brominated flame retardants (BFR), selected polyfluorinated compounds
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