Development of Non-Targeted Approaches to Evidence Emerging Chemical Hazard
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Trimethylacetic Formic Anhydride Precipitation from Ethanol and Diethyl Ether, M.P
PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/16408 Please be advised that this information was generated on 2021-09-24 and may be subject to change. 460 Edward J. Vlietsira et al. / Trimethylacetic formic anhydride precipitation from ethanol and diethyl ether, m.p. 240°C (dec.); Acknowledgements [a]5 5 —140° (c 1.0, water). MS: M* 700. We thank Mr. P. Kranenburg for valuable technical as N-(6,14-endo-Etheno-7,8-dihydromorphine-7ai-carbonyl)-L- sistance and Messrs. J. A. de Groot, L. J. M. Helvensteijn -phenylalanyl-L-leucinol (14) and E. F. Lameijer for carrying out preliminary experi The hydrochloride of 12 (1.63 g, 2.4 mmol) was converted into the ments. We are grateful to the Management of Diosynth base and dissolved in 30 ml of anhydrous 2-propanol. To this B. V., Apeldoorn, The Netherlands, for gifts of chemicals. solution, 1.5 g (15 mmol) of anhydrous calcium chloride and We thank the U.S.A. Committee on Problems of Drug 1.14 g (30 mmol) of sodium tetrahydroborate were added. The Dependence and Dr. A. E. Jacobson, Biological Coordi conversion was complete (TLC) after 6 days at 35°C. Water nator, for the results of the pharmacological studies. We (50 ml) was then added and the mixture acidified with 2 N hydro gen chloride to pH 2-3. Extraction with a mixture of chloroform are indebted to Dr. -
SODIUM FORMATE, Hydrate
CXSO045 - SODIUM FORMATE, hydrate SODIUM FORMATE, hydrate Safety Data Sheet CXSO045 Date of issue: 04/04/2017 Version: 1.0 SECTION 1: Identification 1.1. Product identifier Product name : SODIUM FORMATE, hydrate Product code : CXSO045 Product form : Substance Physical state : Solid Formula : CHNaO2 Synonyms : FORMIC ACID, ZINC SALT, DIHYDRATE DIFORMATOZINC DIHYDRATE ZINC DIFORMATE DIHYDRATE Chemical family : METAL COMPOUND 1.2. Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use Recommended use : Chemical intermediate For research and industrial use only 1.3. Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet GELEST, INC. 11 East Steel Road Morrisville, PA 19067 USA T 215-547-1015 - F 215-547-2484 - (M-F): 8:00 AM - 5:30 PM EST [email protected] - www.gelest.com 1.4. Emergency telephone number Emergency number : CHEMTREC: 1-800-424-9300 (USA); +1 703-527-3887 (International) SECTION 2: Hazard(s) identification 2.1. Classification of the substance or mixture GHS-US classification Not classified 2.2. Label elements GHS-US labeling No labeling applicable 2.3. Hazards not otherwise classified (HNOC) No additional information available 2.4. Unknown acute toxicity (GHS US) No data available SECTION 3: Composition/Information on ingredients 3.1. Substances Substance type : Mono-constituent Name : SODIUM FORMATE, hydrate CAS No : 141-53-7 Name Product identifier % GHS-US classification Sodium formate (CAS No) 141-53-7 95 - 100 Not classified Full text of hazard classes and H-statements : see section 16 3.2. Mixtures Not applicable 4.1. Description of first aid measures First-aid measures general : Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. -
Synthesis of High Carbon Materials from Acetylenic Precursors
Reprinted from The Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1988, Vol. 53, page 2489 Copyright @ 1988 by the American Chemical Society and reprinted by permission of the copyright owner. Synthesis of High Carbon Materials from Acetylenic Precursors. Preparation of Aromatic Monomers Bearing Multiple Ethynyl Groups1 Thomas X. Neenan and George M. Whitesides* Department of Chemistry, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 Received October 13, 1987 The synthesis of polyethynyl aromatics as starting materials for the preparation of highly cross-linked organic solids containing high atom fractions of carbon is described. Treatment of bromo- and iodoaromatic compounds with (trimethylsily1)acetylene (TMSA) in the presence of palladium(0)and copper(1) in amine solvents yields (trimethylsily1)ethynyl-substituted aromatics. The TMS protecting groups can be removed by hydrolysis with mild base. Compounds prepared by using this technique include 1,3-diethynylbenzene,2,5-diethynylthiophene, 1,3-diethynyltetrafluorobenzene,1,4-diethynyltetrafluorobenzene, 2-ethynylthiazole, 2,4-diethynylthiazole, 2,7- diethynylnaphthalene, hexakis((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)benzene, tetraethynylthiophene, 2,5-bis((trimethy1- silyl)ethynyl)-3,4-bis(3-hydroxy-3-methyl-l-butynyl)thiophene,2,5-diethyny1-3,4-bis(3-hydroxy-3-methyl-l-b~- tynyl)thiophene, 2,5-bis(4-(2-thienyl)butadiynyl)-3,4-bis(3-hydroxy-3-methyl-l-butynyl)thiophene,and 2,5-bis- (4-(2-thienyl)butadiynyl)-3,4-diethynylthiophene. Introduction We are engaged in a project aimed at the preparation of organic solids -
Synthetic Turf Scientific Advisory Panel Meeting Materials
California Environmental Protection Agency Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment Synthetic Turf Study Synthetic Turf Scientific Advisory Panel Meeting May 31, 2019 MEETING MATERIALS THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment California Environmental Protection Agency Agenda Synthetic Turf Scientific Advisory Panel Meeting May 31, 2019, 9:30 a.m. – 4:00 p.m. 1001 I Street, CalEPA Headquarters Building, Sacramento Byron Sher Auditorium The agenda for this meeting is given below. The order of items on the agenda is provided for general reference only. The order in which items are taken up by the Panel is subject to change. 1. Welcome and Opening Remarks 2. Synthetic Turf and Playground Studies Overview 4. Synthetic Turf Field Exposure Model Exposure Equations Exposure Parameters 3. Non-Targeted Chemical Analysis Volatile Organics on Synthetic Turf Fields Non-Polar Organics Constituents in Crumb Rubber Polar Organic Constituents in Crumb Rubber 5. Public Comments: For members of the public attending in-person: Comments will be limited to three minutes per commenter. For members of the public attending via the internet: Comments may be sent via email to [email protected]. Email comments will be read aloud, up to three minutes each, by staff of OEHHA during the public comment period, as time allows. 6. Further Panel Discussion and Closing Remarks 7. Wrap Up and Adjournment Agenda Synthetic Turf Advisory Panel Meeting May 31, 2019 THIS PAGE LEFT BLANK INTENTIONALLY Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment California Environmental Protection Agency DRAFT for Discussion at May 2019 SAP Meeting. Table of Contents Synthetic Turf and Playground Studies Overview May 2019 Update ..... -
PINE RIVER CONTAMINATION SURVEY St
PINE RIVER CONTAMINATION SURVEY St. Louis, Michigan [June 2-6, 1980] October 1980 CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION. .......................... 1 SUMMARY ............................. 2 CONCLUSIONS ........................... 2 RECOMMENDATION. ......................... 3 TECHNICAL ANALYSIS BACKGROUND. ........................... 4 STUDY METHODS .......................... 6 ANALYTICAL RESULTS. ....................... 11 TOXICITY AND HEALTH EFFECTS ................... 14 EVALUATION OF FINDINGS. ..................... 17 APPENDICES A ELUTRIATION STUDY, PINE RIVER SEDIMENT B SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL METHODOLOGY C TOXIC DATA COMPLETION METHODS TABLES 1 River Water Sampling Stations (RWS) Locations. ....... 8 2 River Sediment Sampling (RSS) Locations. .......... 9 3 Sediment Core Descriptions ................. 10 4 River Sediment Samples (RSS) ................ 13 5 Priority Pollutants. .................... 15 FIGURE 1 River Sampling Locations . EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION * A survey conducted in 1974 by the Michigan Department oc Natural Re- sources (DNR) indicated severe contamination of the Pine River sediments in ** the St. Louis, Michigan Reservoir and below the Velsicol Chemical Corpo- ration (VCC) plant site. Several organic compounds were identified in the study including: DOT and associated analogs (total DOT: 293 mg/kg), phthalates (19.5 mg/kg), polybrominated biphenyls (PBB : 9.0 mg/kg), and oils (19,000 mg/kg). Flesh analyses of Pine River fish showed high levels of PBB (0.87 mg/kg), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB 1254: 1.99 mg/kg), and total DOT (1.65 mg/kg). A Michigan Department of Public Health warning against consumption of Pine River fish from St. Louis 60 km downstream to the confluence with the Chippewa River was issued in November 1974, because of PBB contamination. This warning was renewed in 1976 and still remains in effect. A In a publication dated June 15, 1979, concerning the contaminated Pine River the Michigan DNR recommended the following: (1) The St. -
Indane Acetic Acid Derivatives and Their Use As Pharmaceutical Agents, Intermediates, and Method of Preparation
(19) TZZ___T (11) EP 1 578 715 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication and mention (51) Int Cl.: of the grant of the patent: C07C 57/62 (2006.01) C07C 69/612 (2006.01) 02.03.2011 Bulletin 2011/09 C07C 211/48 (2006.01) C07C 327/48 (2006.01) C07D 261/20 (2006.01) C07D 209/08 (2006.01) (2006.01) (2006.01) (21) Application number: 03800063.4 C07D 307/79 C07D 277/64 C07D 215/06 (2006.01) C07D 333/10 (2006.01) C07D 239/30 (2006.01) C07D 239/26 (2006.01) (22) Date of filing: 19.12.2003 C07D 401/04 (2006.01) A61K 31/33 (2006.01) A61K 31/185 (2006.01) (86) International application number: PCT/US2003/040842 (87) International publication number: WO 2004/058174 (15.07.2004 Gazette 2004/29) (54) INDANE ACETIC ACID DERIVATIVES AND THEIR USE AS PHARMACEUTICAL AGENTS, INTERMEDIATES, AND METHOD OF PREPARATION INDANESSIGSÄURE-DERIVATE UND IHRE VERWENDUNG ALS PHARMAZEUTISCHE MITTEL SOWIE ZWISCHENPRODUKTE UND METHODEN ZU IHRER HERSTELLUNG DERIVES D’ACIDE ACETIQUE D’INDANE ET LEUR UTILISATION EN TANT QU’AGENTS PHARMACEUTIQUES ET INTERMEDIAIRES, ET PROCEDE DE PREPARATION CORRESPONDANT (84) Designated Contracting States: • LIANG, Sidney, X. DE ES FR GB IT Bethany, CT 06524 (US) • AKUCHE, Christiana (30) Priority: 20.12.2002 US 435310 P Hamden, CT 06514 (US) • LAVOIE, Rico, C. (43) Date of publication of application: Hamden, CT 06517 (US) 28.09.2005 Bulletin 2005/39 • CHEN, Libing Milford, CT 06460 (US) (73) Proprietor: Bayer Pharmaceuticals Corporation • MAJUMDAR, Dyuti West Haven, CT 06516 (US) Milford, CT 06460 (US) • WICKENS, Philip, L. -
The Activation of Surface Films of Lecithin by Amphipathic Molecules
Vol. 72 493 The Activation of Surface Films of Lecithin by Amphipathic Molecules BY R. M. C. DAWSON AND A. D. BANGHAM Agricultural Research Council Institute of Animcw Physiology,, Babraham, Cambridge (Received, 31 December 1958) In the preceding paper it was shown that a phos- methanol-chloroform (1:1, v/v) and the auspension pholipase prepared,from Penicllium notatum will filtered. The filtrates were pooled and evaporated to hydrolyse lecithin only after the, addition,, of a dryness in vacuo. The,lipid residue was then dissolved in minimum proportion of anionic amphipathic 50 ml. of ethanol and the ethanol removed in vacuo to complete dehydration. The,residue was next thoroughly molecules1 e.g. dicetylphosphoric acid, cardiolipin, extracted with 100 ml. of-diethyl, ether; insoluble matter sodium dodecyl sulphate (Bangham & Dawson, was removed by filtration and the filtrate evaporated to 1959), The onset of hydrolysis occurred, only when dryness. The residue was dissolved in 4 ml. of ether and the emulsion particles carried a minimum net 40 ml. of acetone was added;-after allowing the solution to negative charge, independent of the .species of stand for 1 hr. at 0°, the precipitate of phospholipids was anion added. recovered by centrifuging. The, acetone-damp precipitate The question arose whether the negative charge was extracted, first with,8 ml. of chloroform -methanol on the surface of the emulsion particle was ,directly (1:1, v/v), and then onc,e more with 4 ml. of the same concerned with the reaction between enzyme,and solvent, any insoluble material-beAg"remroved by centri- substrate at the or whether it fuging. -
Effects of Sodium Formate and Calcium Propionate Additives On
animals Article Effects of Sodium Formate and Calcium Propionate Additives on the Fermentation Quality and Microbial Community of Wet Brewers Grains after Short-Term Storage Jingyi Lv, Xinpeng Fang, Guanzhi Feng, Guangning Zhang , Chao Zhao, Yonggen Zhang and Yang Li * College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; [email protected] (J.L.); [email protected] (X.F.); [email protected] (G.F.); [email protected] (G.Z.); [email protected] (C.Z.); [email protected] (Y.Z.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel./Fax: +86-0451-5519-0840 Received: 27 July 2020; Accepted: 7 September 2020; Published: 9 September 2020 Simple Summary: The objective of this study was to examine the effect of sodium formate and calcium propionate on the fermentation quality and microbial community of wet brewers grains (WBG) after short-term storage. Both additives improved the silage quality of WBG ensiled for 20 days to different extents. However, ensiled WBG treated with sodium formate had higher contents of dry matter, water-soluble carbohydrates, and neutral detergent fibers and better fermentation quality, rumen degradation, and microbial composition. The addition of sodium formate enhances the abundance of desirable Lactobacillus and reduces the abundance of undesirable microorganisms, including Clostridium. In summary, during short-term storage of high-moisture feed, sodium formate has a more beneficial preservation effect than an equivalent dose of calcium propionate. Abstract: The objective of this research was to examine the effect of sodium formate (SF) and calcium propionate (CAP) on the fermentation characteristics and microbial community of wet brewers grains (WBG) after short-term storage. -
Hexachlorobenzene UNITED NATIONS
UNITED NATIONS RC UNEP/FAO/RC/CRC.5/10/Add.1 Distr.: General 2 December 2008 United Nations English only Environment Programme Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade Chemical Review Committee Fifth meeting Rome, 23–27 March 2009 Item 4 (b) (vii) of the provisional agenda* Listing of chemicals in Annex III to the Rotterdam Convention: review of notifications of final regulatory actions to ban or severely restrict a chemical: hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobenzene Note by the Secretariat Addendum Supporting documentation provided by Canada The Secretariat has the honour to provide, in the annex to the present note, documentation received from Canada to support its notification of final regulatory action on hexachlorobenzene as an industrial chemical. * UNEP/FAO/RC/CRC.5/1. K0842870 161208 For reasons of economy, this document is printed in a limited number. Delegates are kindly requested to bring their copies to meetings and not to request additional copies. UNEP/FAO/RC/CRC.5/10/Add.1 Annex • Hexachlorobenzene: Priority Substances List Assessment Report, Environment Canada, Health Canada. • Environmental Assessments of Priority Substances Under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, Guidance Manual, Version 1.0 — March 1997. Environment Canada. • SOR/2005-41; CANADIAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT, 1999; Prohibition of Certain Toxic Substances Regulations, 2005, Canada Government Gazette. 2 Canadian -
Aminoindanesthe Next Wave of Legal Highs?
Drug Testing Review and Analysis Received: 23 May 2011 Accepted: 24 May 2011 Published online in Wiley Online Library: 11 July 2011 (www.drugtestinganalysis.com) DOI 10.1002/dta.318 Aminoindanes – the next wave of ‘legal highs’? P.D. Sainsbury,a A.T. Kicman,a R.P. Archer,b L.A. Kinga and R.A. Braithwaitea∗ Due to its closed ring system, 2-aminoindane is a conformationally rigid analogue of amphetamine. Internet websites offering synthetic compounds as ‘research chemicals’ have recently been advertising 5,6-methylenedioxy-2-aminoindane (MDAI), 5, 6-methylenedioxy-N-methyl-2-aminoindane (MDMAI), 5-iodo-2-aminoindane (5-IAI), and 5-methoxy-6-methyl-2-aminoindane (MMAI). The chemistry, pharmacology, and toxicological aspects of this new class of psychoactive substances are reviewed, as these could become the next wave of ‘legal highs’. Copyright c 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Keywords: aminoindanes; legal highs; MDAI; MDMAI; 5-IAI; MMAI; serotonin. Introduction Pharmacology Although Solomons and Sam reported in 1973 that the aminoin- Historically, the terms ‘legal highs’ and ‘herbal highs’ referred to danes possessed significant bronchodilating and analgesic blends of psychoactive plants or fungi that could be smoked properties,[2] more recent research points to the aminoindanes as or ingested to induce dissociative effects and hallucinations. having potent effects on serotonin release and re-uptake. A num- These terms, however, have more recently been widened to ber of studies undertaken in the late 1980s and early 1990s con- describe an extensive and growing range of entirely synthetic cerning Ecstasy (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine; MDMA) substances that have become popular as recreational drugs of also included a comparison with a number of MDMA analogues abuse; this coincides with a period of intense media interest that incorporated an indane ring. -
(Hexamine) Formaldehyde (Formalin) Pentaerythritol Sodium Formate
Hexamethylenetetramine (Hexamine) ▶Hexamethylenetetramine (Hexamine) White crystalline or powder compound that easily dissolves in water. It releases heat when dissolving in Characteristics water, with solubility decreasing as the temperature increases. This product has a larger crystalline piece size compared to other companies made possible by setting the granularity distribution during manufacturing. Key Used phenol-formaldehyde resin hardeners, RDX, fuel, gas absorbent and rubber vulcanizing agents, etc. applications Formaldehyde (Formalin) ▶Formaldehyde (Formalin) Aldehyde substance in a simple structure stored and sold in an aqueous solution state (37~42%) since it Characteristics exists as gas at room temperature. It has the property of becoming polymerized at a low temperature, so methanol has been added as an additive (content in the range of 2 ~ 12%). Key Used in insecticides, disinfectants, germicides, medical drugs, raw ingredient of synthetic resins and applications raw organic synthetic materials, etc. Pentaerythritol ▶Pentaerythritol Odorless white crystalline compound without hygroscopicity and non-volatile, making it a safe substance in Characteristics the air. Although there is a risk of explosion with the fine powder, the minimum explosion powder concentration in air is 30mg/㎥, with the minimum ignition temperature being 450℃. Key Used in alkyd resin, raw material for polyurethane, rosin ester, synthetic drying oil, reagent, applications PVC plasticizer and surfactant, etc. Sodium Formate ▶Sodium Formate Product generated as a byproduct in the pentaerythritol manufacturing process. This is a colorless crystal or Characteristics white crystalline powder that can be dissolved in water easily due to its hygroscopicity, but it does not dissolve easily in ethyl alcohol. Used in analysis of precipitants for precious metals, as an astringent, in textile dyes and printing, formic acid, Key electroplating agent, acidifier for leather manufacturing, reductant, organic chemical substance, analytic applications reagent, etc.. -
Synthetic Approaches to the Guaiane Sesquiterpenes Lloyd Payne Hill Iowa State University
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1972 Synthetic approaches to the guaiane sesquiterpenes Lloyd Payne Hill Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Organic Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Hill, Lloyd Payne, "Synthetic approaches to the guaiane sesquiterpenes " (1972). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 5918. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/5918 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 73-3891 HILL, Lloyd Payne, 1945- SYNTHETIC APPROACHES TO THE GUAIANE SESQUITERPENES. Iowa State University, Ph.D., 1972 Chemistry, organic University Microfilms, A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED. Synthetic approaches to the guaiane sesquiterpenes by Lloyd Payne Hill A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department: Chemistry Major: Organic Chemistry Approved: Signature was redacted for privacy. Signature was redacted for privacy. Fot the Major Department Signature was redacted for privacy. For the Graduate College Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 1972 PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have Indistinct print. Filmed as received. University Microfilms, A Xerox Education Company ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page DEDICATION iii INTRODUCTION 1 HISTORICAL 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 17 EXPERIMENTAL 52 CONCLUSION 83 LITERATURE CITED 84 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 89 iii DEDICATION To my Family 1 INTRODUCTION The essential oils are found in flora and have been a source of curiosity to Man for hundreds of years.