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Transpsiquiatría. Abordajes Queer En Salud Mental

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Transpsiquiatría. Abordajes Queer En Salud Mental Mª TERESA CLIMENT CLEMENTE y MARTA CARMONA OSORIO (Coords.) TRANSPSIQUIATRÍA. ABORDAJES QUEER EN SALUD MENTAL ASOCIACIÓN ESPAÑOLA DE NEUROPSIQUIATRÍA AEN DIGITAL TRANSPSIQUIATRÍA. ABORDAJES QUEER EN SALUD MENTAL ASOCIACIÓN ESPAÑOLA DE NEUROPSIQUIATRÍA AEN DIGITAL / 5 COORDINADORAS: Mª TERESA CLIMENT CLEMENTE y MARTA CARMONA OSORIO TRANSPSIQUIATRÍA. ABORDAJES QUEER EN SALUD MENTAL ASOCIACIÓN ESPAÑOLA DE NEUROPSIQUIATRÍA MADRID 2018 Nota de las coordinadoras En congruencia con la multiplicidad de formas de entender los géneros y las formas de reflejar lo ideológico sobre lo escrito, se ha decidido respetar el criterio de cada autor/a/x para reflejar lenguaje inclusivo. Asimismo se ha respetado el uso de asteriscos (por ejemplo, trans*) para sig- nificar lo intrínsecamente incompleto de cualquier término que se quiera utilizar, para reflejar un espectro tan continuo y cambiante como la identidad de género en transición. Confiamos en que quienes leen, sabrán ver en esta aparente disparidad, un humilde ejercicio de recoger y respetar la diversidad de criterios. Agradecimientos: De ambas a todxs quienes han participado, de una u otra manera, en la gestación y parto de esta �publicación. �� � � �� � � � �� A �� Coco � � � �� ��Guzmán, � �� ��� � �� artista ���� �� �� visual, ��� � �� ��por � �� ��la �imagen ��� �� � �� de �� �portada. ��� � � �� �� Su � � ��trabajo ��� � � � está � � � �en clara �sintonía �� �� � �� con � �� � la �� ��filosofía � � � �� �� �de �� nuestra � � �� � ��� publicación � �� ���� ��� �� (http://www.cocoriot.com/). �� ��� � � �� ��� � �� � �� � �� � � �� ���� � � � De Maite A X., mi sostén invisible. Porque este trabajo también es fruto de situaciones que hemos sentido y pensado juntas. �������������������������� �De � �� Marta � �� �� �� � � ��� � � �� �� �� � ��� ��� � � � � A Belén, por arrastrarme a transformar las ideas en acciones. A quienes me hacen la revisión de pares, de textos y vital. �� ��� � ��� �� ���������������������������������������������� ��� � � ��� � � � ��� � � ���� ���� �� � � �� ���� � � ��� ���� � � � � �� � � ��� ����� � ���������������������� � ������� �� Ilustración de portada: Coco Guzmán. Edición: Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría �Magallanes, ���������� ��1, � ��Sótano � �� � �� 2, �� �Local � � �� ��4. � �� � � �� � ��� � �� ���� ��� � � � � 28015 Madrid,� ��� España. � � � ��� � � ���� ���� �� � � �� ���� � � ��� ���� � � � � �� � � ��� ���� � ���� � � �� � � �� � � Tel. 636725599. Fax 918473182. ����ISBN: ������������������� 978-84-95287-87-8. Maquetación: Gráficas Marí Montañana �Av. ����������� Blasco Ibáñez,��� � ��22. � ��46132 �� �� � �Almàssera ���� �� ��� � � �(Valencia) � �� ��� � � ���� ��� � �� � �� ��� � � � � �� � ��� �� � � ��� � �� � ��� �� � � �� � � ��� � � �� �� �� ��� �� � � �� �� � ��� � � ���� � � � �� � � �� � � ��� � �� ��� � ��� �� � �� �� � ��������������������� ����� Índice Nota de las coordinadoras 4 Índice de autorxs 6 CAP. 1.- QUEER COMO VERBO 7 Marta Carmona Osorio CAP. 2.- LA INVENCIÓN DE LA SUBJETIVIDAD 18 Fefa Vila Núñez �� � � �� � � � �� �� � � � �� �� � �� ��� � �� ���� �� �� ��� � �� �� � �� �� � ��� �� � �� �� � ��� � � �� �� � � �� ��� � � � � � � � �� �� � �� � �� � �� �� � � � �� �� � �� � � �� � ��� � �� ���� ��� �� �� ��� � � �� ��� � �� � �� � �� � � �� ���� � � � CAP. 3.- VIAJE TEÓRICO Y PRÁCTICO POR EL ESTUDIO DE LA PERSONALIDAD 26 Iker I. Louzao Rojas CAP. 4.- SEXUALIDADES NO NORMATIVAS Y SU PROBLEMATIZACIÓN. 53 UNA APROXIMACIÓN SEXOLÓGICA ������������������������� Bruno Martínez Santiago y Juncal Martínez de las Heras � �� � �� �� �� � � ��� � � �� �� �� � ��� ��� � � � � CAP. 5.- ESTRÉS DE MINORÍA Y PERSONAS TRANS*. HERRAMIENTAS PARA 77 EL ACOMPAÑAMIENTO AFIRMATIVO Marina de la Hermosa Lorenci CAP. 6.- PEDAGOGÍAS DE LA DIVERSIDAD EN SALUD. DIÁLOGOS 100 ENTRE ACTIVISMOS TRANS E INTERSEX Y DISCIPLINAS PSI. � (S.) García Dauder. �� � ��� �� ���������������������������������������������� �� � � ��� � � � ��� � � ���� ���� �� � � �� ���� � � ��� ���� � � � � �� � � ��� ����� CAP. 7.- ACOMPAÑAMIENTO A FAMILIAS CON HIJAS E HIJOS 143 ���������������������� � ������� CON IDENTIDADES TRANS: UN ACERCAMIENTO DESDE LA PERSPECTIVA FAMILIAR Y PROFESIONAL DE LA INTERVENCIÓN SOCIAL � Cristina Soler Polo CAP. 8.- APUNTES PARA UNA ‘SALUD MENTAL’ INCLUSIVA: DUELO A 159 LA IDENTIDAD DE GÉNERO Y RECONOCIMIENTO DE LA HETEROGENEIDAD DE LA EXPERIENCIA Margot Pujal i Llombart CAP. 9.- HOMBRES Y PROFESIONALES DE LA SALUD MENTAL: 208 HEGEMONÍA DEL PODER Pablo Nieva Serrano CAP. 10.- ¿ES LA PSICOTERAPIA AMATONORMATIVA? 222 Marina de la Hermosa Lorenci CAP. 11.- INTERSECCIONALIDAD EN SALUD MENTAL ���������� �� � �� � �� � �� �� � � � �� �� � �� � � �� � ��� � �� ���� ��� � � � 249 Maite Climent Clemente � ��� � � � ��� � � ���� ���� �� � � �� ���� � � ��� ���� � � � � �� � � ��� ���� � ���� � � �� � � �� � � ��� ������������������� �������������� � �� � �� �� �� � � ���� �� ��� � � � � �� ��� � � ���� ��� � �� � �� ��� � � � � �� � ��� �� � � ��� � �� � ��� �� � � �� � ��� � � �� �� �� ��� �� � � �� �� � ��� � � ���� � � � �� � � �� � ��� � �� ��� � ��� �� � �� �� � ��������������������� ����� AUTORXS. 6 Bruno Martínez Santiago Sexólogo y activista BDSM/Kink. Diplomado en Ciencias de la Religión por U. Deusto. Máster en sexología por Incisex. Cristina Soler Polo Trabajadora Social. Recursos de rehabilitación psicosocial y género de la Comunidad de Madrid Fefa Vila Núñez Profesora y activista Queer-feminista. Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología de la Universi- dad Complutense de Madrid. Iker I. Louzao Rojas Ldo. en Psicología por U. Deusto y Medicina por UAM. Residente de Psicología en H.U. La Paz. Juncal Martínez de las Heras Sexóloga y activista BDSM/Kink. Máster en sexología por Incisex. Marina de la Hermosa Lorenci Psiquiatra y psicoterapeuta. Hospital Dr. R. Lafora (Madrid). Margot Pujal i Llombart Psicóloga social feminista. Departamento de Psicología Social de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Pablo Nieva Serrano Psicólogo especialista en género y atención a menores víctimas de violencia de género. Colegio Oficial de la Psicología de Castilla la Mancha. (S.) García Dauder Psicólogx social y activista feminista. Universidad Rey Juan Carlos de Madrid. Coordinadoras: Mª Teresa Climent Clemente Psiquiatra feminista. Servicios de Salud Mental de Alcobendas- San Sebastián de los Reyes (Ma- drid). Marta Carmona Osorio Psiquiatra feminista. Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa. Colectivo Silesia. 1 1. QUEER COMO VERBO. Marta Carmona Osorio. ¿Por qué una publicación sobre salud mental y teoría queer? ¿Por qué el concepto transpsiquiatría? Queer es un término de difícil traducción pues, antes de su reapropia- ción, se utilizaba en la lengua inglesa para múltiples significados que tenían en común la rareza, la extrañeza o la ilegitimidad (Barker, 2017). Un ejemplo es Mycroft, el hermano de Sherlock Holmes; que es descrito como queer en alguna de las novelas, por su extravagancia y amaneramiento. Hay asimismo múltiples refranes o frases hechas en inglés donde aparece la palabra queer; la traducción más ajustada al castellano quizá sería “rarito/a/x”. Lo relevante del término queer, y por lo que acabará dando nombre a la(s) teoría(s) de decons- trucción de la identidad y del sistema género-sexo es que a lo largo de los años 70 y 80 se produce una reapropiación de ese término. Fundamentalmente en territorio anglosajón pero también en nuestro medio, desde el activismo calle- jero producido por los sectores más oprimidos del sistema (excluidos a su vez de los colectivos que se enfrentaban a la opresión exclusivamente desde la lucha de clases (Grupo de trabajo queer, 2005)) se produce una serie de reapropiaciones de términos peyorativos, convirtiéndolos en instrumento de lucha. Maricón, bollera, nigger (en España el activismo antirracista/anticolonial llegaría unas décadas más tarde, pero en el mundo anglosajón discurre temporalmente muy paralelo a las reivindicaciones queer, al igual que la aparición de los feminismos negros y chicanos (Bernárdez, 2015), son términos inicialmente peyorativos e insultantes que son redefinidos por aquellos a quienes pretendían designar, hasta convertirlos en una bandera identitaria. Algo parecido podemos ver en las iniciativas del Mad Pride u Orgullo Loco, en el que un sector del activismo 7 8 Capítulo 1. Queer como verbo. antipsiquiátrico/de supervivientes de la psiquiatría ejerce esa reapropiación so- bre el concepto locura (LeFrançois, 2013). Queer entonces aparece para designar lo que no se puede designar, para todo aquello que se escapa de la norma, concretamente la heterocisnorma- tividad, es decir, ese conjunto de normas y códigos sociales que nos educan asumiendo que seremos heterosexuales y que no seremos trans (lo que desde estos movimientos se ha dado en llamar “ser cis”1). Queer define la identidad de quienes se escurren por los márgenes, de quienes escapan de esas políticas de identidad. Esta aparente paradoja identidad-no identidad se resuelve en- tendiendo queer como un verbo (a veces traducido como queerizar o cuirizar) (Barker, 2017); queer implica una acción continua de deconstrucción de las categorías y la creación de categorías paraguas que abarcan muchos conceptos (y personas) dentro de sí. Este fenómeno de reapropiación de términos e iden- tidades surge desde los activismos pero inmediatamente entra en la academia y constituye una línea teórica muy importante desde la década de los 80 a la actualidad. Si bien fue Teresa de Lauretis la primera en utilizar el término Teo- ría Queer es fundamentalmente
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