Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Abuse in the United Kingdom; An Update The increasing popularity of anabolic androgenic steroids. Carrie Mullena, Benjamin J Whalleyb, Fabrizio Schifanoc, Julien S Bakerd a School of Computing, Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, PA1 2BE b School of Chemistry, Food and Nutritional Sciences, and Pharmacy, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AP c School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9EU d Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong. Correspondence Carrie Mullen, School of Computing, Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, PA1 2BE Tel 0044 141 848 3845 email
[email protected] 7,081 Words Abstract Anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) are prescribed for medical conditions related to low testosterone. Abuse of AASs has surged as they become increasingly recognised as potent image enhancement drugs. The primary goal of most abusers is to obtain what they consider to be a more attractive outward appearance. Abuse is complex. There are a vast range of AAS substances available, although due to their illicit nature, the true composition of AAS substances is difficult to evaluate. Users follow dosing patterns which incorporate a number This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1111/bph.14995 This article is protected by copyright.