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Usage Motivation of a New Health Application in the Elderly and the General Public Through Family Institution and Social Media Channels

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Usage Motivation of a New Health Application in the Elderly and the General Public Through Family Institution and Social Media Channels E3S Web of Conferences 258, 07048 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125807048 UESF-2021 Usage motivation of a new health application in the elderly and the general public through family institution and social media channels Kanokwan Kaewprasert1,* 1Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand Abstract. The purpose of this study was to explore usage motivation and satisfaction of a new health application among the elderly in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region. The sampled population included elderly individuals living in the region, and the data were collected using a questionnaire. The resulting data were then analyzed statistically using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and multiple regression analysis. The results of the study revealed that the motivation for using the new health application was overall at a very good level. When considered in different aspects, motivation for application usage and self-care were found at a very good level, while the motivation from the application’s benefits and in recommendation or referral were found at a good level. As for usage behavior, users of the new health application were found to use it approximately 4 times per day. The outcomes of the hypothesis tests also revealed that the motivation from the application’s benefits and application usage were found to positively affect the usage satisfaction in terms of the decision to use with statistical significance level of .01. Motivation from the application’s benefits and self-care were also found to positively affect usage satisfaction in terms of usage frequency (times/day) with statistical significance level of .01. 1 Introduction A mobile application is a type of software that runs on mobile phones and tablets. It can be designed as a program, game, command, or to provide other types of assistance on a smartphone. Therefore, there are several types of applications designed to meet the various demands of users. Nowadays, there is a large variety of applications for users to choose from, which they can download and install on their device. Once an application is installed, some of them can be used offline without access to the internet. Such appropriate adoption of technology can extend the scope of learning, enabling faster learning and allowing easy access to knowledge and its application for real-life benefit. Therefore, it has interested the researcher of this study to develop a health application for the elderly that gathers useful information about common health conditions in the elderly - such as diabetes, hypertension, cancer, kidney disease, etc. - and provides users with useful and complete information which can be easily, conveniently, and quickly * Corresponding author: [email protected] © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). E3S Web of Conferences 258, 07048 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125807048 UESF-2021 accessed. The information included in this application consists of the nature of the diseases, causes, risks, prevention, and treatment, as well as recommendation on diet and exercise for each condition. This was the start of a project to develop a new health application and to promote it through various social media platforms. The primary focus of this application is disease prevention and health promotion among the elderly in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region, as well as provision of educational benefits to the elderly and the general public. Understanding its importance, the researcher was interested in developing and studying this new health application and online promotion platforms/promoting on online platforms [1]. The government has issued a strategic plan to improve the quality of life of the elderly by promoting their ability to learn for life, for the elderly to have knowledge, direction, readiness of the body and mind, and intelligence to be self-reliant. There are development of learning and public communication systems with a primary focus on improving the elderly’s ability to appropriately manage knowledge, information, communication, and information technology in the modern communication context, which often engages the internet as a channel for communication. As the internet is considered a useful technology and a convenient and effective channel of media, there are the elderly people who accept it and are more inclined to use this technology. A previous study on internet usage behavior found that the elderly nowadays have both ability and experience in internet usage. The reasons for use included – convenience, time saving, uncomplicated use, ability to use anywhere and anytime, and usefulness in searching for all types of news information. Such awareness of the benefits of the internet also included that it can provide updates on events or situations and that it can be used as a channel for communication. Nonetheless, the top motives for the elderly to use the internet were reducing communication cost and interacting with other people freely without restrictions of time and place, such as the use of social networks, etc. For this reason, the researcher was interested in studying and creating usage motivation for the new health application among the elderly and the general public through the family institution and social media channels. 2 Methodology 2.1 Research scope The variables in this study consist of: 1.Personal data: gender, age, marital status, highest education, and Monthly income; 2.Usage motivation of the new health application in the aspects of the application’s benefits, application usage, self-care, and recommendation or referral; 3.Satisfaction in the use by the elderly in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region, including decision to use and usage frequency (times/day). 2.2 Determination of population and sample groups The population in this research study were elderly individuals in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region who were selected using sampling methods as follows: Step 1 - Simple Random Sampling: Simple random sampling was done in 10 sites with close proximity to Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, the researcher’s university, to be used as a pilot population and a guideline for further sampling in the study. The sampled population in this step was from the Foundation of Thai Gerontology Research and Development Institute, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University Alumni Association, Dusit 2 E3S Web of Conferences 258, 07048 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125807048 UESF-2021 District, Phra Nakhon District, Khlong San District, Bang Rak District, Phaya Thai District, Huai Kwang District, Salaya District, and Bang Phli District. Step 2 - Quota Sampling: Collection of data by distributed by giving questionnaires to the elderly who lived in different areas as mentioned to step 1, with determined quota of 40 people per area. Step 3 - Systematic Random Sampling: Sampling of population was done in the sub- units with similar demographic characteristics. Random samplings were done in intervals during the period of 09:00-18:00 on Monday to Sunday for a total of 10 days. This step resulted in reaching the required total of 400 samples from the Bangkok Metropolitan Region. 2.3 Questionnaire Quality Assessment In this research, a questionnaire was used for data collection. The questionnaire was created based on literature reviews and various research studies and it was verified by 3 experts to validate the accuracy of content and language used. 40 sets of the questionnaire were then tried out in a non-sample group with similar demographic to the sample population. The result from the try-out was used to calculate Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient to determine the questionnaire’s reliability. The calculated coefficient alphas were - .7112 for items on the application’s benefits, .7835 for the items on the application usage, .7575 for the items on self-care, and .9312 for the items on recommendation or referral – which are acceptable levels for actual data collection [2,3]. 2.4 Data analysis 1. Descriptive Statistics were used to describe the demographic characteristics of the sample population, usage motivation for the new health application, and usage satisfaction. The statistics used include Frequency, Percentage, Mean, and Standard Deviation. As for the part of the questionnaire involving business innovation, for which the 5-level Likert Scale was included in the questions, the criteria for each grading level are determined as follows [2]. Average score Motivation Rating 4.21 – 5.00 = A very good level of motivation 3.41 – 4.20 = A good level of motivation 2.61 – 3.40 = A moderate level of motivation 1.81 – 2.60 = A poor level of motivation 1.00 – 1.80 = A very poor level of motivation 2. Inferential Statistics: Multiple Regression Analysis was used to test the hypothesis “the motivation for use of the new health application in the aspects of the application’s benefits, application usage, self-care, and recommendation or referral have effects on the usage satisfaction of the elderly in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region.” [5] 3 Result Results of demographic characteristics and motivation in the use of a new health application and usage satisfaction of the elderly in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region. 1. Demographic characteristics of the sample population: From Table 1, it was found that the majority of the sample population were female, aged 60-65 years, followed by 66- 3 E3S Web of Conferences 258, 07048 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125807048 UESF-2021 70, and 71-75 years old respectively [6]. Most of them were single, followed by those who were married/living together, and those who were divorced/widowed/separated respectively. The majority of them had lower than undergraduate education, followed by those with undergraduate or equivalent education, and those with postgraduate or higher education. Most of the population had a monthly income of 10,001-15,000 Baht, followed by those who earned 15,001-20,000 Baht, those who earned lower than or equal to 10,000 Baht, and those who earned 20,001-25,000 Baht respectively [7].
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