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NATIONAL TOURISM ORGANISATION www.serbia.travel of SERBIA www.serbia.travel 1 RAMONDA H SERBIA MAP Palic SERBICA Kanjiža SUBOTICA LEGEND RO Bačka Kikinda Monument The First World War came to an end www.serbia.travel Topola a s i with the signing of a truce with Ger- Sombor T Memorial Mausoleum th Apatin many on 11 November 1918. Armi- Vojvoda Stepa Memorial Church With the Mausoleum Vrbas Bečej stice Day is a national holiday in Ser- Dun.-Tisa-Dun. Jez. Ban. Rusanda Karađorđevo Other First World War Monuments bia. The day is signified by a badge Ribnjak Bač International Border HR Bač showing the Ramonda Serbica flow- Belo Zrenjanin jez. Settlement Signs er lying against the colours of the rib- Novi Sad D un .-T Titel isa j - Rivers and Lakes bon of the Albanian Retreat Medal e Du g n Šid e . and is worn on the lapel. B Seleuš Highway T Vršac a Ruma m Srem. iš One-lane Highway Ramonda Serbica is a flower grown in Mitrovica Leget St. Pazova a Aeroport n i r eastern Serbia. It is known as a phoe- D Pančevo v na S Beograd Du nix plant which can revive even after ava Prnjavor Šabac being completely dried out. This sym- Avala Smederevo Kladovo Tekeriš Požarevac M bolises the resurrection of the Serbi- Loznica Ja k d Tamnava l e a a P r v an state after the First World War. Ub Varovnica a a D. Milanovac Gučevo ar Mladenovac ub Majdanpek Krupanj ol Lazarevac a K ic n Sm. Ćelije Jez. e Zvornicko Mačkov s Bukulja Ja Palanka The Albanian Retreat Medal, the BIH jez. R Kamen Valjevo e sa Topola v Negotin a k commemorative medal for the with- Struganik o Borsko im Rudnik T drawal of the Serbian Army through jez. Seča Rajac Bor Drina G. Milanovac Reka Gružansko Albania, is a single-class state, mili- Bajina Bašta Kragujevac k Jez. Perućac jez. Jagodina mo Zaovinsko Jancici i Ti a Ćuprija rn jez. v C tary and civil medal awarded to all a Zaječar r o Paracin Užice Čačak M k the members of the Serbian army a o Mokra Gora k i Z l m a i Čajetina pa e d T n V who retreated through Albania in the a M i Kraljevo o l U Zlatibor rava e vac B Ivanjica winter of 1915/1916. The medal is at- Javor Kruševac Ju Priboj Zlatarsko ž a n Knjaževac jez. c tached to a light-green ribbon with i a v M Nova Varoš a a r c o i Sjeničko o r n Aleksandrovac a black stripes. M e v jez. a d Jez. u Prijepolje t Celije Zlatar S Jošanička Banja To L Raška pl Niš Nišava im ica Zavojsko Ib jez. a r Novi Prokuplje Pirot Kuršumlija Pazar MNE Tutin L Dimitrovgrad a Leskovac b Je r a r Iba ic m Gazivodsko lan Vlasotince ab a jez. J V l a s i Kosovska Mitrovica n a S it n CONTENTS i c a PRIŠTINA Vlasinsko BG Peć Gračanicko jez. Surdulica jez. Radonjicko Vranje jez. 3 Introduction B Gnjilane va e a l or i M D a r čk 4 Monuments in Belgrade im na Ðakovica Uroševac Bi 14 The Great Victories Of The Serbian Army c na pe 27 The Defence Of Serbia In 1915 Prizren Le 31 The Withdrawal Of The Serbian Army 34 The Breakthrough Of The Salonika Front AL MK 36 Important People 48 Some of the Monuments dedicated to WWI in Serbia 2 1 SERBIA REMEMBERS www.serbia.travel 100 YEARS of THE FIRST WORLD WAR Robert Lansing, American Secretary The First World War, i.e. the Great In the First World War, more than 15 of State: “When the history of this War, began when the Austro-Hun- million people were killed and a fur- war is written, the most glorious garian Monarchy attacked the King- ther 20 million were wounded. Fight- chapter of such a history will have dom of Serbia. For decades, Austria- ing on an unequal footing against the the title: Serbia. The Serbian army Hungary had been preparing for a enemy, far larger in number, Serbia performed great feats of bravery, and war against Serbia, which had been suffered a heavy loss of life and much the Serbian people suffered unspeak- perceived as a threat to the Habs- destruction. In the whirlwind of the able torments. Such devotion and burg Monarchy because of its dem- war, Serbia lost 1.100.000 inhabit- perseverance cannot pass unnoticed ocratic institutions. This perception ants, soldiers and civilians, which – they must be rewarded.” intensified after the Balkan Wars of was almost one-third of its total pop- 1912 and 1913, which Serbia had won. ulation, and included 60 per cent of One hundred years ago, Serbia with So, defending themselves from the its male population. The war ended its mountain ranges and glades, im- aggression of the forces of the Cen- with the signing of a truce between mense arable land, meadows and tral Powers, the members of the Tri- the powers of the Triple Entente and fields, splendid rivers and ancient cit- ple Entente indirectly stood ready to Germany on 11th November 1918. ies and towns was the scene of the defend Serbia. Thousands of kilome- biggest armed conflict in the history tres away from the allied fronts, Ser- of humankind. bia was faced with a big and almighty The Serbian people have erected nu- challenge from the Austro-Hungar- merous monuments as a testament The deep perennial crisis in the rela- ian army. Exhausted by the two lib- to the heroes of the war and the re- tions between the big European pow- eration wars, with the population of sulting civilian casualties. By mark- ers around the end of the 19th and the somewhat more than 4 million, it is ing the one hundredth anniversary beginning of the 20th centuries, as difficult to believe that, in 1914, Serbia of the First World War, together with they competed for the economic, po- could have been a “threat” to Austria- other countries of the world, Serbia is litical and military reconfiguration of Hungary, which was more superior in able to participate in the commem- the then balance of power in Europe every respect and had a population of oration of the events which should led to the outbreak of the First World 52 million. never be repeated in the future. In War. The war was waged between this way, we pay respect to our he- the two leading antagonistic groups roes and keep the memory of those of the Central Powers (Germany, Aus- innocent victims alive. We invite you tria-Hungary and Italy) and the pow- to visit the places of remembrance. ers of the Triple Entente (France, Rus- sia and Great Britain). Serbian soldier, sculpture Ružica Church, Belgrade Fortress 2 3 MONUMENTS ТHE BEGINNING OF THE FIRST WORLD IN BELGRADE WAR th th Kalemegdan, the Belgrade fortress, is On the night of 28 and 29 July 1914, In the Military Museum located in www.serbia.travel situated at the confluence of the two immediately after Austria-Hungary the Belgrade Fortress, the first gre- big European rivers, the Danube and had declared war on Serbia, the can- nade that fell on Kalemegdan is kept, the Sava, which are symbols of the non shots from the “Bodrog” river as well as a rich collection of arms, capital city of Serbia. For centuries, cruiser marked the beginning of the flags, photographs and documents the rivers have been the borders of First World War. from the First World War, which be- the Serbian State, as well as the wa- gan just beneath its walls. terways by which the conquerors ar- The city defenders readily responded rived. against to the convoy of steamers dragging towboats with thousands of soldiers; the attempt to conquer Belgrade failed. The “Bodrog” river cruise is owned by the Republic of Serbia. It stands for a Serbian cultural good and is located on the river bank of the Sava, in Bel- grade. 4 5 THE MONUMENT WITH THE MAUSOLEUM TO THE DEFENDERS OF THE MONUMENT ON BELGRADE 1914-1915 THE DANUBE QUAY www.serbia.travel The unique position of Belgrade lying After the Austrians had set ashore on “Soldiers, at 3 p.m. sharp, you should In the fierce battle that followed, the at the crossroads dividing the east the Belgrade bank of the Danube in rout the enemy by your fierce charge, majority of the Serbian soldiers were from the west, the north from the October 1915, the Serbian Command destroy them with your grenades and killed, and Major Gavrilović himself south of Europe, also determined the made a decision to launch a counter- bayonets. The honour of Belgrade, was wounded twice. destiny of the peoples who lived here attack with all its available units in our capital, must be unstained. Sol- and of the states which the city be- order to prevent the enemy from es- diers! Heroes! The Supreme Com- On the banks of the Danube, the longed to. tablishing a bridgehead. mand has erased our regiment from Monument to the Defenders of Bel- their records. Our regiment has been grade from 1915 was built in 1988. In October 1915, the armies of the Major Dragutin Gavrilović, the com- sacrificed for the honour of Belgrade Central Powers, with their 800,000 mander of the 2nd battalion responsi- and the Land of our Fathers. There- soldiers, set forth to surround and ble for the defence of this section of fore, you no longer need to worry destroy the Serbian army, which had the bank, issued the following com- about your lives because they no around 300,000 soldiers.

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