The Official Comptia® Linux+® Student Guide (Exam XK0-004)
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Sun Secure Global Desktop 4.41 Release Notes
Sun Secure Global Desktop 4.41 Release Notes Sun Microsystems, Inc. www.sun.com Part No. 820-4905-12 August 2008, Revision 01 Submit comments about this document at: http://docs.sun.com/app/docs/form/comments Copyright 2008 Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara, California 95054, U.S.A. All rights reserved. Sun Microsystems, Inc. has intellectual property rights relating to technology that is described in this document. In particular, and without limitation, these intellectual property rights may include one or more of the U.S. patents listed at http://www.sun.com/patents and one or more additional patents or pending patent applications in the U.S. and in other countries. This document and the product to which it pertains are distributed under licenses restricting their use, copying, distribution, and decompilation. No part of the product or of this document may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior written authorization of Sun and its licensors, if any. Third-party software, including font technology, is copyrighted and licensed from Sun suppliers. Parts of the product may be derived from Berkeley BSD systems, licensed from the University of California. UNIX is a registered trademark in the U.S. and in other countries, exclusively licensed through X/Open Company, Ltd. Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun logo, Java, JavaScript, SunSolve, JavaServer, JSP,JDK, JRE, Sun Ray, and Solaris are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the U.S. and in other countries. All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International, Inc. -
The Linux 2.4 Kernel's Startup Procedure
The Linux 2.4 Kernel’s Startup Procedure William Gatliff 1. Overview This paper describes the Linux 2.4 kernel’s startup process, from the moment the kernel gets control of the host hardware until the kernel is ready to run user processes. Along the way, it covers the programming environment Linux expects at boot time, how peripherals are initialized, and how Linux knows what to do next. 2. The Big Picture Figure 1 is a function call diagram that describes the kernel’s startup procedure. As it shows, kernel initialization proceeds through a number of distinct phases, starting with basic hardware initialization and ending with the kernel’s launching of /bin/init and other user programs. The dashed line in the figure shows that init() is invoked as a kernel thread, not as a function call. Figure 1. The kernel’s startup procedure. Figure 2 is a flowchart that provides an even more generalized picture of the boot process, starting with the bootloader extracting and running the kernel image, and ending with running user programs. Figure 2. The kernel’s startup procedure, in less detail. The following sections describe each of these function calls, including examples taken from the Hitachi SH7750/Sega Dreamcast version of the kernel. 3. In The Beginning... The Linux boot process begins with the kernel’s _stext function, located in arch/<host>/kernel/head.S. This function is called _start in some versions. Interrupts are disabled at this point, and only minimal memory accesses may be possible depending on the capabilities of the host hardware. -
Question Bank Mca Semester V Vol. I
QUESTION BANK MCA SEMESTER V VOL. I 1 FOR PRIVATE CIRCULATION The Questions contained in this booklet have been prepared by the faculty of the Institute from the sources believed to be reliable. Neither the Institute nor the faculty gives any guarantee with respect to completeness or accuracy of the contents contained in the booklet and shall in no event be liable for any errors, omissions or damages arising out of use of the matter contained in the booklet. The Institute and the faculty specifically disclaim any implied warranty as to merchantability or fitness of the information for any particular purpose. 2 QUESTION BANK LINUX PROGRAMMING MCA 301 3 QUESTION BANK LINUX PROGRAMMING - MCA 301 MCA V UNIT - I I Test Your Skills: (a) State Whether the Following Statements are True or False: 1 The “no” option informs the machine that there is no grace period or time to wait for other users to log off. 2 Telnet command is used for changing the run level or state of the computer without rebooting. 3 IP address is a unique identifier for the system. 4 Transmission control protocol (TCP) builds on top of UPS and certifies that each message has been received. 5 Cron is known for arranging the files in the disk in chronological manner. 6 ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) converts IP address to MAC Address. 7 UNIX is a command-based system. 8 A program is synonymous with a process. 9 All UNIX flavors today offer a Command User Interface. 10 The operating system allocates memory for the program and loads the program to the allocated memory. -
Collabkit – a Multi-User Multicast Collaboration System Based on VNC
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Institut für Informatik Lehrstuhl für Rechnerorganisation und Kommunikation Diplomarbeit CollabKit – A Multi-User Multicast Collaboration System based on VNC Christian Beier 19. April 2011 Gutachter Prof. Dr. Miroslaw Malek Prof. Dr. Jens-Peter Redlich Betreuer Peter Ibach <[email protected]> Abstract Computer-supported real-time collaboration systems offer functionality to let two or more users work together at the same time, allowing them to jointly create, modify and exchange electronic documents, use applications, and share information location-independently and in real-time. For these reasons, such collaboration systems are often used in professional and academic contexts by teams of knowledge workers located in different places. But also when used as computer-supported learning environments – electronic classrooms – these systems prove useful by offering interactive multi-media teaching possibilities and allowing for location-independent collaborative learning. Commonly, computer-supported real-time collaboration systems are realised using remote desktop technology or are implemented as web applications. However, none of the examined existing commercial and academic solutions were found to support concurrent multi-user interaction in an application-independent manner. When used in low-throughput shared-medium computer networks such as WLANs or cellular networks, most of the investigated systems furthermore do not scale well with an increasing number of users, making them unsuitable for multi-user collaboration of a high number of participants in such environments. For these reasons this work focuses on the design of a collaboration system that supports concurrent multi-user interaction with standard desktop applications and is able to serve a high number of users on low-throughput shared-medium computer networks by making use of multicast data transmission. -
The Linux Startup Process
The Linux startup process Jerry Feldman <[email protected]> The Linux Expertise Center Hewlett-Packard Company Document produced via OpenOffice.org Overview ● The Linux boot process – GRUB. This is the default for X86/Linux – LILO – Other boot loaders ● The Linux Operating modes – Single-user mode – Multi-user mode. ● Run Levels – What are run levels – What are the Linux standard run levels – How Linux manages run levels 2 The Linux Boot process ● The PC boot process is a 3-stage boot process that begins with the BIOS executing a short program that is stored in the Master Boot Record (MBR) of the first physical drive. Since this stage 1 boot loader needs to fit in the MBR, it is limited to 512 bytes and is normally written in assembly language. There are a number of boot loaders that can load Linux. ● GRUB and LILO are the most commonly used ones on X86 hardware. ® ® ● EFI is used on the Intel Itanium family. 3 The GRand Unified Bootloader The GRand Unified Bootloader (GRUB) is default boot loader on most distributions today. It has the capability to load a number of different operating systems. 1.The stage 1 boot resides in the MBR and contains the sector number of the stage 2 boot that is usually located in the /boot/grub directory on Linux. 2.The stage 2 boot loader presents a boot menu to the user based on /boot/grub/grub.conf or menu.lst. This contains a boot script. It is the stage2 loader actually loads the Linux kernel or 4 other OS. -
Implementing Full Device Cloning on the NVIDIA Jetson Platform
Implementing Full Device Cloning on the NVIDIA Jetson Platform March 2, 2018 Calvin Chen Linh Hoang Connor Smith Advisor: Professor Mark Claypool Sponsor - Mentor : NVIDIA - Jimmy Zhang Abstract NVIDIA’s Linux For Tegra development team provides support for many tools which exist on the Jetson-TX2 embedded AI computing device. While tools to clone the user partitions of the Jetson-TX2 exist, no tool exists to fully backup and restore all of the partitions and configurations of these boards. The goal of this project was to develop a tool that allows a user to create a complete clone of the Jetson-TX2 board’s partitions and their contents. We developed a series of bash scripts that fully backup the partitions and configurations of one Jetson-TX2 board and restore them onto another board of the same type. 1 Table of Contents Abstract 1 Table of Contents 2 1 Introduction 3 2 Background 5 2.1 Preliminary Research 5 2.1.1 UEFI Booting and Flashing 5 2.1.2 Tegra Linux Driver Package 8 2.1.3 Network File System 8 2.1.4 Jetson TX2 Bootloader 10 2.2 Linux Terminology, RCM boot and Initial ramdisk 12 2.2.1 Linux Terminology 12 2.2.2 USB Recovery Mode (RCM) Boot 13 2.2.3 Initial Ramdisk 14 2.3 Associated Technologies 15 2.3.1 Linux tools 15 2.3.2 Serial Console 16 3 Methodology 17 4 Product 20 4.1 Backup Script 20 4.2 Restore Script 22 4.3 Initial ramdisk (initrd) 24 4.4 Script Development Guidelines 26 4.4.1 Use Case 26 4.4.2 Integrity 26 4.4.3 Performance 27 5 Future Work 29 6 Conclusions 30 7 Bibliography 31 2 1 Introduction The Jetson-TX2 is a low power, high performance embedded artificial intelligence supercomputer utilized in many modern technologies. -
Effective Cache Apportioning for Performance Isolation Under
Effective Cache Apportioning for Performance Isolation Under Compiler Guidance Bodhisatwa Chatterjee Sharjeel Khan Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, USA Atlanta, USA [email protected] [email protected] Santosh Pande Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, USA [email protected] Abstract cache partitioning to divide the LLC among the co-executing With a growing number of cores per socket in modern data- applications in the system. Ideally, a cache partitioning centers where multi-tenancy of a diverse set of applications scheme obtains overall gains in system performance by pro- must be efficiently supported, effective sharing of the last viding a dedicated region of cache memory to high-priority level cache is a very important problem. This is challenging cache-intensive applications and ensures security against because modern workloads exhibit dynamic phase behaviour cache-sharing attacks by the notion of isolated execution in - their cache requirements & sensitivity vary across different an otherwise shared LLC. Apart from achieving superior execution points. To tackle this problem, we propose Com- application performance and improving system throughput CAS, a compiler guided cache apportioning system that pro- [7, 20, 31], cache partitioning can also serve a variety of pur- vides smart cache allocation to co-executing applications in a poses - improving system power and energy consumption system. The front-end of Com-CAS is primarily a compiler- [6, 23], ensuring fairness in resource allocation [26, 36] and framework equipped with learning mechanisms to predict even enabling worst case execution-time analysis of real-time cache requirements, while the backend consists of allocation systems [18]. -
A Reliable Booting System for Zynq Ultrascale+ Mpsoc Devices
A reliable booting system for Zynq Ultrascale+ MPSoC devices An embedded solution that provides fallbacks in different parts of the Zynq MPSoC booting process, to assure successful booting into a Linux operating system. A thesis presented for the Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering at the University of Applied Sciences Utrecht Name Nekija Dˇzemaili Student ID 1702168 University supervisor Corn´eDuiser CERN supervisors Marc Dobson & Petr Zejdlˇ Field of study Electrical Engineering (embedded systems) CERN-THESIS-2021-031 17/03/2021 February 15th, 2021 Geneva, Switzerland A reliable booting system for Zynq Ultrascale+ MPSoC devices Disclaimer The board of the foundation HU University of Applied Sciences in Utrecht does not accept any form of liability for damage resulting from usage of data, resources, methods, or procedures as described in this report. Duplication without consent of the author or the college is not permitted. If the graduation assignment is executed within a company, explicit consent of the company is necessary for duplication or copying of text from this report. Het bestuur van de Stichting Hogeschool Utrecht te Utrecht aanvaardt geen enkele aansprakelijkheid voor schade voortvloeiende uit het gebruik van enig gegeven, hulpmiddel, werkwijze of procedure in dit verslag beschreven. Vermenigvuldiging zonder toestemming van de auteur(s) en de school is niet toegestaan. Indien het afstudeerwerk in een bedrijf is verricht, is voor vermenigvuldiging of overname van tekst uit dit verslag eveneens toestemming van het bedrijf vereist. N. Dˇzemaili page 1 of 110 A reliable booting system for Zynq Ultrascale+ MPSoC devices Preface This thesis was written for the BSc Electrical Engineering degree of the HU University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, the Netherlands. -
MX-19.2 Users Manual
MX-19.2 Users Manual v. 20200801 manual AT mxlinux DOT org Ctrl-F = Search this Manual Ctrl+Home = Return to top Table of Contents 1 Introduction...................................................................................................................................4 1.1 About MX Linux................................................................................................................4 1.2 About this Manual..............................................................................................................4 1.3 System requirements..........................................................................................................5 1.4 Support and EOL................................................................................................................6 1.5 Bugs, issues and requests...................................................................................................6 1.6 Migration............................................................................................................................7 1.7 Our positions......................................................................................................................8 1.8 Notes for Translators.............................................................................................................8 2 Installation...................................................................................................................................10 2.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................10 -
Download Article
Advances in Computer Science Research (ACRS), volume 54 International Conference on Computer Networks and Communication Technology (CNCT2016) Research and Implementation of RDP Proxy Proxy-based Audit System 1 2, 3 Xiao-Liang ZHANG , Xiao-Yu WU and Wu-Xia ZHANG 1,2,3 School of Computer Science and Technology North China Electric Power University Beijing, China [email protected] Keywords: RDP protocol, The agency agreement, The audit system, The operation playback, Security. Abstract. Using the Windows RDP protocol developed by Microsoft Inc to connect and operate the remote machines which base on the same system become a trend. However, the RDP has caused many security problems. It is necessary to design and implement a audit system to ensure the system’s security and guarantee the machines run correctly. It points out improper methods than before and accomplishes the RDP proxy proxy-based audit system to solve the problems. Introduction The expansion of Business Scale have a influence on the working place and implementation in the different workplaces. The operator operate the remote servers in accordance with RDP protocol. RDP provides a graphical interface to help the maintain staffs interact with the remote server system. In comparison to the former, the operations become easier and the efficiency of workers' operation become better[1]. Using the remote desktop client we can connect any server that support the remote control and can decrease the workload. Remote desktop procedure just convey the information of the user’s mouse, keyboard and other device to the remote server system and never involved in the data processing, so that the level of hardware requirements commonly. -
Best of a Decade on Opensource.Com 2010–2019
Best of a decade on Opensource.com 2010–2019 In celebration of our 10-year anniversary Opensource.com/yearbook FROM THE EDITOR ............................. FROM THE EDITOR ............................. Dear reader, As we celebrate 10 years of publishing, our focus is on the people from all over the globe, in various roles, from diverse backgrounds, who have helped us explore the multitude of ways in which open source can improve our lives—from technology and programming to farming and design, and so much more. We are celebrating you because we’ve learned that growing this unique storytelling site demands that we do one thing better than all the rest: listen to and talk with our readers and writers. Over the years, we’ve gotten better at it. We regularly hold meetings where we review how articles performed with readers from the week before and discuss why we think that’s so. We brainstorm and pitch new and exciting article ideas to our writer community on a weekly basis. And we build and nurture close relationships with many writers who publish articles for us every month. As an editor, I never would have imagined my biggest responsibility would be community management and relationship building over copy editing and calendar planning. I’m so grateful for this because it’s made being a part of Opensource.com a deeply rewarding experience. In December, we closed out a decade of publishing by reaching a new, all-time record of over 2 million reads and over 1 million readers. For us, this validates and affirms the value we’ve learned to place on relationships with people in a world swirling with metrics and trends. -
Raspberry Pi Resources and Training for Educators
APPENDIX A Raspberry Pi Resources and Training for Educators In this appendix, I’ll provide a short list of resources and training that you may find useful for planning and executing your deployment of Raspberry Pi computers in the classroom. Where to Get Raspberry Pi Hardware and Accessories You can buy Raspberry Pi boards and accessories from a wide variety of places, mostly online. In this section, I list some worldwide retailers first; then I list some stores for the United States, for Canada, for the United Kingdom, and for Australia. Worldwide Retailers Amazon and eBay both sell Raspberry Pi boards and a wide range of accessories. Go to your local Amazon or eBay site and search for raspberry pi plus any other relevant keywords (such as case). Premier Farnell, a global electronics distributor, has the trading brands Newark element14 and Farnell element14. (In case you’re wondering about the names, silicon is the 14th element in the periodic table.) Newark element14 (also known as Newark, Newark Electronics, and Newark Corporation) distributes Farnell items in North America and parts of Central America and South America. Farnell element14 handles Europe and Australia. You’ll see the names Newark and Element14 in the country-specific lists following. To see the Element14 list of Raspberry Pi Approved Resellers, go to this address: http://farnell.com/raspberrypi-consumer/approved-retailers.php For other retailers worldwide, see the Main Distributors and Subsidiaries/Sister Companies list on the RPi Buying Guide page here: http://elinux.org/RPi_Buying_Guide#Main_distributors_and_ subsidaries.2Fsister_companies © Guy Hart-Davis 2017 281 G.