HALAMID® IN AQUACULTURE

Aquaculture requires strict hygiene rules to prevent diseases resulting in EFFICACY Halamid® is effective against many microorganisms fish welfare problems and heavy economical damages. Halamid®, also related to aquaculture applications. A few of them are indicated below, but the complete activity spectrum of known under its generic name chloramine-T in this market, is the perfect Halamid® is much wider. product for hygiene in the aquaculture farm. Very effective against fish Bacteria Aeromonas salmonicida (Furunculosis) and shrimp pathogenic microorganisms, it has proven already for many Flexibacter maritimus (Marine columnaris) Flavobacterium branchiophilum (BGD) years to be an indispensable product in any aquaculture operation, Flavobacterium columnaris (Columnaris) Vibrio anguillarum (Vibriosis) from the nursery and growing tanks to the fish processing plant. Vibrio harveyi Vibrio salmonicida The safety margin between the concentration effective Yersinia ruckeri (Redmouth disease) HALAMID®, A against microorganisms and the one toxic for fish makes UNIQUE PRODUCT Halamid® of special interest in aquaculture. Well known Viruses applications of Halamid® include use against pathogenic Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis (IPN) • Large activity bacteria, such as the ones responsible for Bacterial Infectious Salmon Anaemia (ISA) spectrum Gill Disease (BGD) or external columnaris. Halamid® is also useful against many parasites related to the Fungi • Non corrosive in aquaculture industry, for example the Gyrodactylus and Saprolegnia solution for materials Neoparamoeba pemaquidensis (Amoebic Gill Disease) parasites. Parasites • Easy to use and Gyrodactylus salaris versatile Aquaculture needs a universal and versatile disinfectant Ichthyobodo necator (Costia) in order to ensure the best health and hygiene status. Ichthyophthirius multifilis (White spot) • Stable Disinfection with Halamid® of tanks and ponds, nets, Neoparamoeba pemaquidensis (Amoebic Gill Disease) equipment, well boats and in the fish processing industry Trematodes • Readily biodegradable ensures that pathogenic microorganisms (bacteria, viruses and parasites) are rapidly and effectively Halamid® is recommended by the OIE to disinfect • No risk of building destroyed. equipment against Gyrodactylus salaris at 1% and is up resistant also recognized by the same organization to be effective microorganisms against IPN and ISA viruses.

RECOMMENDED CONCENTRATIONS

Application Concentration Remark Tank and pond disinfection 1% - 2% Equipment disinfection 1% Net disinfection 1% Well boat disinfection 1%-2% Footbath 2% Renew as often as needed Water treatment - Fresh water raceway ponds 10-20 mg for 1 hr Can be repeated up to 4 times of consecutive or alternate days Water treatment - Stagnant water ponds 3 ppm once a week APPLICATIONS

General disinfection Water treatment in the aquaculture farm Halamid® reduces the pathogenic microorganisms level Use biocides safely. Always remember that cleaning is a required preliminary in ponds water and is especially useful against bacteria Always read the label step before disinfection to ensure the best results. and parasites. and product information Without proper cleaning, dirt and organic matter before use. protect microorganisms against the killing effect of the Fresh water raceway set up disinfectant, resulting in an incomplete operation. Halamid® is added at a concentration of approximately 10-20 ppm (10-20 g/m3). After 1 hour, flush with fresh Start by dry cleaning to remove most of the organic water to remove residual Halamid®. This can be repeated matter, followed by cleaning with water or a detergent up to 4 times on consecutive or alternate days. solution. Once it is done, disinfect with Halamid®. Stagnant fresh water ponds Halamid® is always applied as an aqueous solution: Halamid® is added at a concentration of 3 ppm (3 g/m3) simply dissolve the Halamid® in clean water at the once a week. Halamid® is an required concentration. Axcentive product Water pH and hardness are two important parameters available in various Tanks and equipment disinfection to consider in order to optimize the Halamid® packages, from Tank disinfection concentration. As a general rule, with acidic pH, a 1kg buckets to During the production stops, it is of major importance lower concentration should be used and with increasing 1000 kg big bags. to thoroughly clean and disinfect the tanks and ponds water hardness, a higher Halamid® concentration is when they are empty to avoid contamination of the next recommended. production lot. Start by cleaning to remove the organic matter and then disinfect by spraying or rinsing with a Also, if using a biofilter in a recirculated water 1% Halamid® solution (or with a 2% in case of heavy system, special attention must be taken. Please For more information, contamination). contact Axcentive or your distributor for more detailed please contact Axcentive information. tel: +33.442.694.090 Equipment disinfection fax: +33.442.694.099 Spray all equipment used in the aquaculture farm with a General disinfection email: [email protected] 1% Halamid® solution or dipped the equipment into the in the fish processing plants or visit our website Halamid® solution for 30 min. Halamid® is very useful for disinfection in the fish www.halamid.com processing plants. For more information about this Net disinfection application, please refer to the specific bulletin on Aquaculture nets should not only be cleaned Halamid® in the food industry. between each production cycles but also disinfected. Compatibility of aquaculture net made of Polyamide Artemia disinfection 6 with a Halamid® solution was tested by a polyamide Halamid® is recommended by the FAO (Food and manufacturer and the results indicate that Halamid® Agriculture Organization) for disinfection of Artemia does not have any negative effect on the net properties. nauplii at the concentration of 60 ppm with a contact A 1-2% Halamid® solution is used for net disinfection, time of 3 min followed by rinsing with clean water. The use of Halamid® as a with a contact time of 30 min. (Health management and biosecurity maintenance in disinfectant may be submitted to white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) hatcheries in Latin local legislation and a registration Vehicle disinfection America, FAO, 2003) may be required. Please check Vehicles are an important way of disease transmission with your local authorities or from farm to farm. Make sure all vehicles are well Fish egg disinfection contact us to check about the disinfected (not only the wheels) with a 1% Halamid® To reduce surface contamination, fish eggs can be registration status in your country. solution prior entrance to the farm. dipped in a 1 g/l Halamid® solution for 10 min followed by a clean water wash. The information presented herein Well boat disinfection is true and accurate to the best of Insufficient well boat disinfection is believed to be Fish hobbyists our knowledge, but without any responsible for spreading of several pathogenic Halamid® is widely used by fish hobbyists against guarantee unless explicitly given. microorganisms, including the IPN virus in Norway. external bacteria and parasites. It is for example Since the conditions of use are This underlines the need to apply a strict hygiene particularly useful against external flukes in koi fish. beyond our control, we disclaim management on well boats. Here again water hardness as well as pH are two any liability, including infringement, Well boats must be disinfected with a 1-2% Halamid® important parameters to consider in order to adapt the incurred in connection with the solution between each transport. Rinsing with water may concentration to your own conditions. use of these products, data or be required to remove residual Halamid®. suggestions. August 2008

Footbath A footbath should be placed at the entrance of each building and you should make sure everybody is using it. A 2% Halamid® solution must be prepared and refresh as often as needed.