DOCSLIB.ORG

The Ruby-Crowned Tanager Tachyphonus Coronatus

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Ruby-Crowned Tanager Tachyphonus Coronatus ISSN 2318-9673 r1.ufrrj.br/lcc/Coccidia The ruby-crowned tanager Tachyphonus coronatus Vieillot (Passeri- formes: Thraupidae): a new host for Isospora navarroi Berto, Flau- sino, Luz, Ferreira, Lopes, 2009 (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) Bruno do Bomfim Lopes | Bruno Pereira Berto | Hermes Ribeiro Luz | Gideão da Silva Galvão | Ildemar Ferreira | Carlos Wilson Gomes Lopes Submetido em 13.08.2013 Aceito em 21.08.2013 Abstract Lopes BB, Berto BP, Luz HR, Gal- Resumo Este estudo relata tiês-pretos Tachy- vão GS, Lopes CWG. 2013. The ruby- phonus coronatus Vieillot parasitados por crowned tanager Tachyphonus coronatus Isospora navarroi Berto, Flausino, Luz, Fer- Vieillot (Passeriformes: Thraupidae): a reira, Lopes, 2009. Este coccídio foi original- new host for Isospora navarroi Berto, Flau- mente descrita parasitando o tiê-sangue Ram- sino, Luz, Ferreira, Lopes, 2009 (Apicom- phocelus bresilius dorsalis Sclater e, posteri- plexa: Eimeriidae). [O tiê-preto Tachypho- ormente, o sanhaço-do-coqueiro Thraupis nus coronatus Vieillot (Passeriformes: Thrau- palmarum Wied, no entanto, nunca foi descri- pidae): Um novo hospedeiro para Isospora to em outros hospedeiros. Seus oocistos são navarroi Berto, Flausino, Luz, Ferreira, Lo- esféricos a sub-esféricos, 21.0 × 20.6 µm, com pes, 2009 (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae)] Cocci- parede dupla e lisa. Micrópila, resíduo e grâ- dia 1, 2-5. Departamento de Biologia Animal, nulo polar estão ausentes. Os esporocistos são Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal elipsoidais, 15.2 × 9.3 µm. O corpo de Stieda Rural do Rio de Janeiro. BR-465 km 7, é achatado e o corpo substieda é pequeno e 23897-970 Seropédica, RJ, Brasil. E-mail: delicado. O resíduo do esporocisto é compos- [email protected] to de grânulos dispersos, que, algumas vezes, This study report ruby-crowned tanagers Ta- formam um anel. Os esporozoítos são vermi- chyphonus coronatus Vieillot parasitized by formes, com corpo refrátil posterior robusto Isospora navarroi Berto, Flausino, Luz, Fer- reira, Lopes, 2009. This coccidium was origi- BB Lopes nally described parasitizing the Brazilian ta- Biólogo Autônomo associado ao Laboratório de nager Ramphocelus bresilius dorsalis Sclater Coccídios e Coccidioses, Universidade Federal and thereafter from the palm tanager Thraupis Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ). E-mail: [email protected] palmarum Wied; however it has never been described in other hosts. Its oocysts are spher- BP Berto | I Ferreira ical to subspherical, 21.0 × 20.6 µm, with a Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de smooth, bilayered wall. Micropyle, oocyst Biologia, UFRRJ, BR-465 km 7, 23897-970 Sero- residuum and polar granule were absent. The pédica, RJ, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] sporocysts are ellipsoidal, 15.2 × 9.3 µm. The [email protected] Stieda body is flattened and the substieda body is small and delicate. The sporocyst HR Luz | GS Galvão residuum is composed of scattered granules, Curso de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veteriná- which sometimes, turns into a ring form. The rias, UFRRJ. E-mail: [email protected] sporozoites are vermiform, with a robust and [email protected] elongate posterior refractile body. CWG Lopes Keywords Morphology, sporulated oocysts, Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária, UFRRJ. CNPq fellowship. Coccidia, Thraupidae, Passeriformes, Maram- E-mail: [email protected] baia Island. 2 Coccidia, 1(1), 2-5, 2013 Lopes et al. e alongado. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Sam- ples were placed in a thin layer (c.5 mm) of Palavras-chave Morfologia, oocistos esporu- K2Cr2O7 2.5% solution in Petri plates and lados, Coccidia, Thraupidae, Passeriformes, incubated at 23-28°C for 10 days or until 70% Ilha da Marambaia. of the oocysts were sporulated. Oocysts were recovered by flotation in Sheather’s sugar Introduction solution (S.G. 1.20) and examined micro- scopically using the technique described by The ruby-crowned tanager Tachyphonus Duszynski & Wilber (1997). Morphological coronatus Vieillot is an endemic thraupid bird observations and measurements, given in mi- from South America. It habits in Argentina, crometers (ìm), were made using a Carl Zeiss Brazil and Paraguay. Its distribution and eco- binocular microscope with an apochromatic logical niches are similar to the others tana- oil immersion objective lens and an ocular gers, as the Brazilian tanager Ramphocelus micrometer (K-15X PZO, Poland). Line draw- bresilius dorsalis Sclater and the palm tanager ings were prepared using a Wild M-20 bin- Thraupis palmarum Wied (Sick 1997, CBRO ocular microscope with a drawing tube. Pho- 2011, IUCN 2013). tomicrographs were taken using a digital cam- Recently, some coccidian parasites were era (Sony CD Mavica MVC-CD250). Size reported from birds on the Marambaia island. ranges are shown in parenthesis followed by From thraupids, six Isospora Schneider, 1881 average and shape index (L/W ratio). were recorded: (1) Isospora tiesangui Berto, Flausino, Luz, Ferreira, Lopes, 2008; (2) Isos- Results and discussion pora marambaiensis Berto, Flausino, Luz, Ferreira, Lopes, 2008; (3) Isospora sepetiben- Four ruby-crowned tanagers were exam- sis Berto, Flausino, Luz, Ferreira, Lopes, ined; being that one was positive for coccidia. 2008; (4) Isospora cadimi Berto, Flausino, Initially, the oocysts were nonsporulated, Luz, Ferreira, Lopes, 2009; (5) Isospora na- while 70% sporulated by day three. varroi Berto, Flausino, Luz, Ferreira, Lopes, The identified oocysts (Fig. 1) were 2009 and (6) Isospora ramphoceli Berto, spherical to subspherical, 21.0 (20-22) × 20.6 Flausino, Luz, Ferreira, Lopes, 2010. All (20-21) µm, with shape-index of 1.02. Oocyst these species were described from the Brazil- wall bi-layered and smooth, 1.1μm. Micro- ian tanager R.b. dorsalis (Berto et al. 2008, pyle, oocyst residuum and polar granule are 2009, 2010a); however, I. tiesangui was re- absent. Sporocysts ellipsoidal, 15.2 (15-16) × ported from the palm tanager T. palmarum 9.3 (9-10) µm, with shape-index of with 1.63. and blue dacnis Dacnis cayana Linnaeus and Stieda body flattened, 0.5 high × 1.5 wide. I. navarroi was reported from the palm tana- Substieda body small and delicate, 1.0 high × ger T. palmarum (Berto et al. 2010b, 2011b). 2.5 wide. Parastieda body absent. Sporocyst The aim of this study was to report one residuum composed of scattered granules, more host for I. tiesangui in Marambaia Is- which sometimes, turns into a ring form. land: the ruby-crowned tanager T. coronatus. Sporozoites vermiform, with a robust and elongate posterior refractile body. Materials and methods These oocysts had the same characteristic features of the oocysts of I. navarroi de- Four ruby-crowned tanagers were captured scribed from R.b. dorsalis and T. palmarum using nets at Marambaia Island (23°04’S, on Marambaia Island. Therefore, in the cur- 43°53’W) in the State of Rio de Janeiro. They rent study, a new host for I. navarroi is re- were kept in individual cages, and feces were corded, once that feature-similar oocysts were collected immediately after defecation. After recovered from the ruby-crowned tanager T. identification, the birds were released and the coronatus. fecal samples were placed in plastic vials con- taining 2.5% potassium dichromate solution Acknowledgements (K2Cr2O7) 1:6 (v/v). Samples were carried to the Laboratório de Coccídios e Coccidioses, This study was supported by grants from 3 Coccidia, 1(1), 2-5, 2013 Lopes et al. Fig. 1. Sporulated oöcysts of Isospora navarroi recovered from ruby-crowned tanagers Tachyphonus coronatus: Composite line drawing (a) and photomicrographs. Scale-bar: 10 µm. the Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo Lopes CWG. Isospora ramphoceli n. sp. à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FA- (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the Brazi- PERJ) to B. P. Berto (E-26/110.987/2013). lian tanager (Aves: Passeriformes: Thrau- We also thank the Brazilian Navy, in special pidae) Ramphocelus bresilius dorsalis S- to the command of CADIM (Centro de Ade- clater, 1855. Zootaxa, 2650, 57-62, 2010a. stramento da Ilha da Marambaia) that allowed Berto BP, Luz HR, Ferreira I, Flausino W, us to access the Marambaia Island, located in Lopes CWG. Two new hosts for Isospora Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, and use some of tiesangui Berto, Flausino, Luz, Ferreira & the facilities of CADIM during the field work. Lopes. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Ve- terinária, 32, 169-171, 2010b. References Berto BP, Flausino W, McIntosh D, Lopes CWG. Coccidia of New World passerine- Berto BP, Flausino W, Luz HR, Ferreira I, birds (Aves: Passeriformes): a review of Lopes CWG. Three New Coccidian Para- Eimeria Schneider, 1875 and Isospora sites of Brazilian Tanager (Ramphocelus- Schneider, 1881 (Apicomplexa: Eimerii- bresilius dorsalis) from South America. dae). Systematic Parasitology, 80, 159- Acta Protozoologica, 47, 77-81, 2008. 204, 2011a. Berto BP, Flausino W, Luz HR, Ferreira I, Berto BP, Luz HR, Flausino W, Teixeira- Lopes CWG. Two new Isospora species Filho WL, Ferreira I, Lopes CWG. Isospo- from Brazilian tanager (Ramphocelus bre- roid Coccidia (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) silius dorsalis) of South America. Parasi- parasites of tanagers (Passeriformes: tology Research, 105, 635-639, 2009. Thraupidae) from the Marambaia Island, Berto BP, Flausino W, Luz HR, Ferreira I, Brazil. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, 4 Coccidia, 1(1), 2-5, 2013 Lopes et al. 31, 798-805, 2011b. 333-336, 1997. CBRO. Lista das aves do Brasil. Rio de Janei- IUCN. International Union for Conservation ro: Comitê Brasileiro de Registros Ornito- of Nature and Natural Resources. 2013. lógicos, 2011. Duszynski DW, Wilber PG. A guideline for http://www.iucnredlist.org [15-08-2013] the preparation of species descriptions in Sick H. Ornitologia Brasileira. Rio de Janeiro: the Eimeridae. Journal of Parasitology, 83, Nova Fronteira, 1997. 5 Coccidia, 1(1), 2-5, 2013 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 21 Sep 2018 Lists of Victims and Hosts of the Parasitic
    version: 21 Sep 2018 Lists of victims and hosts of the parasitic cowbirds (Molothrus). Peter E. Lowther, Field Museum Brood parasitism is an awkward term to describe an interaction between two species in which, as in predator-prey relationships, one species gains at the expense of the other. Brood parasites "prey" upon parental care. Victimized species usually have reduced breeding success, partly because of the additional cost of caring for alien eggs and young, and partly because of the behavior of brood parasites (both adults and young) which may directly and adversely affect the survival of the victim's own eggs or young. About 1% of all bird species, among 7 families, are brood parasites. The 5 species of brood parasitic “cowbirds” are currently all treated as members of the genus Molothrus. Host selection is an active process. Not all species co-occurring with brood parasites are equally likely to be selected nor are they of equal quality as hosts. Rather, to varying degrees, brood parasites are specialized for certain categories of hosts. Brood parasites may rely on a single host species to rear their young or may distribute their eggs among many species, seemingly without regard to any characteristics of potential hosts. Lists of species are not the best means to describe interactions between a brood parasitic species and its hosts. Such lists do not necessarily reflect the taxonomy used by the brood parasites themselves nor do they accurately reflect the complex interactions within bird communities (see Ortega 1998: 183-184). Host lists do, however, offer some insight into the process of host selection and do emphasize the wide variety of features than can impact on host selection.
    [Show full text]
  • Reproductive Behavior of the Red-Crested Finch Coryphospingus Cucullatus (Aves: Thraupidae) in Southeastern Brazil
    ZOOLOGIA 33(4): e20160071 ISSN 1984-4689 (online) www.scielo.br/zool BEHAVIOR Reproductive behavior of the Red-crested Finch Coryphospingus cucullatus (Aves: Thraupidae) in southeastern Brazil Paulo V.Q. Zima1 & Mercival R. Francisco2* 1Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos. Rodovia Wash- ington Luís, km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil. 2Departamento de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Campus Sorocaba. Rodovia João Leme dos Santos, km 110, 18052-780 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil. *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT. Several behavioral aspects of the Red-crested Finch Coryphospingus cucullatus (Statius Müller, 1776) are poorly studied. Here we provide reproductive information on 16 active nests. This information may be valuable to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships of this bird, and to design plans to manage it. Nesting activities occurred from October to February. Clutches consisted of two to three eggs (2.06 ± 0.25), which were laid on consecutive days. Incubation usually started the morning the females laid their last egg and lasted 11.27 ± 0.47 days. Hatching was synchronous, or happened at a one-day interval. The nestling stage lasted 12 ± 0.89 days. Only females incubated the eggs and they fed the young more often than the males did. Overall nesting success, from incubation to fledging, was 28.2%. Nest architecture and egg color proved to be diagnostic characteristics of Coryphospingus, supporting its maintenance as a distinct genus within the recently proposed sub-family Tachyphoninae. Red-crested Finches showed a preference for certain nesting sites, i.e., forest borders or a Cerrado in late regeneration stage.
    [Show full text]
  • Lapa Rios Bird Checklist Lapa Rios Bird Checklist
    Lapa Rios Bird Checklist Lapa Rios Bird Checklist The birds listed as "have been seen" at Lapa Rios include the Reserve itself as well as sighthings in the Matapalo (beach) area, in and around Puerto Jiménez and along the road from Puerto Jiménez to Lapa Rios; a distance of approximately 19 kilometers (11 miles). Lapa Rios is a private Biological Preserve of approximately 1000 acres. Access to its trail system is only through the permission of the management. The trail inmmediately adjacent to the main lodge can be explored without a staff guide, but a staff guide is required for any excursion into the interior of the preserve or along the Carbonera River. STATUS CODE: A = "Abundant" - many seen or heard daily in appropriate habitat/season and/or in large groups at frequent intervals. C = "Common" - consistently recorded in appropiate habitat/season and/or in large groups at frequent intervals. U = "Uncommon" - recorded regularly but with longer intervals and in small numbers. R = "Rare" - recorded in very small numbers or on really rare occasions. Acc = "Accidental" - recorded only a few times at Lapa Rios sometimes far out of its normal range and not likely to recur. Ex = "Extinct"- considered to be extint in the wild, with no populations on the country and only few sightings in the last years. GARRIGUES GUIDE: We reference Richard Garrigues guidebook for the bird’s description. The Birds of Costa Rica: A Field Guide. Zona Tropical Publications, Paperback – April 12, 2007 1 COMMON NAME LATIN NAME STATUS GUIDE TINAMOUS 1 Great Tinamou Tinamus major A Pag.
    [Show full text]
  • Apparent Survival and Cost of Reproduction for White-Lined Tanager (Tachyphonus Rufus, Thraupidae) in the Northern Atlantic Rainforest, Brazil
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Apparent survival and cost of reproduction for White-lined Tanager (Tachyphonus rufus, Thraupidae) in the northern Atlantic Rainforest, Brazil Phoeve Macario1,2*, Mauro Pichorim2, Paul F. Doherty, Jr.3, Guilherme S. Toledo- Lima1,2☯, Tonny M. Oliveira-Ju nior2,4☯, Thanyria P. F. CaÃmara2☯, Shirley Macjane Melo2☯, João Lucas S. Silveira2☯, Juliana C. Arau jo2☯, Leonardo F. FrancËa5 a1111111111 a1111111111 1 Programa de PoÂs-GraduacËão em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio a1111111111 Grande do Norte, Brazil, 2 LaboratoÂrio de Ornitologia, Departamento de BotaÃnica e Zoologia, Universidade a1111111111 Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, 3 Department of Fish, Wildlife, and a1111111111 Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America, 4 Programa de PoÂs-GraduacËão em Ciências BioloÂgicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, 5 LaboratoÂrio de Ecologia de PopulacËões Animais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-aÂrido, MossoroÂ, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil ☯ These authors contributed equally to this work. OPEN ACCESS * [email protected] Citation: Macario P, Pichorim M, Doherty PF, Jr., Toledo-Lima GS, Oliveira-JuÂnior TM, CaÃmara TPF, et al. (2017) Apparent survival and cost of Abstract reproduction for White-lined Tanager (Tachyphonus rufus, Thraupidae) in the northern Understanding latitudinal variation in avian life-history traits has been a focus of many demo- Atlantic Rainforest, Brazil. PLoS ONE 12(10): graphic studies around the world. However, we still know little about annual or intra-annual e0185890. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. demographic variation within tropical regions or about how factors such as breeding season pone.0185890 and precipitation influence demographic rates.
    [Show full text]
  • Pousada Rio Roosevelt: a Provisional Avifaunal Inventory in South
    Cotinga31-090608:Cotinga 6/8/2009 2:38 PM Page 23 Cotinga 31 Pousada Rio Roosevelt: a provisional avifaunal inventory in south- western Amazonian Brazil, with information on life history, new distributional data and comments on taxonomy Andrew Whittaker Received 26 November 2007; final revision accepted 16 July 2008 first published online 4 March 2009 Cotinga 31 (2009): 23–46 Apresento uma lista preliminar de aves da Pousada Rio Roosevelt situada ao sul do rio Amazonas e leste do rio Madeira, do qual o Rio Roosevelt é um dos maiores afluentes da margem direta. A localização geográfica do pousada aumenta a importância da publicação de uma lista preliminar da avifauna, uma vez que ela se situa no interflúvio Madeira / Tapajós dentro do centro de endemismo Rondônia. Recentes descobertas ornitológicas neste centro de endemismo incluem a choca-de- garganta-preta Clytoctantes atrogularis, que foi encontrada na pousada e é considerada uma espécie globalmente ameaçada. Discuto porque a realização de levantamentos de aves na Amazônia é tão difícil, mencionando sucintamente alguns avanços ornitólogos Neotropicais principalmente com relação ao conhecimento das vocalizações das espécies. Os resultados obtidos confirmaram que o rio Roosevelt é uma importante barreira biográfica para algumas de Thamnophildae, família representada por 50 espécies na Pousada Roosevelt, localidade com a maior diversidade de espécies desta família em todo o mundo. Ao todo, um total de 481 espécies de aves foi registrado durante 51 dias no campo, indicando que estudos adicionais poderão elevar esse número para além de 550 espécies. Para cada espécie registrada são fornecidos detalhes sobre sua abundância, migração, preferências de hábitat e tipo de documentação na área.
    [Show full text]
  • Timothy Wong Biologist II, Steinhart Aquarium, California Academy of Sciences 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118
    Birds vs. Butterflies: Exhibiting Tropical Passerines and Lepidoptera in the Osher Rainforest Exhibit at the California Academy of Sciences Timothy Wong Biologist II, Steinhart Aquarium, California Academy of Sciences 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118 The Osher Rainforest exhibit at the California Academy of Sciences houses a mixed species display of birds, butterflies, tropical plants, reptiles, fish, and amphibians in a spherical glass greenhouse. The exhibit was designed to house a diverse and naturalistic selection of species originating from rainforest habitats around the world; providing unique challenges for husbandry staff to successfully display a diverse selection of tropical Lepidoptera with insectivorous Passerine species chosen for exhibit. Photo 1: Paradise Tanager Tangara chilensis Photo 2: Heliconius hecale nectaring ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Introduction Displaying live tropical butterflies successfully with insectivorous birds naturally poses many challenges. Since opening in 2008, the species of exhibit butterflies remained relatively unchanged resulting in regular predation and fewer butterflies on display. In 2017, the exhibit underwent significant renovations to improve how visitors experienced live butterflies, creating opportunities to make changes to husbandry, improve the habitat, and try new species of butterflies at elevated numbers while maintaining compatibility with the existing bird collection. These changes aimed to increase the survivability and maximize the diversity of butterflies on display. New feeding
    [Show full text]
  • Suriname! (Dani Lopez-Velasco)
    Visiting a lek of the stunning Guianan Cock-of-the-Rock is definitely a must for any birder. And there´s no better place to do it than Suriname! (Dani Lopez-Velasco) SURINAME 23 FEBRUARY – 9/14 MARCH 2015 LEADER: DANI LOPEZ VELASCO and SEAN DILROSUN On our third tour to Suriname we amassed a great list of Guianan specialities, next to a splendid selection of more widespread, but rarely seen species. Our intrepid group recorded 404 species of birds, 16 mammals and some lovely ‘herps’ in this little country with its surface of about eight times Wales and its population of just over half a million people. We visited five different areas comprising three distinct ecosystems. It started with a short visit to the white sand grasslands and scrub of central Suriname where Black-faced Hawk, Bronzy Jacamar, Point-tailed Palmcreeper, Saffron-crested Tyrant–Manakin, Black Manakin and Glossy- backed Becard grabbed our attention. It continued with the famous Raleigh Falls and the Voltzberg, where many Guianan Cocks-of-the-Rock put on an unforgettable show on their lek, while other major avian highlights included brilliant Pompadour Cotingas, massive Black-throated and the very localized Band-tailed 1 BirdQuest Tour Report: Suriname www.birdquest-tours.com Antshrikes and delightful Red-billed Pied Tanagers. The misty forests of the Brownsberg were lighted up by incredibly tame Grey-winged Trumpeters and Black Curassows, rare Racket-tailed and stunning Tufted Coquettes, gaudy Blue-backed Tanagers and delicate White-fronted Manakins, colorful Rose-breasted Chats and much wanted Red-and black Grosbeaks. The coastal area held goodies like Scarlet Ibis, Rufous Crab Hawk, localized Arrowhead Piculets and Blood-coloured Woodpeckers and striking Crimson-hooded Manakins.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Phylogenetics of a Clade of Lowland Tanagers: Implications for Avian Participation in the Great American Interchange
    The Auk 126(3):635 648, 2009 The American Ornithologists’ Union, 2009. Printed in USA. MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS OF A CLADE OF LOWLAND TANAGERS: IMPLICATIONS FOR AVIAN PARTICIPATION IN THE GREAT AMERICAN INTERCHANGE KEVIN J. BURNS1 AND RACHEL A. RACICOT2 Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182, USA Abstract.—The importance of the formation of the Panamanian land bridge for mammalian diversification in the New World is well documented; however, studies investigating the role of this land bridge in avian diversification have only recently been reported. We used mitochondrial DNA data to reconstruct the phylogeny of a group of lowland tanagers (Thraupidae) that contains species distributed in both Central America and South America. Phylogenetic analyses identified a clade that includes all species in the genera Tachyphonus, Ramphocelus, Eucometis, Lanio, Trichothraupis, Coryphospingus, and Rhodospingus. Three of these species (Rhodospingus cruentus, Coryphospingus cucullatus, and C. pileatus) have traditionally been classified with the finches (Emberizidae); here, we show that they are tanagers. The genusTachyphonus is polyphyletic, with some species more closely related to species in the genus Ramphocelus than they are to other Tachyphonus. The ancestor of the entire clade was distributed in South America or was widespread there and in Central America. Reconstructing the biogeographic history of this group showed a dispersal bias from South America to Central America. Nine dispersal events were inferred, and eight of these involve dispersals from South America to Central America. Temporally, most dispersal events coincide with or postdate the final formation of the Panamanian isthmus. We also used our phylogeny to investigate plumage evolution.
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science (1988) Volume 98 P
    Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science (1988) Volume 98 p. 581-593. SKELETONS AND THE GENERA OF TANAGERS J. Dan Webster Hanover College Hanover, Indiana 47243 ABSTRACT: There are 248 species of tanagers ( Aves, Pas- seriformes, Thraupinae) arranged in 61 genera and known chiefly from their skins. The author studied 434 skeletons of 191 species of 57 genera, describing the shape or measuring 36 characters on each. Twenty-three characters proved useful in generic discrimination. Presence or absence of a free lac- rimal; presence or absence of a manubrium-sternum bridge; shape and size of the interpalatine process; and the tibiotar- sus/ulna length ratio were the best discriminants. The phy- logeny of the tanagers remains unclear. More specimens must be studied. INTRODUCTION The 248 species of tanagers (Passeriformes, Emberizidae, Thraupinae) con- stitute a large, varied, colorful subfamily of neotropical birds. The last systematist to list all the known genera and species with their characters was Sclater (1886). Ridgway (1902) differentiated all the genera and those species found in North and Central American and the West Indies. Storer discussed the classification (1969) and listed all the forms (1970). Other important contributions were by Wetmore (1914), who described the peculiar stomach ofEuphonia, and by Beecher (1951), who stated, mainly on the basis of jaw muscles, that several genera of honeycreepers belonged with the tanagers. Lucas (1894) and Bock (1985) differ- entiated genera of honeycreepers on the basis of tongue structure. Sibley (1970) studied the egg white proteins of 7 genera. Raikow (1978, 1985) devised a clas- sification based mainly on the appendicular myology of 13 genera plus 4 borderline genera.
    [Show full text]
  • BONNER ZOOLOGISCHE MONOGRAPHIEN, Nr
    QL © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zoologicalbulletin.de; www.biologiezentrum.at AVIFAUNA OF NORTHWESTERN COLOMBIA, SOUTH AMERICA by JÜRGEN HAFFER BONNER ZOOLOGISCHE MONOGRAPHIEN, Nr. 7 1975 Herausgeber: ZOOLOGISCHES FORSCHUNGSINSTITUT UND MUSEUM ALEXANDER KOENIG BONN © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zoologicalbulletin.de; www.biologiezentrum.at : BONNER ZOOLOGISCHE MONOGRAPHIEN Die Serie wird vom Zoologischen Forschungsinistitut und Museum Alexander Koenig herausgegeben und bringt Originalarbeiten, die für eine Unterbringung in den „Bonner Zoologischen Beiträgen" zu lang sind und eine Veröffentlichung als Monographie rechtfertigen. Anfragen bezüglich der Vorlage von Manuskripten und Bestellungen sind an die Schriftleitung zu richten. This series of monographs, published by the Zoological Research In- stitute and Museum Alexander Koenig, has been established for original contributions too long for inclusion in „Bonner Zoologische Beiträge". Correspondence concerning manuscripts for publication and purchase orders should be addressed to the editors. LTnstitut de Recherches Zoologiques et Museum Alexander Koenig a etabli cette serie de monographies pour pouvoir publier des travaux zoolo- giques trop longs pour etre inclus dans les „Bonner Zoologische Beiträge". Toute correspondance concernant des manuscrits pour cette serie ou des commandes doivent etre adressees aux editeurs. BONNER ZOOLOGISCHE MONOGRAPHIEN, Nr. 7, 1975 Preis 35 DM Schriftleitung/Editor Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Panama's Canopy Tower and El Valle's Canopy Lodge
    FIELD REPORT – Panama’s Canopy Tower and El Valle’s Canopy Lodge January 4-16, 2019 Orange-bellied Trogon © Ruthie Stearns Blue Cotinga © Dave Taliaferro Geoffroy’s Tamarin © Don Pendleton Ocellated Antbird © Carlos Bethancourt White-tipped Sicklebill © Jeri Langham Prepared by Jeri M. Langham VICTOR EMANUEL NATURE TOURS, INC. 2525 WALLINGWOOD DR., AUSTIN, TX 78746 Phone: 512-328-5221 or 800-328-8368 / Fax: 512-328-2919 [email protected] / www.ventbird.com Myriads of magazine articles have touted Panama’s incredible Canopy Tower, a former U.S. military radar tower transformed by Raúl Arias de Para when the U.S. relinquished control of the Panama Canal Zone. It sits atop 900-foot Semaphore Hill overlooking Soberania National Park. While its rooms are rather spartan, the food is Panama’s Canopy Tower © Ruthie Stearns excellent and the opportunity to view birds at dawn from the 360º rooftop Observation Deck above the treetops is outstanding. Twenty minutes away is the start of the famous Pipeline Road, possibly one of the best birding roads in Central and South America. From our base, daily birding outings are made to various locations in Central Panama, which vary from the primary forest around the tower, to huge mudflats near Panama City and, finally, to cool Cerro Azul and Cerro Jefe forest. An enticing example of what awaits visitors to this marvelous birding paradise can be found in excerpts taken from the Journal I write during every tour and later e- mail to participants. These are taken from my 17-page, January 2019 Journal. On our first day at Canopy Tower, with 5 of the 8 participants having arrived, we were touring the Observation Deck on top of Canopy Tower when Ruthie looked up and called my attention to a bird flying in our direction...it was a Black Hawk-Eagle! I called down to others on the floor below and we watched it disappear into the distant clouds.
    [Show full text]
  • A Field Checklist of the Birds of Guyana 2Nd Edition
    A Field Checklist of the Birds of Guyana 2nd Edition Michael J. Braun Davis W. Finch Mark B. Robbins and Brian K. Schmidt Smithsonian Institution USAID O •^^^^ FROM THE AMERICAN PEOPLE A Field Checklist of the Birds of Guyana 2nd Edition by Michael J. Braun, Davis W. Finch, Mark B. Robbins, and Brian K. Schmidt Publication 121 of the Biological Diversity of the Guiana Shield Program National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington, DC, USA Produced under the auspices of the Centre for the Study of Biological Diversity University of Guyana Georgetown, Guyana 2007 PREFERRED CITATION: Braun, M. J., D. W. Finch, M. B. Robbins and B. K. Schmidt. 2007. A Field Checklist of the Birds of Guyana, 2nd Ed. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. AUTHORS' ADDRESSES: Michael J. Braun - Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 4210 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, MD, USA 20746 ([email protected]) Davis W. Finch - WINGS, 1643 North Alvemon Way, Suite 105, Tucson, AZ, USA 85712 ([email protected]) Mark B. Robbins - Division of Ornithology, Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA 66045 ([email protected]) Brian K. Schmidt - Smithsonian Institution, Division of Birds, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC, USA 20013- 7012 ([email protected]) COVER ILLUSTRATION: Guyana's national bird, the Hoatzin or Canje Pheasant, Opisthocomus hoazin, by Dan Lane. INTRODUCTION This publication presents a comprehensive list of the birds of Guyana with summary information on their habitats, biogeographical affinities, migratory behavior and abundance, in a format suitable for use in the field. It should facilitate field identification, especially when used in conjunction with an illustrated work such as Birds of Venezuela (Hilty 2003).
    [Show full text]