A NATIONAL TRANSPORT SYSTEM FOR

Including an Investment Program

Public Disclosure Authorized for the Third Plan 1965/66-1969/70

(In three volumes) U N N w38 VOL. 3

Public Disclosure Authorized VOLUME III STATISTICAL APPENDIX Public Disclosure Authorized

Report of a Mission organized by the INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT at the request of THE GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL Public Disclosure Authorized

Washington, D. C. June 1965 CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS

U.S. $1 NRs 7.619 NRs 1 = U.S. $. 13125 This volume represents a collation of all data collected by the Mission from published sources, and from personal interviews and observations. Some of the information is necessarily preliminary and tentative. TABLE OF CONTENTS

Volume III. Statistical Appendix

Page No. A. Population and Climate

A-1. 1961 Population of Nepal by Region and District . . . . 1 A-2. 1961 Urban and Rural Population, Area and Number of Families in Different Regions of Nepal ...... 3 A-3. Projections of Population in Nepal ...... 4 A-4. Monthly Rainfall at Selected Nepal IMeasuring Stations . . 5 B. Government Finances and Resources

B-1. Tentative Estimate of Gross Domestic Product by Industrial Origin for the Year 1961/62 at Market Prices ...... , .O...... 6 B-2. Revenue of the Nepal Government by Source, Fiscal Years 1961/62, 1962/63, 1963/64 and 1964/65 . . . 8 B-3. Foreign Aid Portions of the Development Budgets of the Government of Nepal, Fiscal Years 1961/62, 1962/63,1963/64 and 1964/65 ...... 9 B-4. Regular Expenditures of the Government of Nepal, Fiscal Years 1961/62, 1962/63, 1963/64 and 1964/65 . . 10 B-5. Development Expenditures of the Government of Nepal Fiscal Years 1961/62, 1962/63, 1963/64 and 1964/65 . . 11 B-6. Patterns of Development Loans as of October 29, 1964 . 12 B-7. Plonetary Survey ...... 13 B-8. Factors Affecting Money Supply ...... 14 B-9. Wholesale Price Relatives of Some Consumer Goods in the Valley, Fiscal Years 1961/62-1963/64 . . 15 B-10. Unweighted Wholesale Price Ratios of Selected Con- sumer Goods in the , Fiscal Years 1961/62-1963/64 ...... 16 B-li. Summary of Recorded Imports in F.Y. 1961/62 by Major 16 Divisions ...... a , ...... 17 B-12. Summary of Recorded Exports in F.Y. 1961/62 by Major Divisions ...... 18 B-13. Recorded Imports into from Nepal 1961/62 to 1962/63 ...... 19 B-14. Recorded Exports from India to Nepal 1961/62 to 1962/63 ...... a...20 B-15. Recorded Imports into India from Nepal 1963/64 . . . 22 B-16. r2ecorded Exports from India to Nepal 1963/64 ...... 23 B-17. Summary Table of Imports from (Mainland China) in F.Y. 1960/61 24...... 2 B-18. Summary Table of Recorded Exports to Tibet (Mainland . h China) in F.Y. 1960/61 ...... 25 i Page No.

B-19. Receipts from Soldiers' Pensions and Salaries, and from Tourists ...... 26 B-20. Foreign Assets of the Nepal Rastra Bank ...... 27 B-21. Foreign Exchange Assets of the Nepal Rastra Bank Other than Indian Currency, Year Ending Mid-July 1959 to Year Ending Mid-July 1964 ...... 28 B-22. Nepal's Income and Expenditure of Convertible Foreign Exchange 1960/61-1963/64 ...... 29 B-23. External Debt of the Government of Nepal as of December 1964 ...... *. * 30 B-24. Preliminary Distribution of Expenditures in the Third Plan ...... 31 B-25. Preliminary Distribution of Expenditures in Third Plan by Sectors ...... * ...... 32 B-26. United States and Indian Assistance to Nepal ...... 33

C. Land Utilization, Agriculture and Irrigation

C-1. Land Utilization by Regions ...... 34 C-2. Agricultural Land Utilization and Yields by Regions ...... *.*...... 35 C-3. Agricultural Crops and Products - Their Distribu- tion and Utilization - by Administrative Units . . . . . 36 C-4. Auction Sales of Standing Timber ...... 56 C-5. Government Allocations for Sale of Timber to Sawmi.lls ...... 57 C-6. Production of Main Food Grains - Agricultural Census 1961/62 ...... 58 C-7. Quantities of Food Grain Distributed by the Government from 1961/62 to 1963/64 ...... 59 C-8. Location and Capacity df Available Government- Owned Storage Facilities as of November 1964 ...... 60 C-9. Dairy Industry Production of Milk, Cheese and Butter ...... 61 C-10. Sugar, Jute and Tobacco Industries as of November 1964...... 62 C-11. Total Land Holdings, Number of Agricultural Households and Number of Households that Could Be Supported by Available Land ...... 64 C-12. Annual Average Prices (1962 & 1963) of Selected Commodities ...... 65 C-13. Chart of Differences in Retail Price of Rice, Wheat and M4aize in Various Localities as of May/

June 1964 ...... a . . 66 C-14. The Portions of Existing Consumer Prices Repre- sented by Transportation and Other Cost Factors . . . . 67 Page No.

C-15. liarketing Places in Nepal ...... 68 C-16. Irrigation Projects in Operation, under Con- struction and in Planning Stage as of November 1964 . . 75

D. Industry and Tourism

D-1. Industries Operating or under Construction as of March 1965 ...... 78 D-2. Industrial Production of Selected Commodities 1961/62 to 1963/64 ...... 81 D-3. Tourists in Kathmandu ...... o...... 82 D-4. Hotel Facilities in Kathmandu ...... 83 D-5. Retail Price of Automotive Gasoline in Different Localities within Nepal July 1964 ...... 84

E. Roads and Highway Transport

E-1. Length of and Traffic on Existing Roads and Roads under Construction as of December 1964 ...... 85 E-2. Inventory of Existing Roads and Roads under Con- struction as of December 1964 ...... 86 E-3. Analysis of the Roads Department Budget (Fiscal Year: July 15, 1964 - July 15, 1965) ...... 98 E-4. Details of the Budget of the Roads Department (New Works Only) July 1963-July 1964 and July 1964- July 1965 ...... 100 E-5. Road Cess Rates and Collection ...... 101 E-6. Annual Road Cess Collections on the Tribuwan Rajpath 1956/57-1963/64...... 102 E-7. Running Cost of the Road Cess Depots, July 1963- July 1964 .k...... 103 E-8. Basic Construction Pric6s Obtained from Existing Large Work Projects as of 1964 ...... 104 E-9. Cost of Road Maintenance...... o . o . . . . . 105 E-10. Cost of Transporting Gasoline in Tank Trucks on the Tribuwan Rajpath July 1964 ...... 106 E-ll. Prices of Transport ...... 107 E-12. Running Cost of a Truck in Nepal ...... 108 E-13. Registration of Motor Vehicles in Nepal by Loca- tion and Type as of July 1964 ...... 110 E-14. Principal Junctions between Nepal and Indian Transportation Systems ...... 11. E-15. List of Heavy Equipment in Serviceable Condition, Belonging to the Hitaura and Kathmandu Heavy Equipment Divisions of the Roads Department, as of March 31, 1965 . . - ...... 113 - iv -

Page No0

E-16. Estimated Replacement Cost of Present Vehicles Now in Use ...... 11L4

F. Airports and Air Transport

F-1. Nepal Airports ...... 115 F-2. Passengers Carried by Royal Nepal Airlines Corporation by Route (1959-1963) ...... 130 F-3. Cargo and Mail Carried by RNAC during 12 Months Ending July 15, 1964 .n.g.J.u.l.yl.1...... 131 F-4. RNAC Summer Schedules Effective July 10, 1964 . . . . . 132 F-5. RNAC Winter Schedules Effective October 15, 1964 . . . . 136 F-6. Inventory of Poyal Nepal Airlines Corporation Dakota (DC-3) Equipment, 1958-1965 ...... 142 F-7. Number of Passengers and Poumds of Cargo Carried, by Months, for the Year 1963, Royal Nepal Airlines Corporation .143 F-8. Royal Nepal Airlines Corporation, Total Plane Hours Flown 1 4...... 14

G. Ropeway and Railways

G-1. Nepal Ropeway Operations ...... 145 G-2. Nepal Ropeway - Traffic and Revenues 1962/63, 1963/64, 1964/65 ...... 146 G-3. Nepal Ropeway - Revenues and Expenses 1958/59 *bo 1962/63 ...... 147 G-4t. Nepal--Jaynagar Railway - Statement of Traffic, Revenues and Expenses 1959/60 to 1963/64 . . 148 G-5. Monthly Traffic and Revenue from Passengers and Freight, Nepal-Janakpur-Jaynagar Railwyay ...... 149 G-6. Nepal Government Railway - Statement of Traffic, Revenues and Expenses 1959/60 to 1963/64 ...... 150 G-7. Monthly Traffic and Revenue from Passengers and Freight, Nepal Government Railway ...... 15. G-8. Kosi Construction Railway ...... 152 G-9. Railway Tariff for Goods Traffic ...... 153 G-10. Ropeway Tariff for Goods Traffic ...... 154 - 1 - A-1 p.]

TABLE A-1

1961 POPULATION OF NEPAL BY REGION AND DISTRICT

Name of Region or District No. of Families Population

NEPAL 1,775,645 9,387,661

Eastern Hills 340,085 1,882,925

Kabhrepalanchok 38,093 212,661 Sindhupalchok 35,935 187,893 Dolakha 24,729 132,044 Chisankhu (Ramechhap) 244193 123,352 Chisankhu () 29,509 163,799 Kajhkirat 24,921 128j338 Bhojpur 47,873 252,452 Chhathum 24,o45 134,951 Terhathum 68,821 423,216 Ilam 21,966 124,219

Eastern Inner 32,266 175,909

Udaipur 16,854 89,367 Sindhuli Gadhi 15,412 86,542

Eastern Terai 450,608 2,210,034

Jhapa 26,179 119j752 66,275 324,356 Hanumannagar 56,602 300,281 41,879 210,529 Mahottari 101,148 489,694 Sarlahi 35,170 163,240 45,509 218;803 Bara 50O572 245,379 Parwa 27,274 138,000

Kath3andu Valley 86,441 4562804

Kathmnandu 40°007 220;391 Lalitpur 28,849 147j323 Bhaktapur 17,585 89,090 - 2 - A-1 p.2

Western Hills 379,562 1,952,530

Nuwakot 31,698 164;748 Dhading 39,164 206,323 Gorkha 29,130 152,534 Tapahun 24,939 127,862 Lamjung 26,724 130,650 Kaski 27,789 127,231 Syangja (West No.4) 69,475 341,157 Baglung 43;926 227,713 Gulmi 55,369 302,005 Palpa 31,348 172,307

Far Western Hills 303,433 1,698,319 Piuthan 39,347 212,700 Salyan 73,087 415;022 Jumla 29j996 184;411 36,247 210,630 Achham 31,127 151,365 53,870 283,318 Baitadi 24,267 158,612 Dandeldhura 15,492 82,261 Central Inner Terai 39,827 240,824

Chisapani 26,781 155,079 Chitaun 11,297 67,963 Nabalpur 1,749 17,782 Western Inner Terai 13,733 98,765 Dang 7,951 56,019 5,782 42,746

Western Terai 85,822 400,017 Palhi 20,076 96,157 Majhkhand 32,183 141j227 Khajahahi 25,853 125,136 Sheoraj 7,710 37,497 Far Western Terai 43,868 271,534 Banke 20,119 95,o96 Bardiya 9,981 67,834 Kailali 11,487 89,735 Kanchanpur 2,281 18,869 TABLE A-2

1961 URBAN AND RURAL POPULATION, AREA AND NUMBER OF FAMILIES IN DIFFERENT REGIONS OF NEPAL

No. of Urban Rural Total No. of Average Total Population Name of Region Towns Population Population Population Families Family Area Density (Persons) (sq. miles) (per sq. mile)

Nepal 6 264.028 9,123.633 9.387.661 1.775.645 S.3 54.362 173

Eastern Hills - 1,882,925 1,882,025 340,085 5.5 10,114 186

Eastern Inner Terai 175,909 175,909 32,266 5.4 1,829 94

Eastern Terai 2 44,052 2,165,982 2,210,034 450,608 4.9 5,115 432

Kathmandu Valley 3 204,159 252,645 456,804 86,441 5.3 218 2,096

Western Hills - - 1,952,530 1,952,530 379,562 5.1 11,076 176

Far Western Hills - _ 1,698,319 1,698,319 303,433 5.5 18,879 89

Central Inner Terai - _ 240,824 240,824 39,827 6.o 2,267 107

Western Inner Terai - - 98,765 98,765 13,733 7.2 714 138

Western Terai - - 400,017 400,017 85,822 4.7 1,307 306

Far Western Terai 1 15,817 255,717 271,534 43,868 6.2 2,843 96 TABLE A-3

PROJECTIONS OF POPULATION IN NEPAL (Prepared by Agriculture Economic Section, Department of Agriculture)

Item 1961 1965 1970 1975

I. Population

a) Total Population 9,388,000 9,998,000 10,973,000 12,235,000 b) Male 4,619,000 4,949,000 5,476,000 6,154,000 c) Female 4,769,ooo 5,049,000 5,497,000 6,081,000 d) Density of population per sq. mile 173 184 201 225 e) Birth rate per thousand 45 45 43 42 f) Death rate per thousand 29 29 24 20 g) Rate of growth per thousand 16 16 19 22

II. Proportions of Population by Broad Age Group

0 - 4 years 1,249,000 1,350,000 1,503,000 1,700,000 5 - 14 years 2,366,000 2,499,000 2,732,000 3,035,000 15 - 19 years 892,000 950,000 1,053,000 1,162,000 20 - 34 years 2,309,000 2,450,000 2,668,ooo 2,985,000 35 - 59 years 2,028,000 2,170,000 2,392,000 2,680,000 60 - 70 years 404,000 440,ooo 472,000 513,000 71 and above 140,000 149,000 153,000 160,000

III. Children of School and College Age (5 to 19) 3,298,000 3,449,000 3,785,000 4,197,000

Active Population 4,337,000 4,620,000 5,o60,000 5,665,000 Others 1,793,000 1,929,000 2,118,000 2,433,000

Note: An intermediary assumption between the low and high mortality rates assumed by the Department of Census and Statistics has been used. According to the Department's figures, on the low mortality assumption population should be 12.8 million in 1975, and on the high mortality assumption 12.0 million. TABLE A-4

MONTHLY RAINFALL AT SELECTED NEPAL MEASURING STATIONS

Alti- Precipitation in inches per month Location tude Total Feet Jan. Feb. March April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

Biratnagar (a) 300 o.68 0.35 0.30 1.27 6.48 13.56 20.55 13.04 8.94 2.63 0.51 0.00 68.31 (Eastern Terai)

Dhulikhel (a) 4,500 0.66 0.79 1.45 2.04 4.35 8.79 17.89 16.96 7.90 1.94 0.51 0.05 63.33 (Eastern Hills)

Kathmandu (a) 4,370 0.59 0.50 1.10 1.75 3.93 8.77 15.99 14.71 5.86 1.29 0.32 0.11 54.92 (Capital)

Namche Bazard (a) 11,000 2.20 0.53 0.91 0.49 1.68 6.41 8.16 7.42 5.51 2.40 0.94 2.36 39.01 (Eastern Hills)

Okhaldunga (a) 7,000 0.84 o.71 1.26 2.55 5.77 12.19 15.98 17.50 8.29 3.32 o.84 0.10 69.35 (Eastern Hills)

Ramechap (a) 4,900 0.68 0.47 0.71 1.04 1.80 4.87 9.93 9.29 2.51 0.97 0.70 0.04 33.01 (Eastern Hills)

Butwal (b) 600 2.20 0.05 0.21 0.63 0.28 8.22 39.45 34.03 10.12 5.30 - 0.05 100.59 (Western Terai)

Chisipani (c) 630 0.1112 0.541/ 1.69 0.46 2.46 10.10 35.88 20.52 14.94 1.14 0.481/ 0.401/ 88.72 (Karnali Issue)

Benigat (c) 1,070 0.5211 0.541/ O.40 1.10 3.74 6.80 18.58 16.70 8.96 1.20 0.36.1/ 0.881/ 59.78 (Jct. Seti and Karnali Rivers)

Pusma (c) 3,150 0.321/ 0.481/ 2.38 0.82 3.62 11.68 20.40 10.88 10.20 1.72 0.721/ 1.641/ 64.86 (Central Karnali)

Asaraghat (c) 2,100 0.601/ 0.401/ 1.04 1.28 1.86 7.50 12.86 13.46 7.16 0.86 1.401/ 1.521/ 49.94 (Upper Karnali) Source: (a) Mean of 10 years from FAO Pasture and Fodder Development Report, 1959. (b) Two-year average 1957 and 1959, from Survey Report of Sugar Industry in Bhutwal Industry, by Industrial Development Corp., Kathmandu, 1959. (c) Based on data March 1963 - October 1964 from Karnali Project measuring stations.

/ From one year's observation only. - 6 - B-1 F-T

TABLE B-1

TENTATIVE ESTIMATE OF GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT BY INDUSTRIAL ORIGIN

FOR THE YEAR 1961/62

AT MARKET PRICES

1. AGRICULTURE: lRs 2,228,570,597

a. Paddy NRs 920,130,613 b, Maize 263, 474,768 c. Other food grains 204,757,689 d. Pulses 40,00o0000 e. Potato 17,661j499 f. Other vegetables 62,145.,630 g. Straws 77,404,478 h. Oil-Seeds 112,188,697 i. Jute 45,397,000 J. Tobacco 17j131,205 k. Sugarcane 15,357,330 1. Spices 19,300,000 m. Fruits 40,000,000 n. Miscellaneous Commercial Crops 12,468,712 LIVESTOCK a. Meat 87,538,781 b. Milk and milk products 241,413,600 c. Wool 2v882 J754 d. Hides and Skins 25,743,263 e. Eggs 17,143,293 f. Other livestock products 6,432,185 2. FORESTRY AND HERBAL PRODUCTS 108,910,200

3. MINING AND QUARRYING 16,612 ,843 4. MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES: Factory Scale 31,787,204 Cottage Scale 414,540,497 5. CONSTRUCTION 140,740,370 B-1 p.2

6. ELECTRICITY AND DRINKING WATER NRs 590,035 7. TRANSPORT AND CO1WMUNICATIONS 36,593,849 8. WHCLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE 213,559,324 9. FINANCIAL 1ISTITUTIONS 22,245 547 10. OJNERSHIP OF DWELLINGS 338,093j480 11. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND DEFENSE 77,559,000 12. SERVICES 49 975,188

TOTAL PRODUCT: NRs 3,679,778X134

Source: Ministry of Economics Planning "The Economic Appraisal Report" No. 2, Vol. II. 8 B-2

TABLE B-2

REVENUE OF THE NEPAL GOVERNMENT BY SOURCE

FISCAL YEARS 1961/62, 1962/63, 1963/64 and 1964/65

(In millions of NRs)

1961/62 1962/63 1963/64 1964/65 Actual Actual Original Actual Estimate Estimate

Customs 2 32,2 37.4 43.5 49.3 56.1 Excise 6.9 9.2 10.2 1000 13.3

Land Revenue 28.2 52.9 54.5 53.0 45.0

Forest 8.7 9.8 13.0 13.4 12,0

Railways and Other Transport 3.8 3.6 4.6 4.8 5.8

Post Office and Other Communications 1.3 1.6 2.3 2.4 3.4

Others 9.8 15.2 15.8 25.1 43.22/

Total 90.9 129.7 143.9 158.0 178.9

Sources: Finance Minister's Budget Speeches 1963/64 and 1964/65 Research Division, Ministry of Finance

21 Including refund by India of Indian central excises levied on Indian commodities exported to Nepal. j/ Including revenues from tax measures, registration, irrigation and water supply, etc.

3/ Includes revenue from new tax measures originally estimated to amount to NRs 10 million in 1961/62, IMs 30.6 million in 1962/63, and NRs 7 million in 1963/64. TABLE B-3

FOREIGN AID PORTIONS OF THE DEVELOPMENT BUDGETS OF THE GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL FISCAL YEARS 1961/62, 1962/63, 1963/64 AND 1964/65 (in millions of NRs)

1961/62 1962/63 1963/64 1964/65 Original Revised Original Revised Original Revised Estimates Estimates Estimates Estimates Estimates Estimates Estimate

Grants U.S.A. 65.6 ... 79.3 ... 84.6 ... 94.4 India 38.3 ... 25.1 ... 20.9 ... 19.3 U.S.S.R. 16.1 ... 14.1 ... 7.2 ... 1.2 Mainland China 3.0 ... 2.7 ... 10.0 ... 12.7 U.K. 1.0 ... 5.1 ... 0.2 ... 0.6 New Zealand 1.0 ... 0.9 -- 0.5 ... Federal Republic of Germany 0.5 ... _- -- -- Ford Foundation 1.0 ... 1.0 ... 1.4 ... U.N. i.6 ... ------.. I.L.O. -- -- 0.1 ... 0.1 W.H.O. 0.7 ... ------\0

Total 128.8 68.8 128.8 55.4 125.0 132.3 128.3 Loans U.S.S.R. ------11.5 U.K. ------1.9 ... 33.02/

Total ------13.4 13.4 33.0

Grand Total 128.8 68.8 128.32J 55.4 138.4 145.7 161.3

Sources: Finance Minister's Budget Speeches 1961/62, 1962/63, 1963/64, 1964/65 and other data obtained from the Nepalese Government.

1/ The total foreign grants estimated for that year (including those not passing through the budget) were a little larger than this figure (see Volume I., Chapter 1, page 14.

2/ Including cash balance of the FY 1963/64, 12.5, foreign loan 15.5 and internal loans 5.0. TABLE B-4

REGULAR EXPENDITURES OF THE GOVERNMENT OF NEPAL FISCAL YEARS 1961/62, 1962/63, 1963/64 AND 1964/65 (in millions of NRs)

1961/62 1962/63 1963/64 1964/65 Original Revised Actual Actual Estimates Estimatesi/ Estimate

Economic Services 15.0 30.9 21.3 22.1 25.2 1. Agriculture and forestry 3.6 10.8 4.2 4.8 4.8 2. Industry and commerce 2.0 0.3 0.3 0.9 0.9 3. Transport 1.5 4.8 4.8 4.2 4.2 4. Communications 2.9 4.3 4.2 5.2 5.2 5. Electric power 1.3 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.2 6. Public works 3.7 10.0 6.6 5.9 5.0 7. Other -- -- 0.9 3.9 3.9

Social Services 7.4 11.6 13.1 15.5 16.5 1. Education 4.2 6.4 7.0 8.2 8.2 2. Public health 2.2 1.9 2.7 3.9 3.9 3. Otherg/ 2.3 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.4

Defense 17.5 24.7 27.5 27.8 27.8

Internal Security 12.3 12.3 13.1 13.1 10.8a/

General Administration. etc. 50.0 44.9 39.5 41.6 43.6_±/

Total 103.5 124.4 114.5 123.1 122.9

Sources: Nepalese Finance Minister's Budget Speeches 1961/62, 1964/65. Other data obtained in the 1963 Article XIV Consultations, and Research Division, Ministry of Finance.

1/ As shown in the Supplementary Budget (February 1964). 2/ Including outlays on National Guidance, development, etc. 3/ Including constitutional organization and judicial administration. 4/ Including general administration, revenue and tax administration, economic administration, foreign service and miscellaneous expenditures. TABLE B-5

DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURES OF THE GOVERNMENr OF NEPAL FISCAL YEARS 1961/62, 1962/63, 1963/64 AND 1964/65 (in millions of NRs)

1961/62 1962/63