DOCSLIB.ORG

Public Perception of A8 Migrants: the Discourse of the Media and Its Impacts

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Public Perception of A8 Migrants: the Discourse of the Media and Its Impacts Public perception of A8 migrants: the discourse of the media and its impacts An Outline Review by BEMIS Jan Semotam The Black & Ethnic Minority Infrastructure in Scotland Tel. 0141 548 8047 38 Queen Street Fax. 0141 548 8284 Centrum Offices www.bemis.org.uk Glasgow [email protected] G1 3DX Contents 1. Background to Review 2 1.1 Introduction 2 1.2 Past Research Limitations 3 1.3 Evidence Reviewed 3 2. Key Findings 4 2.1 Media Impact 4 2.2 Ethnic Coverage 5 2.3 Newspaper Analysis 5 2.4 Interviews and Focus Groups 8 3. Future Research Recommendations 10 3.1 Coverage Comparison 10 3.2 Expansion of Interviewed Sample 10 3.3 Media Variety 10 3.4 Two Sides 10 4. Conclusions and Way Forward 11 4.1 Perceptions of Central and East Europe 11 4.2 Press Coverage Balance 11 4.3 Way Forward 11 6. Bibliography 13 7. Appendices 15 7.1 Interview and Focus Groups Participants 15 7.2 Keywords used in the Newsbank and Metro searches 16 7.3 Questions for Focus Groups and Interviews 17 - 1 - 1. Background to Review This document provides an Outline Review of the research1 entitled “Public perception of A8 migrants: the discourse of the media and its impacts” created as part of the arrangement between BEMIS (Empowering Scotland’s Ethnic and Cultural Minority Communities) and the Glasgow Refugee, Asylum and Migration Network’s (GRAMNet). The aim of this review is to highlight the main findings of the dissertation and to translate them into material appropriate for the needs of the third sector. It is part of a wider process of creation of a sector-wide forum addressing issues related to the ways migrants are portrayed in the media and how these impact on public perceptions of them. Full text of the original study can be downloaded from the BEMIS website: http://bemis.org.uk/publications.html 1.1 Introduction On 01 May 2004, eight countries from the former ‘Eastern Bloc’ joined the European Union (EU) in what was the single largest enlargement of the union in its history. These countries – Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Hungary, Slovenia, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania - have been grouped together into the ‘Accession Eight’ or ‘A8’. It has been estimated that at least half a million A8 nationals have come to the UK since 2004 making it one of the most important social phenomena in recent years. On 30 April 2011, all transitional limitations on the A8 countries (but not the A2 – Bulgaria and Romania – that joined in 2007) were lifted throughout those old Member States that had opted for them, marking an important step for A8 nationals wishing to exercise their right to travel, work, study, and live anywhere within the EU area. The enlargement and the consequent migration have received extensive mass media coverage throughout the world. Mass media in the old Member States, and especially in the UK, have been focusing on the numbers of people arriving from the A8 countries and the potential impact this movement might have on the host society. Coverage has been ranging from welcoming the migrants as a needed workforce to fearing the ‘floods’ of cheap labour taking jobs away from the host population and infesting it with criminality. The substantial scale and variety of the media coverage that these issues have received raises an important question: “To what extent do the media influence their audiences and, consequently, how these audiences then perceive and interact with the newly arrived A8 migrant community?” This paper therefore, looked at how much influence do the media (in this case, the press) in Scotland have on their audiences when it comes to the portrayal of the A8 migrant community in the country. By doing so, it aimed to identify the connection between processes of public perception and social inclusion. 1 The original dissertation was written by Jan Semotam who is also the author of this review. - 2 - 1.2 Past Research Limitations Despite the large economic and societal change that this vast movement of people has brought, relatively little academic research has been done with regards to some of the issues linked to the phenomenon. Several studies have been carried out looking at some of the economic and social impacts of the migration on both the Scottish host population and the newly arrived A8 migrants.2 It has also been analysed how the media portray minorities and migrants in their coverage or how the A8 minority individuals find their new lives in the UK and in Scotland in particular. However, it seems that no comprehensive research has been done on linking the changes coming out of the seven-year period since the eight Central and East European (CEE) countries joined the European Union and the perceptions of these changes and of the people who came to the UK by the resident Scottish population. The viewpoint of the local population has so far not been academically addressed. 1.3 Evidence Reviewed Research for this project was carried out in three different stages - library based analysis of academic discourses regarding the media’s impact on social inclusion and integration, library based content analysis of newspapers and a case-study involving focus groups and interviews. A variety of media-related literature was analysed; themes included the role that mass media play in the society, who or what influences their everyday operations and the effects they can have on their audiences. These were then worked into theoretical considerations that could pose relevant questions for the empirical research stages. Content analysis was done using the Newsbank online database of the following newspapers: Scottish tabloid - Daily Record, Scottish edition of a free newspaper - Metro, Scottish broadsheet– The Herald, national broadsheet– the Guardian and Scottish edition of a national tabloid - the Scottish Sun. These newspapers were chosen because they represent the largest circulation numbers by newspaper type in Scotland. Discussion-based focus groups and individual interviews were chosen as the best available source of relevant data for this project as interviews offer the chance to effectively ask questions that are open-ended or too complex for other methods, such as questionnaires. Seven participants were interviewed in two focus groups (2 and 5) and seventeen individually. Long-term residency of at least 10 years in Scotland was the only choosing criterion that had to be met by all participants. Focus groups centred on the participants’ general awareness of the A8 countries and nationals, preferences of newspapers, reasons behind their choices and the ways the newspapers influence their perception of A8 migrants in Scotland. 2 Canton et al. (2008), De Lima et al. (2007), Equal Opportunities Committee (2010), Glasgow City Council (2007), Jack (2007), KnowFife Findings (2007) or Pollard et al. (2008) - 3 - 2. Key Findings 2.1 Media Impact Looking at the role that the media play in the society, it is particularly important to realise that they facilitate communication between the sender of a message and the receiver of that message. Using the media is a two-sided process and it is significant not only how we send a media message but also how we receive that message. Mass media have become omnipresent in our everyday lives; it is nearly impossible to imagine our day without newspapers, television, radio or the Internet and very difficult to overestimate the important roles these play in our contemporary society. It is the mass media that most often act as a bridge between people’s private lives and their relation to the public world; it is through the mass media that we learn about our place in the society. They are both a force for integration and for dispersion and individuation of society. Media messages matter. They are not somehow separate from our ‘real’ lives; picked up for fun and discarded when we turn to the important things. On the contrary, media messages are central to our everyday lives. Media influence our understanding of the world around us because media content can spread basic messages about the nature of reality. For many people, perhaps even the majority, mass media provide the best – and only – easily accessible approximation of ever- changing political, economic and social realities. By providing only partial information about personalities, issues, or events, the media can, to an extent, control what their audiences know about them and how they think about them. The only way to influence what people think is precisely to shape what they think about. The ‘active audience’ theory sees the media as merely a tool or a resource which people can use to help them make sense of current events. Audiences are active because they can interpret and process media messages in their own way; they do not simply receive a media text but instead develop independent interpretations of what that text means. These interpretations can be influence by a number of social factors, including friends, family, colleagues, class, and education; people constantly draw upon collective resources and experiences to create an individual understanding of media messages. No man is an island, and readers, viewers and listeners do not form and maintain the ways they use information completely on their own. There are many external influences that guide us in our perception of the media and that manipulate how we use them and what we use out of them. The same media message can have very different meanings to different people. The media therefore, have to focus on how they distribute their messages so that the audience would interpret them in the most desired way. The only way to influence what people think is precisely to shape what they think about.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Community Center Rojc, Pula, Croatia
    SOLIDARITY MOVERS OF ROJC Community center Rojc, Pula, Croatia CONTENT Community center Rojc Rojc Alliance About the project Activities About Pula Currency How to get to Pula Meet the team Contact Follow us Community center Rojc is a unique space Community for culture and civil society. Situated in a repurposed building that forms part of the cultural heritage of Pula, the center gathers center Rojc over a hundred organisations under one roof while also hosting numerous cultural and social events. The center is polivalent space with wide spectrum of activities: culture, sports, psychosocial care and health services, activities for children and youth, care for the disabled, environmental protection, technical culture, ethnic minorities, etc. Community center Rojc is a member of Trans Europe Halles. Rojc Alliance The Rojc Alliance is a network of Rojc organizations that presents and represents common interests, promotes mutual cooperation and carries out community actions and events. Main activities of Rojc Alliance are: management and events in Rojc public spaces - the Living room and inner courtyard; community radio Radio Rojc; community development programs; participatory governance; networking and fostering development of cultural and community centers; European Solidarity Corps volunteering progams. The Rojc Alliance has formed a kind of civic-public partnership with the City of Pula, which co- governs the center and encourages its development. WHAT WE DO The center is a host to 110 associations from various fields. Thousands of Rojc inhabitants and their visitors pass through its painted hallways each week – bringing vivid influence to the community life. PROJECT NAME Solidarity movers of Rojc PROJECT DURATION 1.8.2019.
    [Show full text]
  • Trends in A8 Migration to the UK During the Recession
    Population Trends nr 145 Autumn 2011 Trends in A8 migration to the UK during the recession David McCollum and Allan Findlay ESRC Centre for Population Change, Geography, School of the Environment University of Dundee Abstract A substantial proportion of contemporary migration flows to the UK are made by nationals from countries which have recently joined the EU. The nature of A8 migration during the recession is examined in this paper, mainly using data from the Worker Registration Scheme. The recession has seen a decline in new A8 migrants entering the UK labour market, but the decline has been sectorally uneven, with demand for migrant labour being most persistent in the agricultural sector, raising questions about why this part of the UK economy is so different. Office for National Statistics 77 Population Trends nr 145 Autumn 2011 Introduction In a relatively short space of time Eastern Europe has become one of the principal source regions of migrants to the UK and citizens from these states now constitute some of the largest foreign born populations in the country. Since their accession to the European Union in May 2004 citizens from Poland, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovakia and Slovenia (the A8 countries) have had the right to participate in the UK labour market. Most EU member states set down constraints on the rights of A8 citizens to participate in their labour markets, but the UK, along with Ireland and Sweden, granted full access. As a result large numbers of migrants from the ‘A8’ countries came to the UK from 2004 onwards.
    [Show full text]
  • Lessons from the EU Eastern Enlargement: Chances and Challenges for Policy Makers
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Vargas-Silva, Carlos Article Lessons from the EU Eastern Enlargement: Chances and Challenges for Policy Makers CESifo DICE Report Provided in Cooperation with: Ifo Institute – Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich Suggested Citation: Vargas-Silva, Carlos (2011) : Lessons from the EU Eastern Enlargement: Chances and Challenges for Policy Makers, CESifo DICE Report, ISSN 1613-6373, ifo Institut - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung an der Universität München, München, Vol. 09, Iss. 4, pp. 9-13 This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/167053 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an
    [Show full text]
  • The Worker Registration Scheme and A8 Immigration Since 2004
    Review of the UK’s transitional measures for nationals of member states that acceded to the European Union in 2004 Migration Advisory Committee Report April 2009 1 Contents Chairman’s foreword Migration Advisory Committee and secretariat Summary Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Our task 1.2 Background 1.3 What we did 1.4 Structure of the report Chapter 2: The Worker Registration Scheme and A8 immigration since 2004 2.1 Introduction 2.2 The Treaty of Accession 2.3 Purpose of the Worker Registration Scheme 2.4 Operation of the Worker Registration Scheme 2.5 What entitlements do registered A8 immigrants have? 2.6 Data captured by registrations under the scheme 2.7 A8 immigration: stocks and flows since accession 2.8 The nature of A8 immigration 2.9 Concluding remarks Chapter 3: Approach 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Scope of the analysis 3.3 Definition of a serious market disturbance 3.4 Potential labour market impacts of removing the Worker Registration Scheme 3.5 Other consequences of removing the Worker Registration Scheme 3.6 Concluding remarks 2 Chapter 4: The condition of the UK labour market and its implications 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Recent macro-economic developments 4.3 Current condition of the UK labour market 4.4 Implications for future flows 4.5 Labour market impacts 4.6 Concluding remarks Chapter 5: Impact of removing the Worker Registration Scheme 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Potential changes to stocks and flows of A8 immigrants in response to removal of the Worker Registration Scheme 5.3 Potential changes in behaviour of A8 immigrants in response to removal of the Worker Registration Scheme 5.4 Likely wider economic impacts 5.5 Concluding remarks Chapter 6: Conclusions Annex A: Occupation and sector trends in the UK labour market 3 Chairman’s foreword In February 2009 the Government asked the Migration Advisory Committee (MAC) to: “consider what the likely labour market impact of relaxing transitional measures [for A8 nationals] would be and whether it would be sensible to do so”.
    [Show full text]
  • New Migration New Challenges Eastern European Migrant Pupils in English Schools 4 New Migration, New Challenges Eastern European Migrant Pupils in English Schools
    3 New migration, new challenges Eastern European migrant pupils in English schools Department of Education & Professional Studies New migration new challenges Eastern European migrant pupils in English schools 4 New migration, new challenges Eastern European migrant pupils in English schools About this report Dr Antonina Tereshchenko was the lead researcher of the project, working with Professor Louise Archer. The 24-month research project was funded by the British Academy through the Newton International Fellowship, hosted by the Department of Education & Professional Studies at King’s College London. The final report is written by Antonina Tereshchenko, with contributions from Louise Archer. We are grateful to Rodolfo Leyva for assistance in the statistical overview of the Eastern European student attainment, drawing upon the data from the National Pupil Database. We would like to thank the staff of all the schools who assisted in the completion of this project. We are particularly grateful to teachers, students and parents who gave their time for the interviews. New migration, new challenges Eastern European migrant pupils in English schools 1 Contents Executive Summary 3 1. Background 9 1.1 Hot topic – East European migration 9 1.2 School attainment statistics at age 16 10 2. Methodology 19 2.1 Focus of empirical research 19 2.2 Research design 19 3. Findings 21 3.1 Students’ aspirations: education & career choice 21 3.2 Parental perceptions & responses to schooling in England 24 3.3 The impact of EAL status on the education of students 27 3.4 Young people’s experiences of racism 31 4. Conclusions 35 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Health Insurance Zagreb
    Health Insurance for LES Embassy of the United States of America Zagreb, Croatia Combined Synopsis and Solicitation 19GE5021R0013 Questions and Answers Q1: Please provide five years of loss data(table 1) by year of account including annual net premium (for the same period), incurred claims and membership history. For membership history (Table 2) please provide the number of Employees with single coverage and with family coverage at the end of each year. Please do not include any confidential information, just the overall statistics for the group. Claims information is critical to our pricing and the relationship of claims to employee growth or shrinkage is part of the claims analysis. Table 1 Contractual year Total claims Retention Total Net gain Net gain paid (local amount premium (local USD or EUR currency) (local paid to currency) currency) Insurer (local currency) dd/mm/2016 – dd/mm/2017 dd/mm/2017 – dd/mm/2018 dd/mm/2018 – dd/mm/2019 dd/mm/2019 – dd/mm/2020 dd/mm/2020 – dd/mm/2021 Table 2 Contractual year Single Self plus ONE Family plans dd/mm/2016 – dd/mm/2017 dd/mm/2017 – dd/mm/2018 dd/mm/2018 – dd/mm/2019 dd/mm/2019 – dd/mm/2020 dd/mm/2020 – dd/mm/2021 A1: This is a first-time post is contracting this service, historical data is not available. Q2 : We would like to know if you have been informed of Catastrophic cases, such as: Hemodynamics, Open Heart Surgery, Orthopedic Mayor Surgeries, Organ Transplant, Traumatic Accident, Cancer and Oncology Cases (Radio and Chemotherapy), and hospitalizations with more than 10 days A2: The U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • English No. ICC-01/04-01/06 A7 A8 Date: 18 July 2019 the APPEALS CHAMBER Before
    ICC-01/04-01/06-3466-Red 18-07-2019 1/137 NM A7 A8 Statute Original: English No. ICC-01/04-01/06 A7 A8 Date: 18 July 2019 THE APPEALS CHAMBER Before: Judge Piotr Hofmański, Presiding Judge Chile Eboe-Osuji Judge Howard Morrison Judge Luz del Carmen Ibáñez Carranza Judge Solomy Balungi Bossa SITUATION IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO IN THE CASE OF THE PROSECUTOR v. THOMAS LUBANGA DYILO Public redacted Judgment on the appeals against Trial Chamber II’s ‘Decision Setting the Size of the Reparations Award for which Thomas Lubanga Dyilo is Liable’ No: ICC-01/04-01/06 A7 A8 1/137 ICC-01/04-01/06-3466-Red 18-07-2019 2/137 NM A7 A8 Judgment to be notified in accordance with regulation 31 of the Regulations of the Court to: Legal Representatives of V01 Victims Counsel for the Defence Mr Luc Walleyn Ms Catherine Mabille Mr Franck Mulenda Mr Jean-Marie Biju-Duval Legal Representatives of V02 Victims Trust Fund for Victims Ms Carine Bapita Buyangandu Mr Pieter de Baan Mr Joseph Keta Orwinyo Office of Public Counsel for Victims Ms Paolina Massidda REGISTRY Registrar Mr Peter Lewis No: ICC-01/04-01/06 A7 A8 2/137 ICC-01/04-01/06-3466-Red 18-07-2019 3/137 NM A7 A8 J u d g m e n t ................................................................................................................... 4 I. Key findings ........................................................................................................... 5 II. Introduction to the appeals ..................................................................................... 6 III. Preliminary issues ............................................................................................... 8 A. OPCV’s standing to participate in these appeals ............................................ 8 B. Admissibility of the OPCV’s Consolidated Response to the Appeal Briefs in respect of Mr Lubanga’s Appeal Brief ...................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Story of UK Migration
    The Story of UK Migration ________ A Compilation of the Literature on Immigration and Emigration in the UK and the Implications for Hampshire Published May 2010 By Spatial Strategy and Research Table of Contents Glossary ................................................................................................................... 4 Introduction............................................................................................................. 5 Defining Migrants and Migration........................................................................... 6 Types of Migrant and Push and Pull Factors............................................................. 6 Data Issues................................................................................................................ 7 Relevant Policies Relating to International Migration into the UK ...................... 8 Post-Second World War Migration Policies .............................................................. 8 Asylum Seeker and Refugee Policies.......................................................................... 8 Current Migration Policies........................................................................................ 9 Accession 8 Migration to the UK .......................................................................... 10 Reasons for A8 migration to the UK........................................................................ 11 Length of Stay in the UK.........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Croatia National Report 2007
    CROATIA NATIONAL REPORT 2007 I Network The total length of motorway network, as completed by the end of 2007 in Croatia, amounts to 1163.5 km. In 2007, 75,9 km of new motorways and 3,8 km of semi motorways were built (as compared to 43 km that were built in 2006), and 15,7 km of existing roads were upgraded to the full motorway profile: On the Motorway A1: Zagreb - Split - Ploče; Dugopolje-Bisko-Šestanovac Sections (37 km) - opened to traffic in full profile in 06/2007 On the Motorway A2: Zagreb - Macelj Krapina-Macelj Section (17.2 km) –13,4 km was completed as full motorway and 3,8 km as semi motorway On the Motorway A5: Beli Manastir-Osijek-border with Bosnia and Herzegovina Sredanci-Đakovo Section (23 km) – opened to traffic as full motorway in 11/2007 On the Motorway A6: Zagreb - Rijeka - on the Vrbovsko-Bosiljevo Section (8,44 km) – upgrade to the full motorway profile of the viaduct Zeceve Drage, tunnel Veliki Gložac, viaduct Osojnik and viaduct Severinske Drage together with corresponding motorway segments in 06/2007 - on the Oštrovica-Kikovica Section (7,25 km) - upgrade to the full motorway profile in 11/2007 On the Motorway A11: Zagreb – Sisak On the Jakuševec-Velika Gorica South Section – completion of the interchange Velika Gorica South and 2,5 km of a motorway segment in 5/2007 and in 09/2007 In Croatia, motorways are operated by 4 companies, i.e. by Hrvatske autoceste d.o.o. (operates all toll motorways except for those in concession) and by three concession companies BINA-ISTRA d.d.
    [Show full text]
  • ANNEX A8 How Much Effort Did Students Invest in the PISA Test?
    ANNEX A8 How much effort did students invest in the PISA test? Performance on school tests is the result of the interplay amongst what students know and can do, how quickly they process information, and how motivated they are for the test. To ensure that students who sit the PISA test engage with the assessment conscientiously and sustain their efforts throughout the test, schools and students that are selected to participate in PISA are often reminded of the importance of the study for their country. For example, at the beginning of the test session, the test administrator reads a script that includes the following sentence: “This is an important study because it will tell us about what you have been learning and what school is like for you. Because your answers will help influence future educational policies in <country and/or education system>, we ask you to do the very best you can.” However, viewed in terms of the individual student who takes the test, PISA can be described as a low-stakes assessment: students can refuse to participate in the test without suffering negative consequences, and do not receive any feedback on their individual performance. If students perceive an absence of personal consequences associated with test performance, there is a risk that they might not invest adequate effort (Wise and DeMars, 2010[1]). Several studies in the United States have found that student performance on assessments, such as the United States national assessment of educational progress (NAEP), depends on the conditions of administration. In particular, students performed less well in regular low-stakes conditions compared to experimental conditions in which students received financial rewards tied to their performance or were told that their results would count towards their grades (Wise and DeMars, 2005[2]).
    [Show full text]
  • Table A8 MOBILE PHONE LAWS by COUNTRY/AREA
    TABLE A8 MOBILE PHONE LAWS BY COUNTRY/AREA Law applies to Data on the use of Legislation on mobile Hand-held and mobile phones while Country/area phone use while driving Hand-held phones hands-free phones driving available Afghanistan No — — No Albania Yes Yes No No Andorra Yes Yes No No Angola Yes Yes No Yes Argentina Yes Yes Yes Yes Armenia Yes Yes No Yes Australia Subnational Yes No Yes Austria Yes Yes No Yes Azerbaijan Yes Yes No No Bahamas No — — No Bahrain Yes Yes No Yes Bangladesh Yes Yes Yes No Barbados No — — No Belarus Yes Yes No No Belgium Yes Yes No No Belize No — — No Benin Yes Yes Yes No Bhutan Yes Yes Yes No Bolivia (Plurinational State of) No — — No Bosnia and Herzegovina Yes Yes No Yes Botswana Yes Yes No Yes Brazil Yes Yes No No Brunei Darussalam Yes Yes No Yes Bulgaria Yes Yes No No Burkina Faso Yes Yes No No Burundi No — — No Cambodia Yes Yes No Yes Cameroon Yes Yes Yes No Canada Subnational Yes No Yes Cape Verde Yes Yes No Yes Central African Republic No — — No Chad No — — No Chile Yes Yes No Yes China Yes Yes No — Colombia Yes Yes No No Comoros No — — No Congo Yes — — No Cook Islands No — — No Costa Rica Yes Yes No Yes Côte d'Ivoire No — — No Croatia Yes Yes No Yes Cuba Yes Yes No — Cyprus Yes Yes No No Czech Republic Yes Yes No Yes Democratic People's Yes Yes Yes No Republic of Korea Democratic Republic of the No — — Yes Congo Denmark Yes Yes No No Dominica No — — No Dominican Republic Yes Yes No No Ecuador Yes Yes No No 284 Law applies to Data on the use of Legislation on mobile Hand-held and mobile phones while
    [Show full text]
  • The Political Implications of Intra- EU Migration
    Trinity College Trinity College Digital Repository Senior Theses and Projects Student Scholarship Spring 2016 United in Diversity? The Political Implications of Intra- EU Migration Isabel Monteleone Trinity College, Hartford Connecticut, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.trincoll.edu/theses Part of the Eastern European Studies Commons, Economic History Commons, Economic Policy Commons, European History Commons, European Law Commons, Growth and Development Commons, Human Geography Commons, Human Rights Law Commons, International and Comparative Labor Relations Commons, International Relations Commons, Labor Economics Commons, Nature and Society Relations Commons, Policy History, Theory, and Methods Commons, Political Economy Commons, Public Policy Commons, Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons, Social Policy Commons, and the Urban Studies Commons Recommended Citation Monteleone, Isabel, "United in Diversity? The Political Implications of Intra- EU Migration". Senior Theses, Trinity College, Hartford, CT 2016. Trinity College Digital Repository, https://digitalrepository.trincoll.edu/theses/565 TRINITY COLLEGE Senior Thesis United in Diversity? The Political Implications of Intra- EU Migration Submitted by: Isabel Monteleone Presented to the Department of Public Policy and Law !in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree with honors! of Bachelor of Arts Spring 2016 Director: Anthony M. Messina Second Reader: Garth A. Myers Table of Contents: List of Figures………………………………………………..……iii
    [Show full text]