MANCHESTER AND'SALFORD DIRECTORY, Pafclifhecl the Wter End of the Year 179.), For the Yec.r 179*. I'rice 2S. Cd. jgf . J bio SCHOLES's MANCHESTER AND SALFORD DIRECTORY: OR, AN ALPHABETICAL LIST OF THE MERCHANTS, MANUFACTURERS, AND ^ PRINCIPAL INHABITANTS; With the new Numbers as afixed to their Houfes. TO WHICH IS ADDED, Afhort Sketch of the Hiftory of I An Account of the Pofts goinj Manchester. J out, &c. An alphabetical Lift of Country | Account of Stage Coaches going Manufacturers, Whitfters, &c. » out from the different Inns. An alphabetical Lift of the Streets, I Situation of the Affurance Offices, Squares, Lanes and Paifages. » with the Names of the Agents. A Lift of Carriers, by Land and i Situation of the Fire Plugs and Water; with the Days of their t Engine Houfes, with the -•ames arrival and return. " of the Conductors k Fire-men. WITH OTHER MATTERS OF USEFUL INF0RMATI6N. e Manchester: FUNTBD BY SOWLER AND RUSSELL, MDCCXCIV. ,, CONTENTS. A Page. -fjf Short Sketch of the Hiftory of Manchefter v. Magiftrates ailing for the Hundred of Salford xiii. A Lift of the Boroughreeves, Conftahles, &V. of the Towns of Manchefter end Salford xiv. Officers of the Infirmary, Lunatic Hofpital and Afylum . , xv. A Lift of the Mafonic Lodges in Manchefter, with the Timet of meeting xvi. Alphabetical Lift of the Merchants, Manufaelurers and Prin­ cipal Inhabitants of Manchefter and Salford I Alphabetical Lift of the Country Manufatlurers, Whitfters, £aV. I£J Alphabetical Lift of the Streets, Squares, Lanes and Pajfages, with a Reference to tlieir Situations 173 Names of the Fourteen Diftrifls of Manchefter, with the Over- feers of the Poor for each Diftricl 181 His Grace the Duke of Bridgewater's Navigation 184 Old Navigation .' 186 Pofts going out, with the Rates of Foreign Poftage ..... i8jr Royal Mail Coaches, with the Times of going out, the meafure- ment of the Stages, the Fares to the different Stages, end the Price of Carriage of large and fmall Parcels . .188 Coaches, with the Times of going out from the different Inns l8g An Alphabetical Lift of Carriers to all Parts of Great Britain, with the Times of coming in and going out 19 X The Affurance Offices, with the Names: of the. Agents; Situation of the Fire Plugs and Engine Houfes; with the Names of the Condudvrs and Fire-men 198 Appendix , 20O >OOS(>0()OOOOO<>OOOQO«0<)OOO<>CK>OOCX>OOO<)0<)0<IO< CtiteixD at fetattowrg %)a\\, accojtong to M of ^parliament, >0<>Oo©<)©oOo<0>»©o©<>0«OoO<'©OOoOo©t)GX>C">Cx>C>')Ot C v. ] S K E T C II HISTORY OF MANCHESTER, (Firft published in the Encyclopaedia Britannica.) ANCHESTER, a town of Lancafhire in England, fituated in \V. Long. 2. 42. N. Lat. 53. 27. Mr. WhitakeM r conjectures, that the ftation was firft occupied by the Britons about 500 years B. C. but that it did not receive any thing like the form of a town till 450 years after, or 50 years B. C. when the Britons of Chefhire made an irruption into the territories of their ibuthern neighbours, and of con­ fluence alarmed the Seftuntii, or inhabitants of Lancafhire, fo much that they began to build fortrefles, in order to defend their country. Its Britifh name was Mancenion, that is, " a place of tents:" it was changed, however, into Mancunium by the Romans, who conquered it under Agricola in the memor­ able yeur of the Chriftian aera 79. It appears alfo to have been called Mandurfuedum, Mandueffidum, Manucium, and Mamceftre; frorh wich laft it feems molt evident that the prefent name has been derived. It is diftant from London 182 miles, and from Edinburgh 214; (landing near the conflux of the Irk and the Invell, about three miles from the Merfey. Manchefter was accounted a large and populous town even 50 years ago; but fince that time it is fuppoled to have increafed in more than a triple proportion, both in refpect to buildings and inhabitants,J-The houfes amount to a number not tar b [ vi. ] ihort of 12,000; and perhaps it may not be an over-rate to reckon {even perfons to each, when it is coniidered, that, of the ho\iies occupied by working people of various descriptions, many have two, three, and fometimes more families in each. For though many hundred houfes have been built in the courfe of a few late years, yet are they eonftautly engaged as foon as pofiible; the avidity for building incrcaiing with tverv new acceilion of inhabitants, and rents riling to a degree fcarcely known in other places. The progrefs of this ci'xop.a>>i» may be partly eftimated by the price of building, land, and materials: a guinea per fquare yard, chief rent, having been refilled lor fome central plots. A very wife law has been inferted in the new police aft, for the prevention of fires; and that is, that bctu-een every two houfes a party wall {hall be built. The expence may be thereby a little increafed, but that lliould never be put in competition with more valuable property and (till more valuable lives. Such, however, has been the happy concurrence of in­ genuity and induftry, and fuch the altonifhing improvements daily making in its numerous manufactures, together with the encouragement thefe afford to fkilful :rtifts in various branches, that ftreets mult extend in proportion: yet population appears to-have increafed more rapidly than buildings, hence com­ petition naturally arife, and hence a temporary advance of rents. The manufactures of this town and neighbourhood, from humble domeftic beginnings about two centuries ago, have now, after progreflive improvements, acquired fuch celebrity, both in the fcale of ornament and utility, as to fpread in ten thoufand forms and colours, not only in thefe kingdoms, but over all Europe, and even Into the diftant continents; being at once molt precious mines of well-earned private wealth, and fourees of important contribution to. the neceffary public treafurc of the (tate. Its poft-ofhee alone may afford an evidence of its ex- tenfive commerce. The population of the town may be further calculated from the great number of cotton factories within the boundaries of the town, wherein it is thought that 20,000 men, women, and children, are employed in the meer branches of preparing warp and weft. If to thefe be added the many hands applied to weaving, &c. &c. etc. befide all the more general mechanics, as well as houfeholdcrs, domeftic fervants, &c. Manchefter may be ranked as the nioft populous market-town in Great Britain. The marriages in Manchefter and Salford, from January 1791 to January 1792, were 1302, the chriften- ings 2960, and. the burials 2286. Hcn^e, fli^ikj,it t)p c^m- [ vii. ] puted that one in every .30 perfons died, the number of in­ habitants would amount to 68,580, which is thought to be much under the fum of an actual enumeration. The ftreets are about 600, many of them fpacious and airy, great part of the old buildings being removed, and the new ftreets allowed a convenient breadth. The town is now well lighted every night by 2000 lamps, and guarded by nearly 200 watchmen. The college here was founded in 1422 by Thomas Weft Lord Delaware, and confilted of a warden, eight fellows, four clerks, and fix chorifters. About the fame time the prefent collegiate church was built (timber only having been ufed for the former church); and John Huntington bachelor of laws was the firft warden, named by the founder himfelf: He enjoyed the wan- denfhip nearly 40 years; and a monument juftly remains to his memory, he having been the firft to propofe and nfiift in the erection of the church. He died Nov. 11. 1458, and was interred in the middle of the choir. The laft warden on the original eftablilhment was Richard Murray, D. D. the 14th in fueceffion. The college was new-founded in 1636; and Richard Heyrick, B, D, named the firft warden on that foundation, The prefent warden, Richard Aflieton, D. D. rector of Mid- dleton, is the fifth in fueceffion from Richard Heyrick. The collegiate body now eonfifts of a warden, fopr fellows, two chaplains, two clerks, (one of whom, by a very late regulation, is to be at leaft bachelor of arts and in prieft's orders), four chorifters, and four linging men. This church is a fine ftruc- ture of what is termed the Gothic ftyle, and is more enriched with fculpture than fuch churches ufually are. The tabernacle work over the ftalls in the choir is very curious, as are the large arches added upon vaulting the choir. The organ, which coil not left £IOQO, is large and powerful, Befide the collegiate church, there are alfo the following, St Anne's, a handfome church, begun in 1709 and finilhed in 1723 : it Js*lri the gift of the Bifhop of Chefter. St. Mary's, built by the clergy of the collegiate church, and confecrated upwards of 30 years ago, is a neat and indeed an elegant edifice; as is St. John's, which was built about 22 years fince by the late Edward Byrom, Efq, The next prefentation thereof is, by aft of parliament, vefted in his heirs, afterwards devolv­ ing to the warden and fellows of the collegiate church. St. faul's church was erefted upwards of 15 years ago; and is a [ viii. ] handfome fpacious building, chiefly brick; to which has been, added, within the two laft years, a lofty and fubftantial ftor.e tower.