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Dear Old Dirty Stalybridge’, C.1830-1875

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Dear Old Dirty Stalybridge’, C.1830-1875 Leisure and Masculinity in ‘Dear Old Dirty Stalybridge’, c.1830-1875. A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Humanities 2014 Nathan Booth School of Arts, Languages and Cultures 2 Table of Contents List of Illustrations .................................................................................................................................................. 3 Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................................................ 5 Abstract ....................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Declaration ................................................................................................................................................................. 7 Copyright Statement ............................................................................................................................................................. 8 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................................... 9 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................. 10 The Provinces in Urban History ....................................................................................................................... 12 Masculinity and Gendered Spaces .................................................................................................................... 20 Uses of Leisure ...................................................................................................................................................... 25 The Structure of the Thesis ............................................................................................................................... 28 Chapter One: The Domesticity of Drinking ........................................................................................... 31 1.1: Defining the Pub ............................................................................................................................................ 37 1.2: Rethinking the Pub ........................................................................................................................................ 39 1.3: Pub Culture(s) and the Construction of Masculinity ........................................................................... 45 1.4: The Materiality of the Pub .......................................................................................................................... 62 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................................................. 81 Chapter Two: ‘We Musical People’ of Stalybridge ............................................................................. 83 2.1: Music and Identity ......................................................................................................................................... 88 2.2: Sites of Production, Practice and Performance..................................................................................... 96 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................................ 117 Chapter Three: Walking, Masculinity and Place-Identity .............................................................. 120 3.1: The In-between-ness of the New Industrial Town ............................................................................ 126 3.2: Walking and the Management of Emotions ......................................................................................... 142 3.2.1: Romance and Courtship ................................................................................................................... 145 3.2.2: Fatherhood and Grief ........................................................................................................................ 149 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................................ 156 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................................................. 161 Bibliography ........................................................................................................................................................... 167 Word Count: 71,495 3 List of Illustrations Figure 0.1: Population of Stalybridge, 1750-1921, p.16. Source: E. Butterworth, A Statistical Sketch of the County Palatine of Lancaster (London, 1841), p.5 ; Hill, Bygone Stalybridge ; Census data collated at http://www.histpop.org/ohpr/servlet/ [Accessed 25 August 2014]. Figure 0.2: Map of Stalybridge, 1786, p.17. Source: TLSAC Map Collection. Figure 0.3: Map of Stalybridge, 1818, p.17. Source: TLSAC Map Collection. Figure 0.4: Map of Stalybridge, 1830, p.18. Source: TLSAC Map Collection. Figure 0.5: Map of Stalybridge, 1849, p.18. Source: OS 1:10560 County Series Map, Lancashire CV (1849). Figure 0.6: Map of Stalybridge, 1897, p.19. Source: OS 1:2500 Cheshire County Map: Second Edition (1898). Figure 1.1: James Knight, c.1870, p.48. Source: TIA t23007. Figure 1.2: Advert for Cocker Hill Academy School, 1867, p.49. Source: TIA t12758. Figure 1.3: Balloon-backed chair, c.1850, p.65. Source: VA W.3B/1,2-1929. Figure 1.4: Gentleman’s Easy Chair, 1851, p.66. Source: VA CIRC.35:1-1958. Figure 1.5: Windsor armchair c.1830-1850, p.66. Source: VA W.7-1918. Figure 1.6: Jug belonging to Edwin Ousey, The King’s Arms, Stalybridge, c.1830s, p.72. Source: TIA t06992/ t06994. Figure 1.7: Celery vase glass, 1887, p.73. Source: VA C.263-1987. Figure1.8: The Reindeer Inn, 109 Huddersfield Road, Stalybridge, p.75. Source: TIA, t06650. Figure 1.9: Elevation, Proposed Alterations and Additions to Beerhouse, Brierley Street, Stalybridge’, 29 August 1874, p.75. Source: TLSAC 63. Figure 1.10: ‘Proposed Erection of Addition to the Lodge Hotel’, 6 September 1887, p.76. Source: TLSAC 193. 4 Figure 1.11: ‘Proposed Alterations and Additions to Beerhouse, Brierley Street, Stalybridge’; 29 August 1874, p.77. Source: TLSAC 63. Figure 1.12: ‘Proposed Rebuilding of the ‘Black Horse’ Inn, Dukinfield’, 3 August 1885, p.80. Source: TLSAC 160. Figure 2.1: Drawing of a musical band of operatives from Stalybridge in London, c.1861-65, p.83. Source: TIA t01798. Figure 2.2: Stalybridge town hall, c.1920, p.97. Source: TIA t10994. Figure 2.3: View from Cocker Hill of Stalybridge Town Hall on the corner of Stamford Street, c.1893, p.98. Source: TIA t02133. Figure 2.4: Stalybridge Town Hall interior, displaying Stalybridge crest above the doorway, p.99. Source: TIA t10342. Figure 2.5: Stalybridge Town Hall interior, doorway and moulding, p.99. Source: TIA t10341. Figure 2.6: Mechanics’ Institution, Stalybridge, p.103. Source: TIA t12870. Figure 2.7: Band meetings at the 1864 Jubilee Celebrations, p.109. Source: ‘Stalybridge Old Band’, p.21. Figure 3.1: Stalybridge, from Hough Hill, c.1915, p.130. Source: TIA t00157. Figure 3.2: The Brushes, c.1893, p.132. Source: TIA t00195. Figure 3.3: Reservoir at the Brushes, c.1903, p.132. Source: TIA t05552. 5 Abbreviations CRO Cheshire Record Office LRO Lancashire Record Office OLSA Oldham Local Studies and Archives OS Ordnance Survey TIA Tameside Image Archive TLSAC Tameside Local Studies and Archives Centre VA Victoria and Albert Museum 6 Abstract The mid-nineteenth century has been presented in popular and academic narratives as a crucial period in the history of modern leisure in Britain, as urbanisation and changes to working hours provided new opportunities for recreation. These leisure practices shaped individual and collective identities. However, much of the scholarship in this area has focused on class, at times marginalising or overlooking themes such as gender, generation and sexuality. This thesis does not attempt to dismiss class as a useful tool for historical analysis, nor does it suggest that leisure did not feature at all in the formation and performance of class. Instead, it demonstrates that leisure played a powerful role in shaping masculinity. Men used specific leisure practices to construct, conceal and express different aspects of their male identity. The character, materiality and spatial dynamics of recreational sites helped men to move fluidly between different roles, in doing so asserting their own version of masculinity. Examining sites of leisure helps reveal these processes, as well as extending our knowledge and understanding of everyday life in the mid-nineteenth century. By doing this, the thesis argues that historical engagement with gender formation has to take place at the intersections of themes and methodologies, be it liminality and domesticity, emotion and space, or sound and space. This thesis presents a micro-history case study of leisure in Stalybridge, a textile town in the north west of England. Leisure practices in mid-nineteenth-century Stalybridge reflected the newness of both the town and the idea of leisure itself; as the town’s inhabitants sought to make
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