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VRM 8.5 DC–DC Converter Design Guidelines

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VRM 8.5 DC–DC Converter Design Guidelines ® VRM 8.5 DC–DC Converter Design Guidelines July, 2001 Order Number 249659-001 VRM 8.5 DC-DC Converter Design Guidelines intel Information in this document is provided in connection with Intel® products. No license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted by this document. Except as provided in Intel’s Terms and Conditions of Sale for such products, Intel assumes no liability whatsoever, and Intel disclaims any express or implied warranty, relating to sale and/or use of Intel® products including liability or warranties relating to fitness for a particular purpose, merchantability, or infringement of any patent, copyright or other intellectual property right. Intel products are not intended for use in medical, life saving, or life sustaining applications. Intel may make changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time, without notice. Designers must not rely on the absence or characteristics of any features or instructions marked “reserved” or “undefined.” Intel reserves these for future definition and shall have no responsibility whatsoever for conflicts or incompatibilities arising from future changes to them. This document contains information on products in the design phase of development. Do not finalize a design with this information. Revised information will be published when the product is available. Verify with your local sales office that you have the latest datasheet before finalizing a design. Intel processors may contain design defects or errors known as errata, which may cause the product to deviate from published specifications. Current characterized errata are available on request. Copyright © Intel Corporation 2000, 2001. *Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. 2 intel VRM 8.5 DC-DC Converter Design Guidelines Table Of Contents 1 SCOPE 5 2 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS 6 2.1 Output Requirements 6 2.2 Input Voltage and Current 13 2.3 Control Signals 14 2.4 Module Test Conditions 19 2.5 Efficiency 19 2.6 Fault Protection 20 2.7 Current Sharing 20 3 MODULE REQUIREMENTS 21 3.1 VRM Connector 21 3.2 Mechanical Dimensions 23 3.3 Connector key 23 3.4 Heat Sink Connection 23 4 TESTS AND STANDARDS 24 4.1 Reliability 24 4.2 Environmental 24 4.3 Shock and Vibration 24 4.4 Electromagnetic Compatibility 25 4.5 Safety 25 5 ICC SLEW RATE SPECIFICATIONS 26 5.1 CPUID 068xh Specifications 26 5.2 CPUID 06Bxh Specifications 27 5.3 VRM Specifications 28 3 VRM 8.5 DC-DC Converter Design Guidelines intel Applications and terminology This document defines a range of DC-to-DC converters to meet the power requirements of computer systems using Intel microprocessors. It does not attempt to define a specific on-board voltage regulator (VRD) or voltage regulator module (VRM) implementation. VRM requirements will vary according to the needs of different computer systems, including the range of processors a specific VRM is expected to support in a system. The “VRM” designation may refer a voltage regulator on a system board, as well as to the module defined in Section 3. The VRM 8.5 definition is specifically intended to meet the needs of Pentium® III processor-based systems (CPUID 068xh and CPUID 06Bxh). It may also support later variations of these processors. Each guideline is placed into one of three categories. The category immediately follows the section heading and is one of the following: REQUIRED: An essential part of the design—necessary to meet processor voltage and current specifications. EXPECTED: Part of Intel’s processor power definitions; necessary for consistency with the designs of many systems and power devices. PROPOSED: Normally met by of this type of DC-to-DC converter and, therefore, included as a design target. May be specified or expanded by system manufacturers. 4 intel VRM 8.5 DC-DC Converter Design Guidelines 1 Scope A VRM 8.5 DC-DC converter supplies the required voltage and current to a single processor as shown in the following tables. The reference voltage is determined by the five-bit VID code provided to the VRM, as described in Section 2.3.3. The term, "reference voltage,” indicates that the VID provides a reference point for the static and transient voltage tolerance values provided in the tables and Section 2.1.2. Due to voltage regulator tolerances and current draw variations, the average voltage seen at the processor may be slightly higher or lower than the reference value. However, VRM designers must meet the entire range of processor load & processor static and transient tolerance limits. It should be noted that these guidelines refer to two different processor configurations and that the output requirements of the VRM may differ for both. The processor configurations are: - A single or Uni-Processor (UP) based configuration supporting Pentium® III processor (CPUID 068xh) at < 1GHz or Intel® Pentium® III Processor with 256KB L2 Cache (CPUID 06Bxh) - A two or Dual Processor (DP) capable configuration based upon Intel® Pentium® III Processor with 512KB L2 Cache or Pentium® III processor (CPUID 068xh) Further, the design guidelines in this document accommodate DC-DC converters, which can be either a complete voltage regulator circuit on the motherboard (VRD) or a plug-in module (VRM) with a defined form factor and pin-out. The VRM requires a certain amount of external capacitance to maintain the proper voltage at the processor pins. For either implementation, VccCORE must meet the specifications of the processor at the processor socket pins. It should be noted that due to the requirements of the Transient & Static Tolerance vs. Icc Load characteristics detailed in Figure 2, a single (large) VRD design approach that provides voltage and current to two processors which share a common power plane (i.e. a dual processor capable system board) based upon the Intel® Pentium® III Processor with 512KB L2 Cache are not recommended. For dual processor applications, it is recommended that the individual processor power planes be separated and, as a consequence, one VRM or VRD for each processor be used. Table 1 – Processor support by VRM type VRM Type Processors Supported VRM 8.5–5 < 1GHz Pentium® III processor (CPUID 068xh) Intel® Pentium® III Processor on 0.13 micron process (CPUID 06Bxh) Supported on a UP configured system board (5mΩ) VRM 8.5–3 Intel® Pentium® III Processor with 512KB L2 Cache Supported on a DP configured system board (3.214mΩ) 5 VRM 8.5 DC-DC Converter Design Guidelines intel 2 Electrical Specifications The following conditions apply to the specifications: · Specifications apply to all frequencies unless specific frequencies are listed. · IccCORE is measured at the Typical Reference VccCORE value under maximum signal loading conditions such as running a power virus program. · The Typical Reference voltage, voltage tolerance, and maximum current values in Table 2, Table 3 and Table 5 are for reference only. Please refer to the appropriate component datasheet for the most current specifications. 2.1 Output Requirements 2.1.1 Voltage and Current REQUIRED 2.1.1.1 Pentium® III processor (CPUID 068xh) The following details the VRM output voltage and current requirements to support a single Pentium® III processor (CPUID 068xh) operating in either a single or dual processor platform. Table 2 – Pentium® III processor (CPUID 068xh) Voltage and Current Specifications see note 1 Typical Core Reference see note 3 Symbol Parameter Frequency Min Max Unit VccCORE VID All frequencies 1.75 V VccCORE Static Tolerance All frequencies -0.080 0.040 V see note 2 < 933 MHz VccCORE Transient see note 2 -0.130 0.080 V Tolerance ≥ 933 MHz -0.110 0.080 see note 2 IccCORE Current for VccCORE 1.1 GHz 22.6 A 1GHz 20.2 933MHz 18.8 IccSGNTCORE Icc for Stop-Grant 6.9 A VccCORE IccDSLPCORE Icc for 6.6 A Deep-SleepVccCORE DIccCORE/dt Icc slew rate Refer to A/µs Section 5.1 1. Specifications apply to the processor socket pin on the solder-side of the motherboard 2. Intel Corp. completed quality and reliability testing of Pentium® III processors CPUID 068xh and found no issues with the C-0 stepping (CPUID 0686h) and D-0 stepping (CPUID 068Ah) processors at 1.0 GHz and below operating in platforms designed for Intel® Pentium® III Processor with 512KB L2 Cache processor specifications (i.e. for boards designed to the 3.2mΩ loadline). Processors with CPUID 0686h and 068Ah at 1GHz and below had allowable tolerance on the Vcc Static Max voltage specification, and as a result, these processors will be able to perform with the additional increase (25mV) in Vcc Static Max voltage. 3. Please refer to the appropriate component documentation (e.g. datasheet) for the most current specifications. 6 intel VRM 8.5 DC-DC Converter Design Guidelines 2.1.1.2 Intel® Pentium® III Processor on 0.13 micron process (CPUID 06Bxh) The following details the VRM output voltage and current requirements to support a single Intel® Pentium® III on 0.13 micron process (CPUID 06Bxh) operating in a single processor platform. Table 3 – Intel® Pentium® III Processor on 0.13 micron process (CPUID 06Bxh) Voltage and Current Specifications see note 1 Core Typical Symbol Parameter Frequency Min Reference Max Unit VccCORE VID 1.13 GHz 1.475 V 1.20 GHz 1.475 VccCORE Static Tolerance All Frequencies Refer to Figure 1 or Table 4 V VccCORE Transient Tolerance All Frequencies Refer to Figure 1 or Table 4 V IccCORE Current for VccCORE 1.13 GHz 20.1 A 1.20 GHz 20.6 IccSGNTCORE Icc for Stop-Grant VccCORE 14.0 A IccDSLPCORE Icc for Deep-Sleep 9.5 A VccCORE dIccCORE/dt Icc slew rate Refer to A/µs Section 5.2 1.
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