Giorgio Vasari Por Ele Mesmo: a Construção Da Imagem De Si Na Obra De Um Artista E Historiador Entre a Virtude E a Inveja No Renascimento (1511 – 1574)

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Giorgio Vasari Por Ele Mesmo: a Construção Da Imagem De Si Na Obra De Um Artista E Historiador Entre a Virtude E a Inveja No Renascimento (1511 – 1574) UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL INSTITUTO DE FILOSOFIA E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM HISTÓRIA Giorgio Vasari por ele mesmo: a construção da imagem de si na obra de um artista e historiador entre a Virtude e a Inveja no Renascimento (1511 – 1574) Pedro Henrique de Moraes Alvez Dissertação de Mestrado Porto Alegre, Agosto de 2015 PEDRO HENRIQUE DE MORAES ALVEZ Giorgio Vasari por ele mesmo: a construção da imagem de si na obra de um artista e historiador entre a Virtude e a Inveja no Renascimento (1511 – 1574) Dissertação de mestrado apresentada ao programa de Pós-Graduação em História da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, para a obtenção do título de Mestre em História. Orientador: prof. Dr. Fernando Felizardo Nicolazzi BANCA EXAMINADORA: Prof.ªDr.ª Joana Bosak de Figueiredo (UFRGS) Prof.ªDr.ª Daniela Pinheiro Machado Kern (UFRGS) Prof.ªDr.ª Mara Cristina de Matos Rodrigues (UFRGS) PORTO ALEGRE. Agosto, 2015 “Sim, aí está o nó do problema,” pensava, “nesta contrafação. Cada um quer impor aos outros o mundo que tem dentro de si, como se fosse algo externo, de modo que todos o devam ver daquele modo, sendo apenas aquilo que ele vê.” (Luigi Pirandello. Um, nenhum e cem mil) AGRADECIMENTOS: Agradeço, em primeiro lugar, às participantes da banca, de forma coletiva, por aceitarem participar dessa ocasião e pela contribuição que trarão ao resultado final dessa pesquisa. Agradeço também individualmente a cada uma delas. À Joana Bosak, que já acompanha o desenvolvimento da minha pesquisa há algum tempo, agradeço também pelos livros que me emprestou e presenteou e que foram muito úteis nesse trabalho. À Daniela Kern, que também me auxiliou em mais de uma oportunidade, incluindo na banca de qualificação, onde apontou caminhos que tornaram esse um trabalho melhor – eu espero. Finalmente, agradeço à professora Mara Rodrigues, pois foi durante a monitoria de sua cadeira que desenvolvi a ideia de estudar o Renascimento Italiano e Giorgio Vasari. Agradeço também ao professor Avancini, que orientou esse projeto durante boa parte de sua realização, demonstrando sempre interesse, disponibilidade e me recebendo sempre com amizade. Não de forma menos importante, agradeço também pela grande quantidades de livros de sua invejável coleção. Espero ter devolvido todos. Também agradeço ao professor Fernando Nicolazzi, não apenas por ter aceitado continuar com a orientação, mas pelas recomendações que fez desde a qualificação e que contribuíram muito para o texto que aqui apresento. Em particular, agradeço muito pela leitura atenta que fez da versão final, apontando vários problemas, correções e soluções. Agradeço, obviamente à minha mãe e à minha irmã, por terem me apoiado e, por vezes, compreendido meu mau humor. Agradeço especialmente a minha mãe por ter certamente escutado muito mais sobre Vasari do que desejava ou tinha interesse. Agradeço também a todos os meus amigos, de forma geral, com medo de esquecer qualquer um deles. Agradeço, por fim, à Capes e à FAPERGS pela bolsa, ao Programa de Pós- Graduação e à UFRGS pela realização da pesquisa. Pedro Henrique de Moraes Alvez, 26 de agosto de 2015. Porto Alegre. RESUMO: Giorgio Vasari nasceu em 1511, na cidade de Arezzo, Itália. Em 1574, quando morreu, deixou atrás de si uma enorme quantidade de pinturas por toda a Toscana, uma série de empreendimentos arquitetônicos em Florença que realizou para o duque, bem como a obra pela qual talvez seja mais conhecido: o livro das Vite de’più eccelenti architetti, pittori e scultori italiani da Cimabue insino a tempi nostri descritte in lingua toscana da Giorgio Vasari pittore Aretino con una sua utile e necessaria introduzione a le arti loro (As vidas dos mais excelentes arquitetos, pintores e escultores italianos de Cimabue até os nossos tempos descritas em língua toscana por Giorgio Vasari pintor aretino com uma introdução útil e indispensável para as diferentes artes). Tão impressionante quanto o sucesso de sua carreira, são a quantidade e a variedade de registros sobre si mesmo que Giorgio Vasari foi capaz de produzir. Hábil também como escritor, registrou uma autobiografia como pintor e arquiteto, que julgou pertinente inserir na segunda edição de seu livro, além de um diálogo em que explica a decoração do Palazzo Vecchio. Também guardou cuidadosamente o registro de boa parte de suas encomendas, e deixou uma série de papéis esparsos que seus descendentes reuniriam com orgulho no chamado Zibaldone, em que estariam preservadas as invenzione do cavaliere Giorgio Vasari. Conhecedor e amante das artes, como se apresenta não apenas em sua autobiografia, mas ao longo de todas as Vite, detinha os meios técnicos necessários para realizar os ciclos decorativos internos das duas casas que adquiriu com o sucesso de sua carreira. Uma em Arezzo, sua cidade natal, a outra em Florença, local de sua realização profissional. Nesses ciclos expressou, ainda que de forma menos evidente do que os padrões contemporâneos exigem, e sempre limitado pelas convenções de sua época, o entendimento que tinha de si mesmo e de sua trajetória. Nesse trabalho, dedico-me a analisar essa documentação deixada por Vasari, procurando os traços de sua descrição de si mesmo, e tentando entender seus limites, suas possibilidades, suas inovações e suas motivações. Procuro compreender esse material a partir de um horizonte de expectativas individual do próprio Vasari, relacionando-o ao contexto de possibilidades que se abriam ao artistas durante esse período do qual ele não apenas fez parte, mas também ajudou a construir conceitualmente para a disciplina histórica: o Renascimento. No primeiro capítulo tento entender os limites dentro dos quais operava sua autorrepresentação escrita recorrendo a fontes mais antigas. A análise dessa figuração retórica através do texto aparece no segundo capítulo, em que realizo o comentário mais extenso de seus escritos. Essa tarefa bipartida é condensada no terceiro capítulo, em que procuro delimitar sua representação pictórica através de exemplos anteriores e contemporâneos, antes de realizar a análise do material vasariano propriamente dito. Palavras-chave: Biografia e Autobiografia; Autorrepresentação e autoimagem; Giorgio Vasari; Renascimento. ABSTRACT: Giorgio Vasari was born in 1511 in the town of Arezzo, Italy. In 1574, when he died, he left behind a huge amount of paintings throughout Tuscany, a series of architectural projects in Florence wich he performed for the Duke, and the work for which is perhaps best known: the book of the Vite de’più eccelenti architetti, pittori e scultori italiani da Cimabue insino a tempi nostri descritte in lingua toscana da Giorgio Vasari pittore Aretino con una sua utile e necessaria introduzione a le arti loro (The lives of the most excellent italian architects, painters and sculptors from Cimabue to our times described in the Tuscan language by Giorgio Vasari aretine painter with a useful and indispensable introduction to the different arts). As impressive as the success of his career, is the quantity and the variety of records about himself that Giorgio Vasari was able to produce. Also skilled as a writer, he recorded an autobiography as a painter and architect, wich he judged appropriate to insert in the second edition of his book, as well as a dialogue in which explains the decoration of the Palazzo Vecchio. He also kept carefully the record of most of his works, and left a number of scattered papers that his descendants proudly gathered in the so-called Zibaldone, in wich would be preserved the invenzione of Cavaliere Giorgio Vasari. Connoisseur and lover of the arts, as he presents himself not only in his autobiography, but all over the Vite, he held the technical means to carry out the internal decorative cycles of the two houses he acquired with the success of his career. One in Arezzo, his hometown, the other in Florence, site of his professional achievement. These cycles expressed, albeit in a less obvious way than contemporary standards require, and always limited by the conventions of his time, his understanding of himself and his career. In this work, I dedicate myself to examine this documentation left by Vasari, looking for traces of his description of himself, and trying to understand its limits, possibilities, innovations and motivations. I try to understand this material from a perspective of Vasari‟s individual expectations, but also relating it to the context of possibilities that opened to artists during this period in which not only he took part, but also helped to form conceptually for the historical discipline: the Renaissance. In the first chapter I try to understand the limits within which Vasari operated his written self-representation using older sources. The analysis of this rhetoric figuration through the text appears in the second chapter, in which I render the more extensive review of his writings. This bipartisan task is condensed in the third chapter, in which I try to delineate his pictorial representation through previous and contemporary examples before performing the analysis of Vasari material itself. Keywords: Biography and Autobiography; Self-representation and self-image; Giorgio Vasari; Renaissance. SUMÁRIO: 1. INTRODUÇÃO .................................................................................................................... 10 2. EM BUSCA DO “EU” ......................................................................................................... 29 2.1 O individualismo e o surgimento do homem moderno .................................
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