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Funktionsblandning I Praktiken

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Funktionsblandning I Praktiken EXAMENSARBETE INOM TEKNIK, GRUNDNIVÅ, 15 HP STOCKHOLM, SVERIGE 2018 Funktionsblandning i praktiken En kartläggning av hur planering för funktionsblandade stadsmiljöer går till i tre kommuner i Stockholms län, med fokus på den ekonomiska aspekten LISA LUNDSTRÖM KTH SKOLAN FÖR ARKITEKTUR OCH SAMHÄLLSBYGGNAD Förord Denna kandidatuppsats skrevs under slutet av vårterminen 2018 på Kungliga Tekniska Högskolans Samhällsbyggnadsprogram, inriktning stadsplanering. Det har varit ett såväl intensivt som myCket lärorikt arbete. Jag skulle vilja taCka min handledare Peter Brokking den hjälp oCh vägledning han har gett under arbetets gång samt alla de personer som var villiga att medverka i de intervjuer som gjorde arbetet möjligt. Jag skulle även vilja taCka mina fina vänner för dessa tre år på KTH samt min mamma som alltid stöttar mig i allt jag gör. Lisa Lundström Norrtälje, juni 2018 2 Abstract Mixed use urban areas Can, as Grant (2002) desCribes it, guarantee "economic vitality, social equality and environmental quality". AcCording to Bellander (2005), there are soCial as well as eConomiC forCes that speak for the mixed use urban environment to become a ConCept for sustainable development. The aim of this thesis was partly to examine what the literature says about planning for mixed use areas and partly to map out how it works in praCtice when planning for mixed use areas in three muniCipalities in StoCkholm County. The thesis examined three parts: whiCh problems or risks that can be connected to mixed use in urban planning and how muniCipalities in StoCkholm County deal with these, if muniCipalities in StoCkholm County have any strategies when planning for mixed use areas and if these, in that Case, agree with what the literature states as important, as well as what it takes to make sure that a mixed use area beComes eConomiCally sustainable and how muniCipalities in StoCkholm County work with this. The result was based on a method in two parts. The first part was a literature study, where a few relevant reports were Chosen for the study to be based on. The problem that oCCurred though was that the amount of literature in this field of study is very limited. The seCond part Consisted in five interviews. Three of these were personal interviews, while the other two were held over the phone. The personal interviews were held with people from three muniCipalities in StoCkholm: Täby muniCipality, Sundbyberg muniCipality and NaCka muniCipality. The phone interviews were to begin with supposed to be used for personal use while phrasing the problem, but were later Chosen to be a part of the actual result thanks to the important information they contained. The result and the analysis showed that there are several risks and problems ConneCted to planning for mixed use areas. These Can be: diffiCulties with the exeCution, the faCt that the power of the muniCipalities is very limited, the faCt that a lot of the planning is depending on the market, the faCt that it is hard to get a flow of people in the beginning when planning a City, the faCt that loCals risk ending up empty as well as the faCt the bank doesn’t want to give money to construCtion companies in projeCts like these. WhiCh of the three muniCipalities that are affeCted by these problems, as well as how they handle them, differs between the different muniCipalities. The muniCipalities didn’t seem to have any general strategies regarding the qualities or funCtions needed to Create a mixed use environment. Instead, a lot is depending on the speCific location and its presuppositions, whiCh is something that the muniCipalities have to adapt to. To make sure that a mixed use environment will be eConomiCally sustainable, the literature suggest: that the planning for big shopping centers and retail areas is stopped, that existing activities in an area are preserved, that more conversations with businesses and retail companies are being held, as well as the qualities an area should have in order to aChieve a sustainable loCal eConomy. WhiCh of these factors are being thought of when planning also differs between the different muniCipalities. English title: Mixed use in praCtiCe - A mapping of how planning for mixed use in urban environments works in three muniCipalities in StoCkholm County, foCusing on the eConomiC aspeCt 3 Sammanfattning Funktionsblandade stadsmiljöer kan, som Grant (2002) beskriver det, lova "ekonomisk vitalitet, social jämställdhet och miljömässig kvalitet". Enligt Bellander (2005) finns i samhället såväl soCiala som ekonomiska drivkrafter, vilka talar för att den funktionsblandade stadsmiljön kan bli ett konCept för hållbar stadsutveCkling. Syftet med detta arbete var att dels att undersöka vad litteraturen säger om planering för funktionsblandade stadsmiljöer oCh dels att kartlägga hur det går till i praktiken när man planerar för funktionsblandade stadsmiljöer i tre kommuner i StoCkholms län. Arbetet undersökte tre delar: vilka problem eller risker som finns kopplade till funktionsblandning inom stadsplanering oCh hur kommuner I StoCkholms län hanterar dessa, om kommuner i StoCkholms län har några strategier då de planerar för funktionsblandade stadsmiljöer och om dessa i så fall stämmer överens med vad litteraturen anser är viktigt samt vad som krävs för att se till att en funktionsblandad stadsmiljö ska bli ekonomiskt hållbar oCh hur kommuner i StoCkholms län arbetar med detta. Resultatet baserades på en metod i två delar. Den första delen utgjordes av en litteraturstudie där några relevanta rapporter valdes ut som underlag. Svårigheten var doCk att mängden litteratur inom detta område är begränsad. Den andra delen utgjordes av fem intervjuer. Tre av intervjuerna var personliga intervjuer medan de andra två hölls via telefon. De personliga intervjuerna hölls med tjänstemän från tre kommuner i StoCkholm: Täby kommun, Sundbybergs stad oCh NaCka kommun. Telefonintervjuerna skulle till en början ses som personligt underlag för problemformuleringen, men kom sedan att bli en del av resultatet taCk varje den för rapporten viktiga information som inhämtades. Resultatet oCh analysen visade att det finns flera risker oCh problem kopplade till planering för funktionsblandade stadsmiljöer. Dessa kan vara sådana som: svårigheter vid genomförandet, att kommunerna har begränsad makt, att styrningen till stor del beror på marknaden, att det är svårt att få in stadsliv till en början i en stad, att lokaler riskerar att stå tomma samt bankernas ovilja att låna ut pengar till byggaktörer. Vilka av dessa som kommunerna i studien påverkas av oCh hur man hanterar dessa problem skiljer sig åt mellan de olika kommunerna. Kommunerna verkar ofta inte heller ha några allmänna strategier gällande kvalitéer eller funktioner som behövs för att få till en funktionsblandad miljö. MyCket beror istället på den speCifika platsen oCh dess förutsättningar, vilket kommunerna måste anpassa sig till. För att se till att en funktionsblandad miljö ska bli ekonomiskt hållbar nämner litteraturen sådant som att man bör sluta planera för köpcentrumanläggningar, att man bör bevara befintliga verksamheter i ett område som ska förtätas eller byggas om, att man bör prata mer med handelsaktörer oCh näringslivet samt vilka kvalitéer ett område bör ha för att uppnå en hållbar lokal ekonomi. Vilka av dessa faktorer man tänker på i planeringen skiljer sig doCk också åt mellan de olika kommunerna. 4 Innehållsförteckning 1 Inledning ........................................................................................................................................ 6 1.1 Introduktion och bakgrund .................................................................................................... 6 1.2 Funktionsblandad stad ........................................................................................................... 7 1.2.1 Definition av begreppet ................................................................................................... 7 1.2.2 Blandstad som vision inom stadsbyggnad ...................................................................... 8 1.3 Hållbar utveckling .................................................................................................................. 8 1.3.1 Dimensionen ekonomisk hållbarhet ............................................................................... 8 1.4 Syfte ........................................................................................................................................ 9 1.5 Frågeställningar ..................................................................................................................... 9 1.6 Avgränsning............................................................................................................................ 9 2 Metod ........................................................................................................................................... 10 2.1 Litteraturstudie .................................................................................................................... 10 2.2 IntervJuer .............................................................................................................................. 10 2.3 Analys ................................................................................................................................... 11 2.4 Metodkritik ........................................................................................................................... 11 3 Resultat .......................................................................................................................................
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