Mixed Reality Art and the Graphical User Interface
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mixed reality art and the graphical user interface Ian Gwilt A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Art History and Theory University of New South Wales 2009 00_insidecover [A] abstract This hybrid (practice/thesis) examines the phenomenon of mixed-reality art through the form of the graphical user interface (GUI) as an emergent site of creative practice. Utilising three methodologies – the documentation of practice; a conceptual framing; and a series of personal experimental artworks – I will explore the creative manifestation of the GUI. This will be done using the following terms: as a computer-based interface; as material artefact; and as augmented reality construct. The thesis builds a position around the idea that differing manifestations of the GUI aesthetic as represented in virtual, physical and mixed-reality constructs can be used to examine the recent interest in the concept of ‘mixed-reality’ as a site of enquiry within creative digital media. The artworks that make up the documented practice element of this thesis represent an exploration into the visual language of the GUI through the above three terms. Through this practice/thesis I will establish the premise that by creatively repositioning the GUI, it is possible to challenge our understanding and expectations of the conventional computer interface wherein icons no longer function as navigational devices and can be removed from the context of the computer desktop interface by varying scale, media and configuration. Moreover, that shifts in representation and form allow for the (d)evolution of the computer desktop metaphor back into object-based artefacts and hybrid configurations. In doing so, metaphoric ambiguities are created, which act as a lens for considering our relationship with computer technologies and the role they have taken in our social, cultural and creative environs. In the final chapter of this thesis I will describe in some detail a selection of my own works created over a six-year period between 2002 and 2008. Accompanying this written text is a CD-ROM, which contains additional documentation associated with these works. The concepts and works documented through the written thesis represent an original attempt to draw together and define current activities associated with the GUI as a creative site of enquiry or conceptual trigger for thinking through notions of mixed-reality art. abstract [i] list of plates Fig 1 | Perry Hoberman System Maintenance (1998) installation details. CHAPTER 1 Images Perry Hoberman Fig 2 | An early example of a Virtual Reality Head Mounted Display system. Image Nasa Fig 3 | Maurice Benayoun World Skin, a Photo Safari in the Land of War (1997) installation details. Images Maurice Benayoun Fig 4a | Virtual reality model Fig 4b | Mixed-reality model. Diagram concepts courtesy of Mark Billinghurst from The Human Interface Technology Laboratory New Zealand - HIT Lab NZ Fig 5 | A diagram of the interplay of the GUI and mixed-reality as a conduit between the digital and the material Fig 6 | A diagram of the conceptual relations subtending mixed-reality art Fig 7 | Jon McCormack Turbulence (1994/5). Image Jon McCormack Fig 8 | Troy Innocent New life [IC:TF:NEO] (2002). Image Troy Innocent Fig 9 | Desktop detail, Windows 95 (1995) showing desktop icon metaphor CHAPTER 2 Fig 10 | Desktop detail, Mac OS X v10.4 Tiger (2005) showing multiple windows and window navigation devices Fig 11 | Desktop detail Mac OS 9 (1999) Fig 12 | Desktop detail Mac OS X v10.0 Cheetah (2001) Fig 13 | Apple Macintosh desktop (1994) Fig 14 | Desktop details: Mac OS X v 10.5 Leopard (2007) (left), Microsoft Windows Vista (Aero theme) (2006) (right) Fig 15 | Toolbar details from (top to bottom) Mosaic (1993) Netscape Navigator 1.22 (1995) Internet Explorer 1.0 (1995) Fig 16 | Alexei Shulgin Form Art (1997) detail. Image Alexei Shulgin Fig 17 | Alexei Shulgin Desktop Is (1997/8) detail. Image Alexei Shulgin Fig 18 | John F. Simon, Jr. Every Icon (1997) screen capture from website 2008. Image John F. Simon, Jr. Fig 19 | Simon Biggs Recombinant Icon (2003) screen capture from website 2008. Image Simon Biggs Fig 20 | Exonemo Natural Process (2004) gallery installation details. Image Exonemo list of plates [ii] Fig 21 | Rainer Ganahl c-garbage (1992) inlaid wood, Image Galerie Roger CHAPTER 2 Pailhas, Marseilles 1993 Fig 22 | Valery Grancher Hotmail.com (2004). Image Valery Grancher Fig 23 | Valery Grancher Dos paintings (2003). Image Valery Grancher Fig 24 | Carlo Zanni Landscape, Untitled JPEG (2000). Image Carlo Zanni Fig 25 | Carlo Zanni Landscape, Napster Logo (2002). Image Carlo Zanni Fig 26 | Miltos Manetas Madonna and Child.jpg (1998). Image Miltos Manetas Fig 27 | George Pusenkoff Single Mona Lisa (1997). Guelman Gallery, Moscow Fig 28 | George Pusenkoff 9 Teile Mona Lisa (1997) 210 x 210 cm acryl/canvas. Image George Pusenkoff Fig 29 | Miltos Manetas Pink Explosion (After Doom) (1998) vibracolour print on super glossy paper 80x120 inches. Image Miltos Manetas Fig 30 | Feng Mengbo Q4U_200201.TGA (2002) 59” x 79” oil on canvas. Image Feng Mengbo Fig 31 | Jon Haddock Mercedes (2002). Image Jon Haddock Fig 32 | Jon Haddock Som_ver01 (2000). Image Jon Haddock Fig 33 | A Fuse Deposition Modelling Rapid Prototype, seen before the CHAPTER 3 removal of support material Fig 34 | Ola Pehrson Winfile.exe (1997) 25 x 30 x 35 cm wood, paint. Image Ola Pehrson Fig 35 | Darko Fritz Home (2002) 2 x 2m image on 2.5 x 5 m advertising billboards, part of the Migrant Navigator project. Image Darko Fritz Fig 36 | Darko Fritz The Future of Nostalgia horticultural unit (2002) 9 x 9 m flower installation. Image Darko Fritz Fig 37 | Stella Brennan Tuesday 3 July 2001, 10:38am (2002) 860 x 1150 mm needlepoint embroidery, cotton on canvas. Image Stella Brennan Fig 38 | Blank and Jeron dump your trash (1998) recycled www.aol Web page. Screen shot from website 2008. Image Blank and Jeron Fig 39 | Nick Crowe The New Medium (1999) 60 × 45 cm hand-engraved drawing on 6 mm float glass. Image Nick Crowe list of plates [iii] Fig 40 | Jon Thompson and Alison Craighead dot-store.com (2002) Google search- CHAPTER 3 engine result tea towel. Image Jon Thompson and Alison Craighead Fig 41 | Rainer Ganahl Afghan Dialog, Next Target? G8 members should make their decisions wisely (2002) 32 x 40 inches, silk embroidery. Image by the artist Fig 42 | Jan Robert Leegte scrollbar composition (2005) aluminium, data projection. Image Jan Robert Leegte Fig 43 | Eddo Stern USS DRAGOON “One God to Rule Them All...And in the Darkness Bind Them” (2003) 10’ x 5’ x 4’ wood, plastic, electronics, software. Image Eddo Stern Fig 44 | space-invaders Bilbao (2007) ceramic tiles. Image space-invaders website Fig 45 | Perry Hoberman Cathartic User Interface (1995) installation details. Images Perry Hoberman Fig 46 | Antonio Muntadas The file room (1994). Image Tara Nicholson, The Banff Centre Fig 47a | Namco Pac-Man (1998) screen shot. Image by Namco Fig 47b | New York University Interactive Telecommunications program Pac-Manhattan (2004). Image by ehud, Flickr, Pacmanhattan (Set) Fig 47c | Le Gentil Garçon Pac-Man (advanced) (2004) 8 editions, diameter 65 cm, resin. Image Le Gentil Garçon Fig 48 | Blast Theory Can You See Me Now? (2001). Images by Blast Theory Fig 49 | Aram Bartholl Map (2006). Image Aram Bartholl Fig 50 | A good choice 2.0 (2002) 900mm x 120mm digital print. Image Ian Gwilt CHAPTER 4 Fig 51 | Scrolling heaven (2004) installation details. Image Ian Gwilt Fig 52 | Scrolling heaven (2002) 2D image, initial experimental work for Scrolling heaven. Image Ian Gwilt Fig 53 | Scrolling heaven (2004) 3D image model basis of the Scrolling heaven installation. Image Ian Gwilt Fig 54 | Scrolling heaven (2004) RP sculpture, ABS plastic and installation detail. Image Ian Gwilt Fig 55 | Scrolling heaven (2004) animation loop, 3 LCD screens and plinth (with wall mounted digital print in background). Image Ian Gwilt Fig 56 | MadeKnown (2005) details of display plinth (foreground work, Geo_soft (2005) by Steve Hatzellis). Image Ian Gwilt Fig 57 | MadeKnown (2005) general exhibition layout. Image Ian Gwilt list of plates [iv] Fig 58 | Details of folder_field (2005) rapid prototype sculpture. Image Ian Gwilt CHAPTER 4 Fig 59 | Untitled Media: a survey of new media art (2006) website homepage. Image Ian Gwilt Fig 60 | visual taxonomy survey icons (2006) details. Image Ian Gwilt Fig 61 | 2 different visualisation modes from the Untitled Media (2006) database. Image Ian Gwilt Fig 62 | Installation details of the Untitled Media (2006) activity area, physical/digital data collection options. Image Ian Gwilt Fig 63 | Diagram of Milgram’s Virtuality Continuum (Milgram 1994). Image Ian Gwilt Fig 64 | The visual diagram of Milgram’s virtual continuum. Image Ian Gwilt Fig 65 | mundane traces (2007) installation views. Image Ian Gwilt Fig 66 | folder_wall (2007) installation view. Image Ian Gwilt Fig 67 | Scrolling heaven animation (2007) 2 stills. Image Ian Gwilt Fig 68 | folder_field (2006) Rapid Prototype sculpture. Image Ian Gwilt Fig 69 | file_field (2007) Rapid Prototype sculpture. Image Ian Gwilt Fig 70 | save_as (2007) a. gallery installation, b. screen close-up. Image Ian Gwilt Fig 71 | ‘The Olympic Tally Room’, venue for the 2008 mundane_traces show. Image Ian Gwilt Fig 72 | The entrance and walkway to ‘The Olympic Tally Room’ exhibition space. Image Ian Gwilt Fig 73 | Scrolling heaven animation, projection technique in the mundane_traces 2008 show. Image Ian Gwilt Fig 74 | Scrolling heaven digital prints (2008) multiple window version, installation and detail mundane_ traces 2008 show. Image Ian Gwilt Fig 75 | folder_floor (2008) multiple acrylic folders, installation and detail, mundane_traces 2008. Image Ian Gwilt show. Image Ian Gwilt Fig 76 | command z (2008) audio loop, headphones and plinth, mundane_traces 2008 show. Image Ian Gwilt Fig 77 | cross animation (2006) animation loop, installation and detail, mundane_traces 2008.