Elkhan Mekhtiev NATO -EAPC Research Fellowship 1999-2001 Project: “Security Policy in ” Tel/Fax: (99412) 675353 E-mail : @elkhan..az

Contents

Acknowledgments ………………………………………..2 Conclusion…………………………………………………2. Chapter One Introduction…………………………………………5 Chapter two 1.Internal political situation in Azerbaijan on the eve of the break of ………………………………… 6 2.Development of situation in NK ……………….:……… .7 3.Situation in Armenian and Azerbaijan ……………………8 4.Violence in NK ………………………………………… 9 5.Struggle for full independence and recognition ………… 11 6.International activities ……………………………………16 7.Political turmoil and Armenian advances………………… 19 8.International and regional implications ……………… ….20 9.Foreign policy advancement………………………………24

Chapter 3. 1.Formation of Azerbaijan Army………………………… …27 2.Concept of Azerbaijan independent army ………………….28 3.Implications of CFE …………………………………33

Chapter 4 1.Azerbaijan - security relationship…………………… 34 2.CIS Collective Security Treaty ………………………………36 3.Gabala……………………………………………………… 39 4. Four ……………………………………………… 40 5.Azerbaijan- relations………………………………………41 6.Caucasus Stability Pact ………………………………………..41 7.Security relations with Azerbaijan and NATO…………………43 8.GUUAM…………………………………………………… …47. 9.Azerbaijan -US security Dialog …………………………… …49

Chapter 5 2

Table: Russian arms to ………………………………. .51 Bibliography …………………………………………………… …53

Acknowledgments

First and foremost I would like to thank Dr. Charles Fairbanks, Director of Central Asia Institute, Johns Hopkins University ,Washington, DC for hosting me at their Institute and for his valuable advice and help to meet in various governmental agencies, universities ,research centers and as well as with experts in DC area. I also thank Hagani Huseynov - military analyst for his helpful comments. Special thanks to the library personnel of Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan and to my son Ulvi for their assistance in searching materials.

Conclusion

The complexity for Azerbaijan and as well as the countries of South Caucasus for the researched period has been characterized by the mixture of different factors including pro-independence movements, formation of sovereign nationhood and at the same time the periods of violent conflicts between and inside the countries. The mixture of these three major elements have allowed to both internal and external forces to play their own game due to sensitivity of those issues. Internal disturbances and coup attempts have been instrumental for changing power, instability and waves of violence has served as impediment for development of regional cooperation. The weapons inherited from the Soviet Union had served not for security but for military confrontation in both interstate and ethnic wars causing security disaster we are facing now. The violent confrontation has put the integrity and security of the countries in uncertainty and the arms race and armament has polarized the countries of the region and