DICTIONARY of LABOUR BIOGRAPHY VOLUME XIV Edited by Keith Gildart & David Howell DICTIONARY OF LABOUR BIOGRAPHY VOLUME XIV • DICTIONARY OF LABOUR BIOGRAPHY Volume XIV Edited by KEITH GILDART University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK and DAVID HOWELL Department of Politics, University of York, York, UK Editors Keith Gildart David Howell University of Wolverhampton Department of Politics Wolverhampton, UK University of York York, UK ISBN 978-1-137-45742-4 ISBN 978-1-137-45743-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-45743-1 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017949456 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2018 The author(s) has/have asserted their right(s) to be identified as the author(s) of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover design by Fatima Jamadar Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Macmillan Publishers Ltd. The registered company address is: The Campus, 4 Crinan Street, London, N1 9XW, United Kingdom Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vii NOTES TO READERS ix LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS xi LIST OF BIBLIOGRAPHIES AND SPECIAL NOTES xiii BIOGRAPHIES 1 CONSOLIDATED LIST OF NAMES IN VOLUMES I–XIV 315 GENERAL INDEX 329 v Acknowledgements The Dictionary of Labour Biography depends on the scholarship of our contributors. They enable an appreciation of the infinite variety that has been characteristic of the British labour move- ment. We thank them for their entries and for their tolerant and good-humoured responses to our queries and comments. The research for this volume, as with its predecessors, rests on the library and archival resources of many institutions. As always we have depended on the rich collections and sup- portive staff of the Modern Records Centre at the University of Warwick, the Labour History Study and Archive Centre at the People’s History Museum, Manchester and the Working Class Movement Library, Salford. Previous volumes have acknowledged the invaluable contribution of the British Newspaper Library, Colindale. Its closure and the consequential transfer of its holdings mean that we can now consult them in the less spartan and less urban new home at Boston Spa in Yorkshire. The construction of individual entries has depended on the resources of local depositories. We are grateful to Burnley Public Library, Cambridgeshire Record Office, Durham Record Office, Flintshire Record Office Hawarden, Hampshire Record Office, Portsmouth Archives, Hull History Centre, Kent Record Office, Maidstone Archives, Sheffield City Archives, Tyne and Wear Archives Service, Newcastle Archives, and Walsall History Centre. Our thanks are all the greater because these vital resources for the historical memory of communities are suffering from the severity of government-imposed austerity. We remain committed to the exploration of labour movements in the context of diverse and contested national identities, a priority underlined by recent political upheavals. Our debts to the National Archives Kew, the British Library, the Trades Union Congress Library, the National Library of Scotland, the Scottish Record Office, and the National Library of Wales are underpinned by this commitment. Our entries also depend heavily on material held in British academic institutions: Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, British Library of Political and Economic Science, London School of Economics and Political Science, London Metropolitan University Archives, Sydney Jones Library University of Liverpool, Swansea University Library, University of Durham Library, University of Huddersfield Library, University of Newcastle Library, University of Stirling Library, University of Sussex Library. Diverse collections illuminate the richness of our material: Arthur Findlay College Stansted, British Postal Museum London, College of Psychic Studies London, National Co-operative Archives Manchester, National Portrait Gallery London, National Tramway Museum Archives Derbyshire, Union of Democratic Mineworkers Mansfield, Women’s Library London. More widely we must emphasise our continuing thanks to the International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam complemented for this volume by the Archive Office of Tasmania, Hobart and the Kenya National Archive, Nairobi. Once again we have experienced the excitement and frustrations of tracing family details on Ancestry.com, the genealogist.com.uk and [email protected]. We are glad to note our informal link with the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography and the practical help and enthusiasm of Mark Curthoys. This volume has been prepared in a period of exceptional political turmoil. Much has been unexpected and emphasises the complexity and contingency of what we study as historians. More substantively the crude populism that increasingly degrades our politics makes even more urgent the need to recover our past in all its diversity. vii Notes to Readers 1. Place names are usually quoted according to contemporary usage in the period covered in each entry. 2. Where the amount of a will, estate or effects is quoted it is normally that given in The Times, in the records at Somerset House in London, the Probate Office in Manchester or at the Scottish Record Office in Edinburgh. For dates before 1860 the source is usually the Public Record Office. Additional information has been provided by www.ancestry.co.uk and www. gov.uk. 3. Under the heading Sources, personal information relates to details obtained from relatives, friends or colleagues of the individual in question; biographical information refers to other sources. 4. The place of publication in the bibliographical sources is London unless otherwise stated. 5. The See also sections that follow some biographical entries include names marked with a dagger—these refer to biographies published in Volumes I–XIII of the Dictionary of Labour Biography; those with no marking are included in the present volume. 6. A consolidated list of entries in Volumes I–XIV can be found at the end of this volume, before the general index. ix List of Contributors Dr. David Amos, University of Nottingham Dr. Yann Beliard, Uiniversité Sorbonne Nouvelle Paris III Alun Burge, University of Swansea Dr. Stephen Catterall, University of Wolverhampton Dr. Ben Curtis, University of Cardiff Jack Fletcher, Chopwell, Tyne and Wear Dr. Nick Mansfield, University of Central Lancashire Dr. Lewis Mates, University of Durham Professor Kevin Morgan, University of Manchester Dr. Steven Parfitt, University of Nottingham Archie Potts, Gosforth, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne Revd Dr. Professor D. Ben Rees, Liverpool Dr. Lowri Rees, University of Bangor Professor Roger Seifert, University of Wolverhampton Business School Dr. Tom Sibley, Marx Memorial Library Richard Temple, Senate House, University of London Dr. Don Watson, North East Labour History Society Stephen Williams, Lewes, East Sussex Dr. John Williamson, University of Glasgow xi List of Bibliographies and Special Notes Bibliographies The subject bibliographies attached to certain entries are the responsibility of the editors. The entries under which they will be found in Volumes I–VI are as follows: British Labour Party 1900–1913 LANSBURY, George II 1914–1931 HENDERSON, Arthur I Chartism to 1840 LOVETT, William VI Christian Socialism, 1848–1854 LUDLOW, John Malcolm Forbes II Cooperation Agricultural cooperation PLUNKETT, Sir Horace Curzon V Cooperative education HALL, Fred I Cooperative Party ALEXANDER, Albert Victor I Cooperative production JONES, Benjamin I Cooperative Union HAYWARD, Fred I Cooperative wholesaling REDFERN, Percy I Copartnership GREENING, Edward Owen I International Cooperative Alliance MAY, Henry John I Irish cooperation GALLAGHER, Patrick I Retail cooperation Nineteenth century HOLYOAKE, George Jacob I 1900–1945 BROWN, William Henry I 1945–1970 BONNER, Arnold I Scottish cooperation MAXWELL, William I Guild socialism SPARKES, Malcolm II Mining trade unionism 1850–1879 MACDONALD, Alexander I 1880–1899 PICKARD, Benjamin I 1900–1914 ASHTON, Thomas I 1915–1926 COOK, Arthur James III 1927–1944 LEE, Peter II Scottish mining trade unionism SMILLIE, Robert III Welsh mining trade unionism ABRAHAM, William (Mabon) I New model unionism ALLAN, William I New Unionism, 1889–1893 TILLETT, Benjamin (Ben) IV