The Rampart Scandal
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Police Misconduct As a Cause of Wrongful Convictions
POLICE MISCONDUCT AS A CAUSE OF WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS RUSSELL COVEY ABSTRACT This study gathers data from two mass exonerations resulting from major police scandals, one involving the Rampart division of the L.A.P.D., and the other occurring in Tulia, Texas. To date, these cases have received little systematic attention by wrongful convictions scholars. Study of these cases, however, reveals important differences among subgroups of wrongful convictions. Whereas eyewitness misidentification, faulty forensic evidence, jailhouse informants, and false confessions have been identified as the main contributing factors leading to many wrongful convictions, the Rampart and Tulia exonerees were wrongfully convicted almost exclusively as a result of police perjury. In addition, unlike other exonerated persons, actually innocent individuals charged as a result of police wrongdoing in Rampart or Tulia only rarely contested their guilt at trial. As is the case in the justice system generally, the great majority pleaded guilty. Accordingly, these cases stand in sharp contrast to the conventional wrongful conviction story. Study of these groups of wrongful convictions sheds new light on the mechanisms that lead to the conviction of actually innocent individuals. I. INTRODUCTION Police misconduct causes wrongful convictions. Although that fact has long been known, little else occupies this corner of the wrongful convictions universe. When is police misconduct most likely to result in wrongful convictions? How do victims of police misconduct respond to false allegations of wrongdoing or to police lies about the circumstances surrounding an arrest or seizure? How often do victims of police misconduct contest false charges at trial? How often do they resolve charges through plea bargaining? While definitive answers to these questions must await further research, this study seeks to begin the Professor of Law, Georgia State University College of Law. -
Bad Cops: a Study of Career-Ending Misconduct Among New York City Police Officers
The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepared the following final report: Document Title: Bad Cops: A Study of Career-Ending Misconduct Among New York City Police Officers Author(s): James J. Fyfe ; Robert Kane Document No.: 215795 Date Received: September 2006 Award Number: 96-IJ-CX-0053 This report has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federally- funded grant final report available electronically in addition to traditional paper copies. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Bad Cops: A Study of Career-Ending Misconduct Among New York City Police Officers James J. Fyfe John Jay College of Criminal Justice and New York City Police Department Robert Kane American University Final Version Submitted to the United States Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice February 2005 This project was supported by Grant No. 1996-IJ-CX-0053 awarded by the National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. Points of views in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. -
Communique from an Ex-Cop
communiqué from an ex-cop by christopher jordan dorner annotated by research and destroy new york city new york / los angeles 2013 From: Christopher Jordan Dorner /76486 To: America Subj: Last resort7 Regarding CF# 07-0042818 I know most of you who personally know me are in disbelief to hear from media reports that I am suspected of committing such horrendous murders and have taken drastic and shocking actions in the last couple of ________ 1 Posted on Facebook on February 4th, 2013 at 1:48 AM, according to a February 6th search warrant (see Appendix A; Search Warrant. Superior Court of California, County of Orange. 6 Feb. 2013. 17). 2 From the beginning, all news outlets have referred to Dorner’s text as a “manifesto,” often preceded by the word “rambling,” (a Google News phrase search for “rambling manifesto” yielded 1,860 articles at the height of the manhunt) though more often “angry” (3,930 articles). Labeling a document a “manifesto” is one way the media marks its author as mentally unstable, or, even worse, a lone voice yelling into the wilderness. Revelations of isolated lives spent in cabins, whether in the remote Mon- tana wilderness or the snow-capped mountains of Big Bear, CA, paint an image of an unhinged, anti-social individual wholly out of touch with reality, if not totally against it (the climactic self-inflicted gunshot wound provides ultimate confirmation of this). The Riverside Chief of Police articulated early on the portrait of a suspect both soli- tary and certifiable: “My opinion of the suspect is unprintable. -
When Rodney King Was Beaten in 1991 by LAPD Officers, and Rioters
FROM THE AGE OF DRAGNET TO THE AGE OF THE INTERNET: TRACKING CHANGES WITHIN THE LOS ANGELES POLICE DEPARTMENT Wellford W. Wilms, UCLA School of Public Policy and Education Following the Rodney King beating in 1991, rioters later burned and looted South Central Los Angeles on the news that the accused Los Angeles Police officers had been acquitted. It seemed that things could hardly get worse. But the King beating only served to focus public attention on the problems of policing a huge and diverse city like Los Angeles. It was the beginning of a series of wrenching changes that would all but paralyze the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) for more than a decade. Following the King beating, then-Mayor Tom Bradley established the Christopher Commission (named after chairman, former Secretary of State Warren Christopher) to delve into the underlying causes. The Commission sought to reveal the roots of the LAPD’s problems. According to the Commission, since William Parker had become chief in 1950 and took steps to professionalize the department, officers learned to respond to crime aggressively and swiftly. Strapped for resources to police a huge city of 465 square miles, Parker relied on efficiency to squeeze production from his officers. He began the practice that persists today of evaluating officers on statistical performance – response time, number of calls handled, citations issued and arrests made. Not surprisingly, the LAPD began to pride itself on being a high profile paramilitary organization with “hard-nosed” officers, an image that was greatly enhanced by the radio and TV program, “Dragnet.” But while the Christopher Commission acknowledged that aggressive, statistics-driven policing produced results, it did so at a high cost, pitting residents against police creating a “siege mentality” within the department (Independent Commission, 1991, p. -
Effect of Gang Injunctions on Crime: a Study of Los Angeles from 1988-2014
Department of Criminology Working Paper No. 2018-3.0 Effect of Gang Injunctions on Crime: A Study of Los Angeles from 1988-2014 Greg Ridgeway Jeffrey Grogger Ruth Moyer John MacDonald This paper can be downloaded from the Penn Criminology Working Papers Collection: http://crim.upenn.edu Effect of Gang Injunctions on Crime: A Study of Los Angeles from 1988-2014 Greg Ridgeway Jeffrey Grogger Ruth Moyer John MacDonald Department of Criminology Harris School of Public Policy Department of Criminology Department of Criminology Department of Statistics University of Chicago University of Pennsylvania Department of Sociology University of Pennsylvania University of Pennsylvania Abstract Objective: Assess the effect of civil gang injunctions on crime. Methods: Data include crimes reported to the Los Angeles Police Department from 1988 to 2014 and the timing and geography of the safety zones that the injunctions create, from the first injunction in 1993 to the 46th injunction in 2013, the most recent during our study period. Because the courts activate the injunctions at different timepoints, we can compare the affected geography before and after the imposition of the injunction contrasted with comparison areas. We conduct separate analyses examining the average short-term impact and average long-term impact. The Rampart scandal and its investigation (1998-2000) caused the interruption of three injunctions creating a natural experiment. We use a series of difference-in-difference analyses to identify the effect of gang injunctions, including various methods for addressing spatial and temporal correlation. Results: Injunctions appear to reduce total crime by an estimated 5% in the short-term and as much as 18% in the long-term, with larger effects for assaults, 19% in the short-term and 35% in the long-term. -
Police Response to Gangs: a Multi-Site Study
The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepared the following final report: Document Title: Police Response to Gangs: A Multi-Site Study Author(s): Charles M. Katz; Vincent J. Webb Document No.: 205003 Date Received: April 2004 Award Number: 98-IJ-CX-0078 This report has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federally- funded grant final report available electronically in addition to traditional paper copies. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Police Response to Gangs: A Multi-Site Study 1 Prepared for the National Institute of Justice by Charles M. Katz Vincent J. Webb Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology December 2003 Phoenix, Arizona 1 This research report was funded by the National Institute of Justice, Grant No. 1998-IJ-CX-0078. The opinions expressed in the report are those of the authors and are not necessarily those of the National Institute of Justice. Table of Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................ i Research Goals and Objectives ........................................................................................ i Research Design and Methodology.................................................................................. i Research Results and Conclusions..................................................................................ii -
Reconstructing Consent Marcy Strauss
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Volume 92 Article 4 Issue 1 Fall Fall 2001 Reconstructing Consent Marcy Strauss Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/jclc Part of the Criminal Law Commons, Criminology Commons, and the Criminology and Criminal Justice Commons Recommended Citation Marcy Strauss, Reconstructing Consent, 92 J. Crim. L. & Criminology 211 (2001-2002) This Criminal Law is brought to you for free and open access by Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology by an authorized editor of Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. 0091-4169/01/9201-0211 THE JOURNAL o CRIMINAL LAW & CRIMINOLOGY Vol 92, No I in US.A. Copyright 0 2001 by Northwestern University, School of Law Printed RECONSTRUCTING CONSENT MARCY STRAUSS* "Will you walk into my parlor? Said the Spider to thefly. " Every year, I witness the same mass incredulity. Why, one hundred criminal procedure students jointly wonder, would someone "voluntarily" consent to allow a police officer to search the trunk of his car, knowing that massive amounts of cocaine are easily visible there?2 The answer, I have come to believe, is * Professor of Law, Loyola Law School. J.D. 1981, Georgetown University Law Center; B.S. 1978, Northwestern University. As always, I am grateful to my dear friend Erwin Chemerinsky for reading and critiquing this manuscript. Thanks are owed to my research assistants Karin Necessary, Kris An, James Warren, Lisa Jones, and especially Aaron Agness. This Article is dedicated with love and admiration to my oldest son,Jeffrey Chemerinsky, as he reaches the age of legal consent. -
1 Dr. Todd Boyd CTCS 510: Reagan's America (Crack Nation) Wednesdays (Fall 2012) Seminar 1:00-3:50 /SCA 216 Screening 4:00-6:5
Dr. Todd Boyd CTCS 510: Reagan’s America (Crack Nation) Wednesdays (Fall 2012) Seminar 1:00-3:50 /SCA 216 Screening 4:00-6:50/SCA 112 Dr. Boyd’s office hours: Wednesdays & Thursdays 12:00-12:45 Office hour meetings are by appointment. To make an appointment for Dr. Boyd’s office hours call (213.740.3334) or visit the Critical Studies main office (SCA 320). Course Description: This course will study cinema, media, and popular culture during the “Reagan Era,” with a specific focus on the politics of the crack cocaine epidemic that began in the mid 1980s. Using the landmark N.W.A. album Straight Outta Compton (1988) as a cultural touchstone, the course will investigate the relationship between the image of Ronald Reagan’s presidency (“Reaganomics”), the influx of cocaine into American cities, and the ensuing “crack culture” that emerged and came to define this era. This course will highlight a number of cultural themes, historical issues, political controversies, and other societal trends, including; the Iran/Contra scandal, the prison industrial complex, gang culture, the death of basketball star Len Bias, gangsta rap, hip hop culture, hip hop cinema, the 1988 presidential election, the travails of Washington DC mayor Marion Barry, the LA riots, the Rampart scandal, and the murders of Tupac Shakur and Biggie Smalls, among other topics. These topics will be pursued in the interest of addressing larger questions such as; what role have drugs historically played in American society? To what extent do drugs reveal broader issues relative to race and class? What is the connection between politics, private enterprise, and issues of “law & order”? How have all of these issues been reflected in popular culture? Course Requirements: 1.Oral Presentation on one of the films screened in class: You will select one of the course screenings for your in-class presentation. -
Free Peltier?
Journal of Anti-Racist Action, Research & Education TURNINGVolume 12 Number 3 Fall 1999THE $2/newsstands TIDE In this issue: Puerto Rico*Shut Down the WTO!*ARA Mumia*Exchange on Zionism*Big Mountain*Police Brutality Free Peltier? People Against Racist Terror*PO Box 1055*Culver City 90232 310-288-5003*ISSN 1082-6491*e-mail: <[email protected]> PART'S Perspective: Puerto Rican Political Prisoners and Prisoners of War Released Que Viva Puerto Rico Libre! The forces of liberation and decolonization, and the campaign to free political emerged from prison gates for the first time in as much as 19 years. The campaign prisoners and prisoners of war held by the U.S., have won a tremendous victory. had united even Puerto Ricans who identified with commonwealth and statehood Eleven Puerto Rican political prisoners and prisoners of war were released from U.S. parties behind the demand for freedom for the independentistas. Prior to their release, prisons in September, under a conditional clemency by President Clinton. We must over 100,000 people marched in San Juan to demand that Clinton eliminate the savor the victory, and also deepen our understanding of how it was won and how it unjust and insulting conditions he was placing on their release. can be built on. An ecstatic crowd celebrated the released freedom fighters when they arrived in Edwin Cortes, Elizam Escobar, Ricardo Jimenez, Adolfo Matos, Dylcia Pagan, Puerto Rico. As TTT was going to press, the prisoners were scheduled to appear Alberto Rodriguez, Alicia Rodriguez, Ida Luz Rodriguez, Luis Rosa, Alejandrina together at a rally in Lares on September 23, commemorating the Grito de Lares, the Torres, and Carmen Valentin, were justly welcomed as heroes and patriots by the call for Puerto Rican independence from Spain. -
Tupac Shakur 29 Dr
EXPONENTES DEL VERSO computación PDF generado usando el kit de herramientas de fuente abierta mwlib. Ver http://code.pediapress.com/ para mayor información. PDF generated at: Sat, 08 Mar 2014 05:48:13 UTC Contenidos Artículos Capitulo l: El mundo de el HIP HOP 1 Hip hop 1 Capitulo ll: Exponentes del HIP HOP 22 The Notorious B.I.G. 22 Tupac Shakur 29 Dr. Dre 45 Snoop Dogg 53 Ice Cube 64 Eminem 72 Nate Dogg 86 Cartel de Santa 90 Referencias Fuentes y contribuyentes del artículo 93 Fuentes de imagen, Licencias y contribuyentes 95 Licencias de artículos Licencia 96 1 Capitulo l: El mundo de el HIP HOP Hip hop Hip Hop Orígenes musicales Funk, Disco, Dub, R&B, Soul, Toasting, Doo Wop, scat, Blues, Jazz Orígenes culturales Años 1970 en el Bronx, Nueva York Instrumentos comunes Tocadiscos, Sintetizador, DAW, Caja de ritmos, Sampler, Beatboxing, Guitarra, bajo, Piano, Batería, Violin, Popularidad 1970 : Costa Este -1973 : Costa, Este y Oeste - 1980 : Norte America - 1987 : Países Occidentales - 1992 : Actualidad - Mundial Derivados Electro, Breakbeat, Jungle/Drum and Bass, Trip Hop, Grime Subgéneros Rap Alternativo, Gospel Hip Hop, Conscious Hip Hop, Freestyle Rap, Gangsta Rap, Hardcore Hip Hop, Horrorcore, nerdcore hip hop, Chicano rap, jerkin', Hip Hop Latinoamericano, Hip Hop Europeo, Hip Hop Asiatico, Hip Hop Africano Fusiones Country rap, Hip Hop Soul, Hip House, Crunk, Jazz Rap, MerenRap, Neo Soul, Nu metal, Ragga Hip Hop, Rap Rock, Rap metal, Hip Life, Low Bap, Glitch Hop, New Jack Swing, Electro Hop Escenas regionales East Coast, West Coast, -
Incubating Monsters: Prosecutorial Responsibility for the Rampart Scandal
Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review Volume 34 Number 2 Symposium—The Rampart Scandal: Article 13 Policing the Criminal Justice System 1-1-2001 Incubating Monsters: Prosecutorial Responsibility for the Rampart Scandal Gary C. Williams Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/llr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Gary C. Williams, Incubating Monsters: Prosecutorial Responsibility for the Rampart Scandal, 34 Loy. L.A. L. Rev. 829 (2001). Available at: https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/llr/vol34/iss2/13 This Symposium is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Reviews at Digital Commons @ Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INCUBATING MONSTERS?: PROSECUTORIAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR TLE RAMPART SCANDAL Gary C. Williams* I. INTRODUCTION When disgraced former Los Angeles Police Officer Rafael Perez made his statement to the court after pleading guilty to stealing co- caine from a police storage locker, he uttered words that reverberated throughout the City of Los Angeles as it wrestled with the enormity of the scandal enveloping its chief law enforcement agency. After reciting in sordid detail his descent into a life of deceit, crime, and debauchery, Perez concluded his statement by declaring: "Whoever chases monsters should see to it that in the process he does -
Appendix F: Timeline of Significant Events
Office of the Independent Monitor: Final Report 1 June 11, 2009 Appendix F: Timeline of Significant Events George Holliday captures LAPD officers beating Rodney King on March 2, 1991 tape. Mayor Tom Bradley forms the Independent Commission on the Los Angeles Police Department (also known as the Christopher April 1, 1991 Commission) to study the excessive use of force in the LAPD; the Commission’s findings are released later in the year. Jurors acquit three of four LAPD officers of excessive force charges in Rodney King case; civil unrest related to the verdict begins in South Los Angeles, spreads to other parts of the city and lasts for almost a April 29, 1992 week (55 people died, over 2,000 were injured and damage is estimated at $1 billion); the DOJ brings charges of federal civil rights violations against the four officers in the aftermath. June 27, 1992 Chief Daryl F. Gates resigns from the LAPD. Mayor Bradley appointee Willie L. Williams begins serving as Chief June 30, 1992 of Police, the first African‐American chief in LAPD history. July 1, 1993 Richard J. Riordan begins serving as mayor of Los Angeles. Jurors convict two of the four officers of federal civil rights April 17, 1993 violations. Citizens of Los Angeles vote to amend the City Charter, paving the April 1995 way for the creation of an Office of the Inspector General to monitor the LAPD. Report commissioned by the Police Commission titled “Five Years Later: A Report to the Los Angeles Police Commission on the Los May 1996 Angeles Police Department’s Implementation of Independent Commission Recommendations” is released.