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Optimization of Mechanical Crimping to Assemble Tubular Components
Journal of Materials Processing Technology 146 (2004) 35–43 Optimization of mechanical crimping to assemble tubular components Manas Shirgaokar a, Hyunjoong Cho a, Gracious Ngaile a, Taylan Altan a,∗, Jang-Horng Yu b, John Balconi b, Richard Rentfrow b, W.J. Worrell b a ERC for Net Shape Manufacturing, The Ohio State University, 339 Baker Systems, 1971 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA b Science and Technology Group, Alliant Ammunition and Powder Company, Radford Army Ammunition Plant, Route 114, P.O. Box 1, Radford, VA 24141-0096, USA Abstract The crimping process is used often in the assembly of tubular components. In this study, with the aid of the finite-element method (FEM), the mechanical crimping operation was evaluated and optimized for a specific application. The effect of various process variables, such as the geometry, alignment and stroke of the crimper and the friction at the crimper–tube interface were investigated. Thus, it was possible to optimize the process so that the effect of springback could be reduced and the assembly quality, as indicated by the pullout force, could be improved. The crimping process of a single-grooved rod with a tube was evaluated as a case study. Based on the FE simulations, it was possible to determine the optimum alignment and the optimum design for two types of crimper geometries. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Assembly; Crimping; Pullout test; FEM 1. Introduction the crimping process used in manufacturing bullets is pre- sented. Traditional joining methods use resistance spot-welding In the present study, the bullet is considered as a cylindri- or fastening elements such as screws, pegs, rivets, bolts and cal solid rod that must be assembled to the casing, which is nuts. -
American Galvanised Iron Roofing and Cladding from the 1870'S to 1920'S
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Theses (Historic Preservation) Graduate Program in Historic Preservation 1988 American Galvanised Iron Roofing and Cladding from the 1870's to 1920's Andrew Benjamin Hall University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses Part of the Historic Preservation and Conservation Commons Hall, Andrew Benjamin, "American Galvanised Iron Roofing and Cladding from the 1870's to 1920's" (1988). Theses (Historic Preservation). 301. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/301 Copyright note: Penn School of Design permits distribution and display of this student work by University of Pennsylvania Libraries. Suggested Citation: Hall, Andrew Benjamin (1988). American Galvanised Iron Roofing and Cladding from the 1870's to 1920's. (Masters Thesis). University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/301 For more information, please contact [email protected]. American Galvanised Iron Roofing and Cladding from the 1870's to 1920's Disciplines Historic Preservation and Conservation Comments Copyright note: Penn School of Design permits distribution and display of this student work by University of Pennsylvania Libraries. Suggested Citation: Hall, Andrew Benjamin (1988). American Galvanised Iron Roofing and Cladding from the 1870's to 1920's. (Masters Thesis). University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. This thesis or dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/301 UNIVEKSlTYy* PENNSYLVANIA. UBKARIES s AMERICAN GALVANISED IRON ROOFING AND CLADDING FROM THE 1870 's TO 1920' Andrew Benjamin Hall A THESIS The Graduate Program in Historic Preservation Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE 1988 Robert Schuyler, Associate Professor, American Civilization, Advisor Henry Glassie, Professor, Folklore and Folklife, Reader Da\ri#-G. -
Radel® PPSU, Udel® PSU, Veradel® PESU & Acudel® Modified PPSU
Radel ® | Udel ® | Veradel ® | Acudel ® Radel® PPSU, Udel® PSU, Veradel® PESU & Acudel® modified PPSU Processing Guide SPECIALT Y POLYMERS 2 \ Sulfone Polymers Processing Guide Table of Contents Introduction ............................. 5 Part Ejection . 14 Draft . 14 Ejector pins and/or stripper plates . 14 Sulfone Polymers........................ 5 Udel® Polysulfone (PPSU) . 5 Injection Molding Equipment ............. 15 ® Veradel Polyethersulfone (PESU) . 5 Controls . 15 ® Radel Polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) . 5 Clamp . 15 ® Acudel modified PPSU . 5 Barrel Capacity . 15 Press Maintenance . 15 Resin Drying . .6 Screw Design . 15 Rheology................................ 8 Screw Tips and Check Valves . 15 Viscosity-Shear Rate ..................... 8 Nozzles . 16 Molding Process . 16 Resin Flow Characteristics . 9 Melt flow index . 9 Polymer Injection or Mold Filling . 16 Spiral flow . 9 Packing and Holding . 17 Injection Molding . .10 Cooling . 17 Molds and Mold Design .................. 10 Machine Settings ....................... 17 Tool Steels . 10 Barrel Temperatures . 17 Mold Dimensions . 10 Mold Temperature . 18 Mold Polishing . 10 Residence Time in the Barrel . 18 Mold Plating and Surface Treatments . 10 Injection Rate . 18 Tool Wear . 10 Back Pressure . 18 Mold Temperature Control . 10 Screw Speed . 18 Mold Types . 11 Shrinkage . 18 Two-plate molds . 11 Three-plate molds . 11 Regrind ............................... 19 Hot runner molds . 11 Cavity Layout . 12 Measuring Residual Stress ............... 19 Runner Systems . 12 Extrusion............................... 22 Gating . 12 Sprue gating . 12 Edge gates . 13 Predrying ............................. 22 Diaphragm gates . 13 Tunnel or submarine gates . 13 Extrusion Temperatures ................. 22 Pin gates . 13 Screw Design Recommendations . 22 Gate location . 13 Venting . 14 Sulfone Polymers Processing Guide / 3 Die Design ............................. 22 Extruded Product Types . 23 Wire . 23 Film . 23 Sheet . 23 Piping and tubing . 23 Start-Up, Shut-Down, and Purging ....... -
5-V Installation Instructions
2120 SW Poma Drive; Palm City, Florida 34990 ◊ 772-223-4055 Phone ◊ 772-781-7492 Fax www.sunlastmetal.com ◊ [email protected] IMPORTANT NOTICE READ THIS MANUAL COMPLETELY BEFORE BEGINNING INSTALLATION OF THE 5-V CRIMP (KEY WEST SERIES) PANEL SYSTEM. SUNLAST METAL DETAILS MUST BE FOLLOWED TO INSURE APPROPRIATE WARRANTIES REMAIN IN AFFECT. ALWAYS INSPECT EACH AND EVERY PANEL AND ALL ACCESSORIES BEFORE INSTALLATION. NEVER INSTALL ANY PRODUCT IF ITS QUALITY IS IN QUESTION. NOTIFY SUNLAST METAL IMMEDIATELY IF ANY PRODUCT IS BELIEVED TO BE OUT OF SPECIFICATION OR HAS BEEN DAMAGED DURING SHIPPING. IF THERE IS A CONFLICT BETWEEN OUR ENGINEER’S EVALUATION REPORT AND THE DETAILS IN THIS MANUAL, THE ENGINEER’S EVALUATION REPORT WILL TAKE PRECEDENCE. Installations contained herein were in effect at the time of this installation manual creation and approved for publishing. Sunlast Metal reserves the right to discontinue products or change specifications at anytime without notice. To ensure that you have the latest material available please contact Sunlast Metal directly. Installation Details are for illustration purposes only can may not be suitable for all building designs or conditions. All projects should be engineered to conform to applicable building codes and regulations. For complete performance specifications and any disclaimers, please consult your local Sunlast Metal representative. OFFICE: (772) 223-4055 TOLL FREE: (877) 8-METAL-6 FACSIMILE: (772) 781-7492 TABLE OF CONTENTS A. Technical Information Sheet . Page 4 B. General Panel Description . Page 5 C. Handling & Storage Specifications . Page 6 D. Installation Requirements .... Page 7 E. Fastener Patterns . Page 8 F. General Installation Instructions . -
Cast Irons from Les Forges Du Saint- Maurice, Quebec a Metallurgical Study
Cast Irons from Les Forges du Saint- Maurice, Quebec A Metallurgical Study Henry Unglik Environment Canada Environnement Canada Parks Service Service des pares Cast Irons from Les Forges du Saint- Maurice, Quebec A Metallurgical Study Henry Unglik Studies in Archaeology Architecture and History National Historic Parks and Sites Parks Service Environment Canada ©Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1990. Available in Canada through authorized bookstore agents and other bookstores, or by mail from the Canadian Government Publishing Centre, Supply and Services Canada, Hull, Que bec, Canada Kl A 0S9. Published under the authority of the Minister of the Environment, Ottawa, 1990 Editing and design: Jean Brathwaite Production: Lucie Forget and Rod Won Parks publishes the results of its research in archaeology, architecture, and history. A list of publications is available from Research Publications, Parks Service, Environment Can ada, 1600 Liverpool Court, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3. Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Unglik, Henry Cast irons from les Forges du Saint-Maurice, Quebec: a met allurgical study (Studies in archaeology, architecture and history, ISSN 0821-1027) Issued also in French under title: Fontes provenant des Forges du Saint-Maurice. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-660-13598-1 DSS cat. no. R61-2/9-48E 1. Forges du Saint-Maurice (Quebec) — Antiquities. 2. Iron works — Quebec (Province) — Saint Maurice River Valley — History. 3. Cast-iron — Analysis. I. Canadian Parks Service. National Historic Parks and -
5V Crimp Panel Spec 5-24-11.Pub
Specification Sheet D.C.S.M. 5-V Crimp General Panel Information Application: Residential, Commercial, Industrial, and Agricultural panels. Coverage: 23.5” panel coverage, with a 1/2” seam height Minimum Slope: Recommended slope 2/12 or greater. Substrate: Recommended substrate 1/2”-5/8” plywood with a 30 lb. felt moisture barrier. Length: Panels are continuous lengths from eave to ridge. Fastening Exposed fastening system. Recommended that panels are fastened to substrate System: at center rib and inside rib of side lap, with a maximum spacing of 16" o/c. Fasteners: 1 1/2" self-sealing neoprene washer screws. Materials: Panels are fabricated from 26 gauge or 24 gauge Galvalume*. Coatings 26 gauge pre-painted Galvalume* panels are available in over 10 standard & Finishes: colors. 24 gauge pre-painted Galvalume* panels are available in over 30 standard colors and coated with a full-strength Kynar 500† finish. Warranty: 20, 25, and 35 year manufacturer warranties available. Approvals Florida Building Code and Miami-Dade HVHZ product approvals. & Testing: TAS 125 (UL-580 uplift resistance test). TAS 100-95 (wind driven rain test). Class A Fire Rating (UL-790). Additional Information Panels are also available in Aluminum and Copper. All flashings and accessories are fabricated from the same coil stock as the panels. 5-V orders are all-inclusive: panels, clips, screws, and all flashings are incorporated into one per square price. * Galvalume sheet uses an aluminum (55%) - zinc (45%) alloy coating that offers greater corrosive resistance, higher temperature oxidation resistance, and higher heat reflectivity than standard galvanized steel. † Kynar 500 is a premium fluorocarbon coating with full strength Kynar 500 resin. -
Alcotec Aluminum Technical Guide
AlcoTec Aluminum Technical Guide Contents AlcoTec Aluminum Wire & Equipment Technical Guide Table of Contents Environmental Health and Safety ......................................................................................................................................... 3 Technical Services Heat Treatable & Non-Heat Treatable Base & Fillers ............................................................................................................. 6 Filler Alloys: Chemical Composition Limits & Physical Properties ......................................................................................... 7 Conversion Factors ............................................................................................................................................................ 7 Welded Joint Strength ......................................................................................................................................................... 8 Typical Tensile Properties - Groove Welds ............................................................................................................................ 9 Weld Profiles ...................................................................................................................................................................... 10 Weld Control Characteristics ............................................................................................................................................. 11 Parameter Changes & Current Density.............................................................................................................................. -
Additive Tooling Simplifies the Mold Build Process – 18 Conformally Cooled Sprue Bushings Reduce Cycle Time
ENGINEER / BUILD / MAINTAIN Additive Tooling Simplifies the Mold Build Process – 18 Conformally Cooled Sprue Bushings Reduce Cycle Time – 22 Best Practices for Improving Measurement Accuracy – 30 Revisiting Some Hot Runner Fundamentals – 36 FEBRUARY 2020 / VOL. 23 / NO. 2 A property of Gardner Business Media “Progressive’s Inserted Bar Locks provide perfect alignment for even our largest tools, which perform in harsh conditions.” Oswaldo Roman, Inland Die Casting Company align with the leader When producing tight tolerance parts for the automotive industry, Inland Die Casting Company knows that taking shortcuts today will lead to problems tomorrow. Progressive’s Inserted Bar Locks are designed to go the distance: • Largest, standard alignment lock in the industry • Designed for mold weights from 25,000 to 75,000 lbs • Utilizes exclusive Z-Series technology for longevity Don’t let inferior components bench your tools. Contact our Engineering team at 1-800-269-6653 to discuss how the Progressive advantage can generate profits for you. VISIT THE NEW PROCOMPS.COM FOR ENHANCED E-COMMERCE AND CAD GEOMETRY AVAILABILITY A CONTROL FOR EVERY GENERATION. For over 50 years, Hurco has been empowering machinists of every generation with cutting-edge control technology that’s easy to learn and easy to use. See which one of our 65+ models of CNC machines is right for you. Hurco.com/MyGeneration Double Column Boring Mills Horizontals 3-Axis Vertical 5-Axis Double Column Bridge Turning Centers Hurco Companies, Inc. | One Technology Way | Indianapolis, IN 46268 | 800.634.2416 | [email protected] | HURCO.com | Machines shown with options. Information may change without notice. -
Ingot Cleanliness Improvements Using Sprue Extensions Beyond the Mold Outlet
Ingot Cleanliness Improvements Using Sprue Extensions Beyond The Mold Outlet Ryan VanderMeulen ArcelorMittal Coatesville April 11, 2012 ArcelorMittal USA Locations Research Center Burns Harbor Cleveland Lackawanna Indiana Harbor Riverdale Coatesville Hennepin Conshohocken Columbus Coatings Newton Weirton Georgetown Steelton Steelmaking and processing facilities Processing facilities Research center 2 ArcelorMittal USA Plate Production Locations Indiana Harbor Cleveland Riverdale Conshohocken Burns Coatesville Harbor, Gary Steelmaking, Rolling, Heat Treating: Rolling & Heat Treating: Steelmaking: Burns Harbor, Coatesville Conshohocken, Gary Indiana Harbor, Cleveland, Riverdale 3 Plate Mills Production Focus • Burns Harbor – 160” – larger, TMCP, Q&T, precise weight – 110” – commodity to 1” – 160” @ Gary – commodity to 1.5”, Q&T • Conshohocken – 110” - commodity, thin, Q&T • Coatesville – – 140” - heavy, varied chemistries, Q&T – 206” - very wide and heavy, Q&T 4 Production Focus • East Clad, Flamecut, Conversion Most alloy and Q&T Very clean steel Very wide or heavy plate Light thickness plate Small special orders • West Control rolled Precise weight Special surface requirements Very large orders Heat Treated Commodity 5 ArcelorMittal USA Operations Coatesville Steelmaking Process Plan Electrodes Automatic Automatic Alloys Alloys Wire Feed Argon Stirring Argon Stirring Ladle Furnace Ladle Degasser Continuous Bottom Cast Slabs Poured Ingots Ladle Electric Arc Furnace 6 Ingot Casting Coatesville • Bottom pouring • Hot topping • Argon shrouding -
Hell on Wheels
MercantileEXCITINGSee section our NovemberNovemberNovember 2001 2001 2001 CowboyCowboyCowboy ChronicleChronicleChronicle(starting on PagepagePagePage 90) 111 The Cowboy Chronicle~ The Monthly Journal of the Single Action Shooting Society ® Vol. 21 No. 11 © Single Action Shooting Society, Inc. November 2008 . HELL ON WHEELS . THE SASS HIGH PLAINS REGIONAL By Captain George Baylor, SASS Life #24287 heyenne, Wyoming – The HIGHLIGHTS on pages 70-73 very name conjures up images of the Old West. chief surveyor for the Union Pacific C Wyoming is a very big state Railroad, surveyed a town site at with very few people in it. It has what would become Cheyenne, only 500,000 people in the entire Wyoming. He called it Cow Creek state, but about twice as many ante- Crossing. His friends, however, lope. A lady at Fort Laramie told me thought it would sound better as Cheyenne was nice “if you like big Cheyenne. Within days, speculators cities.” Cheyenne has 55,000 people. had bought lots for a $150 and sold A considerable amount of history them for $1500, and Hell on Wheels happened in Wyoming. For example, came over from Julesburg, Colorado— Fort Laramie was the resupply point the previous Hell on Wheels town. for travelers going west, settlers, and Soon, Cheyenne had a government, the army fighting the Indian wars. but not much law. A vigilance com- On the far west side of the state, mittee was formed and banishments, Buffalo Bill built his dream town in even lynchings, tamed the lawless- Cody, Wyoming. ness of the town to some extent. Cheyenne, in a way, really got its The railroad was always the cen- start when the South seceded from tral point of Cheyenne. -
The Lost-Wax Casting Process—Down to Basics by Eddie Bell, Founder, Santa Fe Symposium
The Lost-Wax Casting Process—Down To Basics By Eddie Bell, Founder, Santa Fe Symposium. Lost-wax casting is a ancient technique that is used today in essentially the same manner as it was first used more than 5,000 years ago. As they say, there's no messing with success. Today, of course, technology has vastly expanded the technique and produced powerful equipment that makes the process faster, easier and more productive than ever, but the basic steps remain the same. The steps below represent a simple overview and are intended to provide a beginning understanding of the casting process. Concept This is obviously where the design is initally conceived, discussed,evolved, and captured on paper—or on computer; CAD (computer aided design) software is increasingly popular among designers. You create the design you envision using the computer tool and the software creates a file that can be uploaded into a CNC mill or 3D printer. Model Build a model, either by hand-carving, guided by the paper rendering, or by uploading the CAD file into a computer controlled milling machine or a 3D printing machine. Models are made using carving wax, resin or similar material. This process can also be done in metal by a goldsmith or silversmith. Note: If a 3D printer or other rapid prototyping equipment is used, it is possible to skip the molding and wax-injection steps by using one of the resins that are specially made to go directly to the treeing process. Molding Create a mold from your master model, placing it in one of a variety of rubber or silicone materials, curing the material, then removing the model from the finished mold. -
Gating and Feeder Design of Aluminium Alloy (6061 T6) Casting for Circular Component
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 06 | June 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 Gating and Feeder Design of Aluminium Alloy (6061 T6) Casting for Circular Component 1 Anshul Tiwari, 2 Aakash Singh Bhadauria 1,2 Department of Mechanical Engineering ITM University Gwalior (M.P) India --------------------------------------------------------------------***-------------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract: Sand casting is an oldest technique to achieve (ii) material specification (iii) Design of gating system (iv) Design of feeder system Furthermore, porosity which is a required shape, Every Foundry Industries Requires Minimum common defect in every casting also caused from improper Rejection of Component, Rejection Is Caused by Undesired design of gating system The basic element of gating system Uncertainty Found in Component’s. Quality of casting is are pouring basin, sprue, runners, ingate and, it is a series depends upon flow of molten metal through gating system. of passages in which the molten metal flows into the Improper gating design is mainly responsible for the turbulence mould cavity to produce the castings for minimizing and also responsible for shrinkage porosity. In other words, degradation in metal quality and for minimizing the molten metal should enter into the mold cavity within occurrence of shrinkage porosity during the solidification. The proper feeding of the molten metal into the mould solidification time of melt, so proper design of gating system is cavity has been very problematic especially when it essential. Proper gating system design reduces the turbulence involves castings with thin sections. In order to properly in the flow of molten metal, it also minimize air entrapment, feed the molten metal into the mould cavities of these thin sand inclusion, oxide film and dross.