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AMD's Llano Fusion
AMD’S “LLANO” FUSION APU Denis Foley, Maurice Steinman, Alex Branover, Greg Smaus, Antonio Asaro, Swamy Punyamurtula, Ljubisa Bajic Hot Chips 23, 19th August 2011 TODAY’S TOPICS . APU Architecture and floorplan . CPU Core Features . Graphics Features . Unified Video decoder Features . Display and I/O Capabilities . Power Gating . Turbo Core . Performance 2 | LLANO HOT CHIPS | August 19th, 2011 ARCHITECTURE AND FLOORPLAN A-SERIES ARCHITECTURE • Up to 4 Stars-32nm x86 Cores • 1MB L2 cache/core • Integrated Northbridge • 2 Chan of DDR3-1866 memory • 24 Lanes of PCIe® Gen2 • x4 UMI (Unified Media Interface) • x4 GPP (General Purpose Ports) • x16 Graphics expansion or display • 2 x4 Lanes dedicated display • 2 Head Display Controller • UVD (Unified Video Decoder) • 400 AMD Radeon™ Compute Units • GMC (Graphics Memory Controller) • FCL (Fusion Control Link) • RMB (AMD Radeon™ Memory Bus) • 227mm2, 32nm SOI • 1.45BN transistors 4 | LLANO HOT CHIPS | August 19th, 2011 INTERNAL BUS . Fusion Control Link (FCL) – 128b (each direction) path for IO access to memory – Variable clock based on throughput (LCLK) – GPU access to coherent memory space – CPU access to dedicated GPU framebuffer . AMD Radeon™ Memory Bus (RMB) – 256b (each direction) for each channel for GMC access to memory – Runs on Northbridge clock (NCLK) – Provides full bandwidth path for Graphics access to system memory – DRAM friendly stream of reads and write – Bypasses coherency mechanism 5 | LLANO HOT CHIPS | August 19th, 2011 Dual-channel DDR3 Unified Video DDR3 UVD Decoder NB CPU CPU Graphics SIMD Integrated Integrated GPU, Display Northbridge Array Controller I/O Controllers L2 Display L2 I/OMultimedia Controllers L2 PCI Express I/O - 24 lanes, optional 1 MB L2 cache L2 I/O per core digital display interfaces CPU CPU Digital display interfaces 4 Stars-32nm PCIe CPU cores PPL Display PCIe PCIe Display 6 | LLANO HOT CHIPS | August 19th, 2011 CPU, GPU, UVD AND IO FEATURES STARS-32nm CPU CORE FEATURES . -
MX690E2 Radeon X1250 for Gaming Applications
Industrial Motherboards AMD® RS690E Mini ITX with Integrated MX690E2 Radeon X1250 for Gaming Applications Audio 2 USB KB + Mouse Features 2 USB + LAN DVI + VGA COM1, COM2 • AMD® Socket AM2/AM2+ Supports Athlon 64, Athlon 64 x2, Sempron with 2000 MHz Hyper Transport • AMD® RS690E/SB600 Chipset Amplifi er ATX • Up to 4 GB DDR2 533/667/800 MHz SO-DIMM Sys- LVDS tem Memory PCIe x16 • ATI® Radeon Xpress1250 Graphic Engine RS690E • Dual Display: DVI-D, LVDS, VGA • 1 Gigabit LAN, HD Audio, Amplifi er Socket AM2 • 1 PCI, 1 Mini PCIe, Compact Flash SB600 • 2 SATA, 4 COM, 6 USB, 8-bit GPIO 2 SATA • TPM 1.2 Supported DIO • ATX Power COM3 COM4 • Mini ITX (6.7” x 6.7”) Mini PCIe CF (back) IDE 2 USB Front Panel 2 SO-DIMMs up to 4 GB Specifi cation ATX Power DDR2 SDRAM System Audio CPU Supports AMD® Socket AM2 support Athlon 64, Athlon 64 X AC’97 Codec Realtek® ALC888/ALC886 Audio Codec 2, Sempron with FSB 2000MHz Hyper Transport support with Audio Amplifer TPA3005D2 Stereo 5Watt per channel 200/400/600/800/1000 MHz Chipsets AMD® RS690E + SB600 Ethernet System Memory Two 200-pin SO-DIMM supports up to 4 GB DDR2 SDRAM LAN 1 Realtek® RTL8111B (1000Base-T Fast Ethernet) 400/533/667/800 MHz BIOS SPI Award 8 Mb BIOS Mechanical and Environment Expansion Interface 1 x PCI 1 x CF Power Requirement 42W (Max). ( 3.3V, 3.08A , 5V 0.817A, 5VSB 0.387A, 12V 2.18A) 1 x Mini PCIe Operating Temperature 0~60°C TPM TPM1.2 (Infi neon® TPM chip 9635 TT 1.2 on board) Operating Humidity 5%~90% relative humidity, non-condensing Watchdog Timer Reset: 1 sec.~255 min. -
AMD Socket AM2 with AMD M690T Chipset Reference Schematic D D
5 4 3 2 1 AMD Socket AM2 with AMD M690T Chipset Reference Schematic D D NOTES: Page Index Page Index ------- -------------------------------------------- ------- -------------------------------------------- 1) This schematic supports the AMD Socket AM2 CPU devices. 1 Cover Page 17 SB600 PCIe, PCI, LPC, Straps, & CPU Control 2) These are "Reference Schematics" and as such they have 2 Revision History 18 SB600 ACPI, GPIO, USB, and Audio Interfaces not been verified by an actual board build. 3 Block Diagram 19 SB SATA, IDE, SPI, and HW Management Interfaces 3) This reference schematic supports AMD M960T revision 4 Clock Structure 20 SB600 Power A12 or later. If A12 or later revision is not used, please 5 Power Configuration (1) 21 CRT Connector see your customer support representative for the 6 Power Configuration (2) 22 Broadcom Ethernet Controller necessary application notes for workarounds. 7 Reset & Voltage Sequence 23 Realtek Audio Codec C 4) This reference schematic supports SB600 revision 8 Socket AM2 HT Interface 24 LPC BIOS C A21 or later. If A21 or later revision is not used, please 9 Socket AM2 DDRII Memory Interface 25 USB Power and Connectors see your customer support representative for the 10 Socket AM2 Control & Debug 26 Power Main System, SB600 PCIe, & Other necessary application notes for workarounds. 11 Socket AM2 Power & Ground 27 Standby Power & Powergood 5) Unless otherwise specified, resistors have 5% tolerance. 12 SODIMM DDR2 28 Power for CPU Core 13 M690T HT, PCI, PCIe(R), PCIe Graphics Port 29 Power for DDR2 Memory and Interface 6) Unless otherwise specified, capacitors have 20% tolerance. 14 M690T PLL and Video Interface 30 Power M690T Core, PCIe Interface 15 M690T Power and Side Port Memory Interface 31 Unused Interfaces 16 Clock Generator IMPORTANT NOTICE: B 1. -
CPU CARD Industral Motherboard
CPU CARD Industral Motherboard ATX Form Factor with AMD SocketAM2 Processor, Nvidia MCP55Pro Server Grade Platform, Analog CRT output, Six SATA II with RAID Functions, Dual IMBA-3600AM2 LAN, One PCIe x8 and Five PCIe x4 Expansion Slot, CF Card 4 x 240-pin DIMM ATX Power Input Six SATA II AMD Socket AM2 USB 1 Single Board CF NVIDIA MCP55pro server-grade chipset Five PCIe x 4 with One PCI Computer IDE COM Dual GbE 2 VIDEO PCI CARD KB/MS VGA 6 x USB2.0 Audio 3 Xscale PCIe x16 Slot for Solutions COM PCIe x 8 Signals Five PCIe x4 4 Specifications Open Ethernet DDR2800 HMI CPU AMD Socket AM2 Supports Athlont™ 64, Athlon™ 64 x2, AMD™ 64 Opteron™ , AMD Sempron™ processors Features HyperTransport™ Technology 5 200/400/600/800/1000MHz HyperTransport Interface 1. AMD Socket AM2 processor with HyperTransport™ technology supported VITO System Chipsets 2. Built in NVIDIA MCP55Pro (NFP-3600) supports 28 configurable PCI Universal NVIDIA MCP55Pro (NFP-3600) Server Grade Platform express lanes Controller BIOS 3. 6 x SATA II support RAID 0, 1, 0+1, 5, JBOD AMI Flash BIOS 4. One PCIe x16 (x8 single) and five PCIe x4 expansion slots for felxible System Memory PCIe application 4x DDR2 DIMM support 400/533/667/800 MHz up to 8G 5. Dual LAN support fail over/load balancing Ethernet 6 Dual GbE (Marvell 88E1121 PHY) DINO BLADE I/O Interface 1 x RS-232 Packing List 1 x RS-232/422/485 8 x USB 2.0(6 on the edge, 2 on board by pin header) 1 x IMBA-3600AM2 single board computer 6 x SATA II with RAID 0,1, 10, 5, JBOD support 7 1 x IDE 1 x Mini jumper pack LCD 1 x Audio -
AMD's Early Processor Lines, up to the Hammer Family (Families K8
AMD’s early processor lines, up to the Hammer Family (Families K8 - K10.5h) Dezső Sima October 2018 (Ver. 1.1) Sima Dezső, 2018 AMD’s early processor lines, up to the Hammer Family (Families K8 - K10.5h) • 1. Introduction to AMD’s processor families • 2. AMD’s 32-bit x86 families • 3. Migration of 32-bit ISAs and microarchitectures to 64-bit • 4. Overview of AMD’s K8 – K10.5 (Hammer-based) families • 5. The K8 (Hammer) family • 6. The K10 Barcelona family • 7. The K10.5 Shanghai family • 8. The K10.5 Istambul family • 9. The K10.5-based Magny-Course/Lisbon family • 10. References 1. Introduction to AMD’s processor families 1. Introduction to AMD’s processor families (1) 1. Introduction to AMD’s processor families AMD’s early x86 processor history [1] AMD’s own processors Second sourced processors 1. Introduction to AMD’s processor families (2) Evolution of AMD’s early processors [2] 1. Introduction to AMD’s processor families (3) Historical remarks 1) Beyond x86 processors AMD also designed and marketed two embedded processor families; • the 2900 family of bipolar, 4-bit slice microprocessors (1975-?) used in a number of processors, such as particular DEC 11 family models, and • the 29000 family (29K family) of CMOS, 32-bit embedded microcontrollers (1987-95). In late 1995 AMD cancelled their 29K family development and transferred the related design team to the firm’s K5 effort, in order to focus on x86 processors [3]. 2) Initially, AMD designed the Am386/486 processors that were clones of Intel’s processors. -
Take a Way: Exploring the Security Implications of AMD's Cache Way
Take A Way: Exploring the Security Implications of AMD’s Cache Way Predictors Moritz Lipp Vedad Hadžić Michael Schwarz Graz University of Technology Graz University of Technology Graz University of Technology Arthur Perais Clémentine Maurice Daniel Gruss Unaffiliated Univ Rennes, CNRS, IRISA Graz University of Technology ABSTRACT 1 INTRODUCTION To optimize the energy consumption and performance of their With caches, out-of-order execution, speculative execution, or si- CPUs, AMD introduced a way predictor for the L1-data (L1D) cache multaneous multithreading (SMT), modern processors are equipped to predict in which cache way a certain address is located. Conse- with numerous features optimizing the system’s throughput and quently, only this way is accessed, significantly reducing the power power consumption. Despite their performance benefits, these op- consumption of the processor. timizations are often not designed with a central focus on security In this paper, we are the first to exploit the cache way predic- properties. Hence, microarchitectural attacks have exploited these tor. We reverse-engineered AMD’s L1D cache way predictor in optimizations to undermine the system’s security. microarchitectures from 2011 to 2019, resulting in two new attack Cache attacks on cryptographic algorithms were the first mi- techniques. With Collide+Probe, an attacker can monitor a vic- croarchitectural attacks [12, 42, 59]. Osvik et al. [58] showed that tim’s memory accesses without knowledge of physical addresses an attacker can observe the cache state at the granularity of a cache or shared memory when time-sharing a logical core. With Load+ set using Prime+Probe. Yarom et al. [82] proposed Flush+Reload, Reload, we exploit the way predictor to obtain highly-accurate a technique that can observe victim activity at a cache-line granu- memory-access traces of victims on the same physical core. -
Mini-ITX Motherboard, with AMD Socket AM2 for AMD
Single board computer / Industrial motherboard www.ieiworld.com Mini-ITX Motherboard, with AMD Socket AM2 for AMD® Athlon™ 64, AMD® Athlon™ 64 X2 Dual-Core, AMD Sempron™ CPU with KINO-761AM2 VGA/ LVDS, Dual PCIe GbE, USB 2.0, SATA II and Audio 1 AMD® Socket AM2 Processor Industrial COM3 Dual PCIe GbE Computing 4 x SATA II Solutions IDE SIS 966 ATX 2 x USB 2.0 2 x DDR2 KB/MS COM1/2 VGA 4 x USB 2.0 Audio 800MHz DIMM 2 socket SIS® 761CX Embedded Computing PCI Solutions Infrared Interface SIS 761CX DDR2 800 COM4 PCIePCI-E 24-bit LVDS DIO Features 1. Mini-ITX Form Factor and RoHS compliant 3 2. AMD® Athlon™ 64, AMD® Athlon™ 64 X2 Dual-Core, AMD® Sempron™ RISC-Based Embedded processor with 2000 MHz HyperTransport™ technology support Solutions 3. Support DDR2 800 MHz up to 4GB Specifications 4. Support VGA, 24-bit dual-channel LVDS 5. 4 x RS-232, 6 x USB 2.0 and 4 x SATA II RAID CPU AMD® Athlon™ 64, AMD® Athlon™ 64 X2 Dual-Core, AMD® Sempron™ Socket AM2 processor with 2000MHz HyperTransport™ technology support System Chipsets Dimensions (mm) SIS® 761CX + SIS966 4 BIOS Industrial Data AMI Flash BIOS Collector/ System Memory Server Solutions 2 x 240-pin dual-channel DDR2 400/533/667/800 MHz up to 4GB Ethernet Dual Broadcom BCM5787M PCI Express GbE chipset I/O Interface 3 x RS-232 1 x RS-232/422/485 6 x USB 2.0 4 x SATA II with RAID 0, 1, 10 and JBOD 5 1 x IDE Video 2 x PS2 for KB/MS Capture Expansion Solutions 1 x PCI Digital I/O 8-bit digital I/O, 4-bit input/ 4-bit output Infrared Interface 1 x Infrared Interface by pin header Super I/O W83697HG Display Interface VGA Intgrated in SiS 761CX 6 24-bit dual-channel LVDS by SiS® 307LV (KINO-761AM2LVDS only) I/O Audio Communication AC'97 codec with Realtek ALC655 Solutions Watchdog Timer Software programmable supports 1 ~255 sec. -
Single Board Computer Full Size
Single board computer Full Size Full-size PICMG 1.3 CPU card supports Socket AM2 AMD processors with HyperTransport™ Technology and comes with AMD 690G and SB600 chipsets, PCIE-690AM2 multi-display interfaces, dual display support, four 3.0 Gbps SATA II interfaces with RAID and dual PCI GbE LAN 4 x SATA II DDR2 800 MHz AMD Socket AM2 6 x USB 2.0 TPM IDE FDD AMD up to 2G DVI-I VGA Socket 1 Infrared Application Server Platform VGA DVI DVI-I DVI-I ConverterCo Cable 2 Athlon 64/64 x 2 Features Single Board Single/Dual Core Processing Computer AMD® 64 technology delivers leading-edge performance Direct connect architecture with direct access memory I/O and CPU core within processor Higher speed, power optimized up to 8GB/S I/O bandwidth Hyper 3 Transport™ technology IBX Series Integrate DDR2 memory controller POS PC AMD 690G HD Audio LPT Dual GbE AMD SB600 Instant Solutions of AMD Socket AM2 CPU TV 4 (Support S-video, component, composite output ) Dual Cores Athlon64 x2 3400+ (Dual Core 1.8 GHz 35W) AFOLUX POS Panel PC Thermal Module Single Core Athlon64 3000+ (Single Core 1.8 GHz 35W) HD audio kit HDTVCABLESET-01 Retention 5 AC-Kit883HD Kit Video Capture Specifications Sempron Card CPU Socket AM2 AMD Opteron™, Athlon™ 64 X2, Athlon™ 64 and Sempron™ processors Features 6 HyperTransport™ Technology 1. PICMG 1.3 and RoHS compliant KAMIO 200 MHz, 400 MHz, 600 MHz, 800 MHz or 1000 MHz HyperTransport™ Interface RISC System Chipset 2. ECC DDR2 unbuffered memory support AMD 690G + SB600 3. -
CPU Benchmarks Video Card Benchmarks Hard Drive Benchmarks RAM PC Systems Android Ios / Iphone
Software Hardware Benchmarks Services Store Support About Us Forums 0 CPU Benchmarks Video Card Benchmarks Hard Drive Benchmarks RAM PC Systems Android iOS / iPhone CPU Benchmarks Over 1,000,000 CPUs Benchmarked CPU List Below is an alphabetical list of all CPU types that appear in the charts. Clicking on a specific processor name will take you to the chart it appears in and will highlight it for you. Results for Single CPU Systems and Multiple CPU Systems are listed separately. Find CPU Single CPU Systems Multi CPU Systems CPUS High End Single CPU Systems High Mid Range Last updated on the 28th of May 2021 Low Mid Column Range Low End CPU Mark Rank CPU Value Price CPU Name (higher is (lower is (higher is (USD) better) better) better) Best Value (On Market) AArch64 rev 0 (aarch64) 2,335 1605 NA NA Best Value XY AArch64 rev 1 (aarch64) 2,325 1606 NA NA Scatter Best Value AArch64 rev 2 (aarch64) 1,937 1807 NA NA (All time) AArch64 rev 4 (aarch64) 1,676 1968 NA NA New Desktop AC8257V/WAB 693 2730 NA NA New Laptop AMD 3015e 2,678 1472 NA NA Single Thread AMD 3020e 2,637 1481 NA NA Systems with AMD 4700S 17,756 222 NA NA Multiple CPUs Overclocked AMD A4 Micro-6400T APU 1,004 2445 NA NA Power Performance AMD A4 PRO-3340B 1,706 1938 NA NA CPU Mark by AMD A4 PRO-7300B APU 1,481 2097 NA NA Socket Type Cross-Platform AMD A4 PRO-7350B 1,024 2428 NA NA CPU Performance AMD A4-1200 APU 445 2969 NA NA AMD A4-1250 APU 428 2987 NA NA CPU Mega List AMD A4-3300 APU 961 2494 53.40 $18.00* Search Model AMD A4-3300M APU 686 2740 22.86 $29.99* 0 Compare AMD -
A740G M2L+ Motherboard
A740G M2L+ Motherboard • Socket AM2/AM2+ • Supports AMD Phenom II Series / Phenom Series / Athlon II / Athlon Processors • Hyper Transport Technology up to 2G • Supports AMD Cool'n'Quiet Technology • Supports BIO-Remote 2 Technology • Supports Charger Booster Technology A740G M2L+ Specifcation CPU SUPPORT AMD Phenom™ II X4 Processor AMD Phenom™ II X3 Processor AMD Phenom™ II X2 Processor AMD Phenom™ X4 Processor AMD Phenom™ X3 Processor AMD Athlon™ II X4 Processor AMD Athlon™ II X3 Processor AMD Athlon™ II X2 Processor AMD Athlon™ X2 Dual-Core Processor AMD Athlon™ 64 X2 Dual-Core Processor AMD Athlon™ 64 FX Processor AMD Athlon™ 64 Processor AMD Sempron™ Processor Maximum CPU TDP (Thermal Design BIOSTARPower) : 95Watt HT Support HT 2G MEMORY Support Dual Channel DDR2 533/667/800/1066 MHz 2 x DDR2 DIMM Memory Slot Max. Supports up to 8GB Memory ※It is recommended to use those Validated DDR2-1066 modules suggested by AMD INTEGRATED VIDEO ATI Radeon™ HD2100 Graphics, On Board Graphic Max. Memory Share Up to 512 MB STORAGE 4 x SATA II Connector 1 x IDE Connector Support SATA RAID: 0,1,10 LAN Realtek RTL8102EL - 10/100 Controller AUDIO CODEC Realtek ALC662 6-Channel HD Audio USB 4 x USB 2.0 Port 2 x USB 2.0 Header EXPANSION SLOT 1 x PCI-E x16 Slot 2 x PCI Slot REAR I/O 1 x PS/2 Mouse 1 x PS/2 Keyboard 4 x USB 2.0 Port 1 x VGA Port 1 x LAN Port 3 x Audio Jacks INTERNAL I/O 2 x USB Header 4 x SATA II Connector (3Gb/s ) 1 x IDE Connector 1 x Floppy Connector 1 x Front Audio Header 1 x Front Panel Header 1 x S/PDIF-Out Header 1 x CPU Fan Connector 1 x System Fan Connector 1 x Printer Port Header DIMENSION Micro ATX Form Factor Dimension: 22.5cm X 18.2cm ( W x L ) OS SUPPORT Supports Windows XP / Vista / 7 ACCESSORIES 2 x SATA Cable 1 x I/O Shield 1 x Fully Setup Driver CD BIOSTAR1 x Quick Guide FEATURES Windows 7 Compatible Supports Solid capacitor BIOS-Flasher A740G M2L+ OVERVIEW *The specification and pictures are subject to change without notice and the package contents may differ by area or your motherboard version! BIOSTAR. -
CPU History [Tualatin] [Banias] [Dothan] [Yonah (Jonah)] [Conroe] [Allendale] [Yorkfield XE] Intel Created Pentium (From Quad-Core CPU
2nd Generation 4th Generation 5th Generation 6th Generation 7th Generation 3rd Generation Intel Pentium III-S Intel Pentium-M (Centrino) Intel Pentium-M (Centrino) Intel Core Duo (Viiv) Intel Core 2 Duo (Viiv)/Xeon Intel Core 2 Duo (Viiv) Intel Core 2 Extreme (Viiv) Intel had the first consumer CPU History [Tualatin] [Banias] [Dothan] [Yonah (Jonah)] [Conroe] [Allendale] [Yorkfield XE] Intel created Pentium (from quad-core CPU. x86/CISC Microprocessors Greek penta which means (2001) (2003) (2004) (2006) (2006) (2007) (2007) 1st Generation Intel Pentium II Xeon Intel Pentium III Xeon Centrino is not a CPU; it is Begin Core five) to distinguish the Intel [P6] [Tanner] a mobile Intel CPU paired nomeclature brand from clones. Names (1998) (1999) Intel Celeron with an Intel Wi-Fi adapter. Intel Celeron Intel Core Solo can be copyrighted, product [Tualeron] [Dothan-1024] Intel Xeon LV Intel Celeron Intel Celeron [Yonah] ID's cannot. (2001) (2004) [Sossaman] [Banias-512] [Shelton (Banias-0)] (2006) (2006) Intel Core 2 Duo Intel Core 2 Extreme Intel Celeron Intel 80386 DX Intel 80486 DX Intel Pentium Intel Pentium Pro Intel Pentium II Intel Pentium II Intel Pentium III Intel Pentium III Intel Pentium 4 Intel Pentium 4 (2004) (2004) Intel Pentium 4 Intel Pentium 4 Intel 4004 Intel 8008 Intel 8086 Intel 80286 [Conroe XE] [Conroe-L] [P3] [P4] [P5/P54/P54C] [P6] [Klamath] [Deuschutes] [Katmai] [Coppermine] [Williamette] [Northwood] [Prescott] [Cedar Mill] END-OF-LINE (Centrino Duo) (1971) (1972) (1978) (1982) (2006) (2007) (1985) (1989) (1993) (1995) (1997) (1998) (1999) (1999) (2000) (2002) (2004) (2006) [Merom] (2006) Yonah is Hebrew for Jonah. -
Socket E Slot Per
Socket e Slot per CPU Socket e Slot per CPU Socket 1 Socket 2 Socket 3 Socket 4 Socket 5 Socket 6 Socket 7 e Super Socket 7 Socket 8 Slot 1 (SC242) Slot 2 (SC330) Socket 370 (PGA-370) Slot A Socket A (Socket 462) Socket 423 Socket 478 Socket 479 Socket 775 (LGA775) Socket 603 Socket 604 PAC418 PAC611 Socket 754 Socket 939 Socket 940 Socket AM2 (Socket M2) Socket 771 (LGA771) Socket F (Socket 1207) Socket S1 A partire dai processori 486, Intel progettò e introdusse i socket per CPU che, oltre a poter ospitare diversi modelli di processori, ne consentiva anche una rapida e facile sostituzione/aggiornamento. Il nuovo socket viene definito ZIF (Zero Insertion Force ) in quanto l'inserimento della CPU non richiede alcuna forza contrariamente ai socket LIF ( Low Insertion Force ) i quali, oltre a richiedere una piccola pressione per l'inserimento del chip, richiedono anche appositi tool per la sua rimozione. Il modello di socket ZIF installato sulla motherboard è, in genere, indicato sul socket stesso. Tipi diversi di socket accettano famiglie diverse di processori. Se si conosce il tipo di zoccolo montato sulla scheda madre è possibile sapere, grosso modo, che tipo di processori può ospitare. Il condizionale è d'obbligo in quanto per sapere con precisione che tipi di processore può montare una scheda madre non basta sapere solo il socket ma bisogna tenere conto anche di altri fattori come le tensioni, il FSB, le CPU supportate dal BIOS ecc. Nel caso ci si stia apprestando ad aggiornare la CPU è meglio, dunque, attenersi alle informazioni sulla compatibilità fornite dal produttore della scheda madre.