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Ncaa External Gender Equity Review NCAA EXTERNAL GENDER EQUITY REVIEW Phase I: Basketball Championships August 2, 2021 350 Fifth Avenue | 63rd Floor New York, New York 10118 www.kaplanhecker.com NCAA External Gender Equity Review Phase I: Basketball Championships TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................... 1 1. Review Process & Scope .................................................................................................... 4 2. Summary of Findings .......................................................................................................... 7 3. Summary of Recommendations ........................................................................................ 11 WHAT HAPPENED AT THE 2021 NCAA BASKETBALL CHAMPIONSHIPS .............. 14 1. Announcement & Planning ............................................................................................... 14 2. Weight Rooms .................................................................................................................. 17 3. COVID-19 Protocols ........................................................................................................ 22 4. Food, Meeting Space & Recreation .................................................................................. 27 5. Gifts & Mementos............................................................................................................. 34 6. Use of “March Madness” .................................................................................................. 37 7. Signage & Championship Atmosphere ............................................................................. 40 8. Fan Festivals & Other Events/Meetings ........................................................................... 45 9. Press Conference Transcripts & Photo Posting ................................................................ 47 THE NCAA’S ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE & CULTURE ..................................... 49 1. Division I Basketball Organizational Structure ................................................................ 50 2. Staff Size & External Support........................................................................................... 53 3. Communication/Coordination Between Men’s & Women’s Staffs ................................. 54 4. Men’s & Women’s Basketball & Basketball Oversight Committees ............................... 55 5. The Budget & the Budget Process .................................................................................... 57 6. Internal Gender Equity Controls ....................................................................................... 60 7. Recommendations ............................................................................................................. 61 THE NCAA’S LONG-TERM MEDIA AGREEMENTS ........................................................ 67 1. The History & Structure of the Media Agreements .......................................................... 67 2. Effects on Gender Equity .................................................................................................. 70 3. The True Value of the Division I Women’s Basketball Championship Is Not Reflected in the Contracts ................................................................................................. 75 4. Recommendations ............................................................................................................. 78 i NCAA External Gender Equity Review Phase I: Basketball Championships WHAT SHOULD BE DONE WITH RESPECT TO THE DIVISION I MEN’S & WOMEN’S BASKETBALL CHAMPIONSHIPS ................................................. 85 1. The Student-Athlete Experience ....................................................................................... 85 2. Recommendations ............................................................................................................. 86 THE NCAA’S REVENUE DISTRIBUTION MODEL ........................................................... 91 1. The Current Model ............................................................................................................ 91 2. Recommendation .............................................................................................................. 93 DISPARITIES IN PARTICIPATION OPPORTUNITIES .................................................... 96 1. Unequal Size of the Division I Tournaments .................................................................... 96 2. National Invitation Tournaments ...................................................................................... 97 3. College Basketball Academy ............................................................................................ 98 4. Other Differences in Participation Opportunities ............................................................. 98 5. Recommendation .............................................................................................................. 99 DIVISIONS II & III’S INFRASTRUCTURE FOR ADDRESSING GENDER EQUITY ................................................................................................................... 101 1. Background ..................................................................................................................... 101 2. Gender Equity Infrastructure .......................................................................................... 102 3. Gender Disparities .......................................................................................................... 103 4. Recommendations ........................................................................................................... 105 ENSURING PROGRESS ON GENDER EQUITY ............................................................... 107 LIST OF RECOMMENDATIONS ......................................................................................... 108 EXHIBIT A: SCOPE OF REVIEW ........................................................................................ 110 EXHIBIT B: ANALYSIS OF BASKETBALL FUND DISTRIBUTION ............................ 113 ii NCAA External Gender Equity Review Phase I: Basketball Championships EXECUTIVE SUMMARY On the night of March 18, 2021, University of Oregon basketball player Sedona Prince posted a video on social media contrasting the spacious room full of assorted barbells and other weightlifting equipment provided to the men’s NCAA championship participants with the small, single tower of hand weights provided to the women’s NCAA championship participants at the start of the NCAA Division I Men’s and Women’s Basketball Tournaments.1 Like the contemporary equivalent of “the shot heard round the world,” that video immediately went viral, and issues of gender equity at the NCAA took center stage in the news and the public consciousness. While the differences between the experiences of male and female players have been significant for years, seeing the student-athletes play in parallel COVID-19 “bubbles” at the same time this year shined an unprecedented light on those differences for the world to see. Indeed, as a result of the Sedona Prince TikTok video, even before the tip-off of the first women’s game, student-athletes, coaches, and the media began a very public, often photographic comparison on social media and elsewhere of the men’s and women’s tournaments in Indianapolis and San Antonio, respectively.2 Nearly every time, the women’s tournament fell short. As NCAA President Mark Emmert later acknowledged, “When you lay the men’s and women’s [Division I basketball] championships side by side, as has been made clear over the past weeks, it is pretty self-evident that we dropped the ball in supporting our women’s athletes, and we can’t do that.”3 Although the disparities at this year’s Division I Men’s and Women’s Basketball Championships sparked a wide-ranging public discourse about gender equity within the NCAA, college sports, and sports in general, gender disparity is not something new to any of these areas. The NCAA, for example, did not sponsor a championship for women’s basketball, or any other women’s sport, until 1982—more than 75 years after the association was founded. And even then, it opposed (ultimately unsuccessfully) the application of Title IX—the federal law prohibiting gender discrimination in educational programs and activities receiving federal funds—to college 1 Sedona Prince (@sedonerrr), TikTok (Mar. 18, 2021), https://www.tiktok.com/@sedonerrr/video/6941180880127888646. 2 See, e.g., Jason Gay, A TikTok Video Says It All About the NCAA Tournaments, Wall Street Journal (Mar. 21, 2021), https://www.wsj.com/articles/ncaa-tournament-womens-basketball-mens-basketball-11616344310; Mike Brehm, South Carolina Women’s Basketball Coach Dawn Staley Criticizes NCAA’s Mark Emmert Over Disparities Between Tournaments, USA Today Sports (Mar. 20, 2021), https://www.msn.com/en-us/sports/ncaabk/south-carolina-womens-basketball-coach-dawn-staley- criticizes-ncaas-mark-emmert-over-disparities-between-tournaments/ar-BB1eLXwG; Joseph Salvador, Tara VanDerveer on Inequality in College Sports: ‘I Feel Betrayed by the NCAA,’ Sports Illustrated (Mar. 20, 2021), https://www.si.com/ college/2021/03/21/tara-vanderveer-calls-out-ncaa-blatant-sexism-tournament-disparities; Juliet Macur and Alan Blinder, Anger Erupts Over Disparities at N.C.A.A. Tournaments, N.Y. Times (Mar. 19, 2021), https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/19/sports
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