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Download (25Kb) CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION In this chapter presents about background of the Study, statement of the problem, purpose of study, significance of study, scope and limitation, and definitions of key terms. 1.1 Background of the Study People have used the language for centuries, because language is one of the important elements to communicate with other people. Without language it is difficult to express ideas, feelings and desire. Language is also a social identity in communication group. Every community group has its own language. Language is essentially a set of items, what Hudson (1996: 21) in Wardaugh (2006: 10) calls ‘linguistic items,’ such entities as sounds, words, grammatical structures, and so on. A language is what the members of a particular society speak. According to Yule (1996: 239) sociolinguistic deals with the inter- relationships between language and society. Society influence the language development, so society creates new varieties of language. Dialect is a language society characteristic that use and understood by language speakers. Trudgill (2004: 3) stated that “dialect refers to varieties which are grammatically and perhaps lexically as well as phonologically different from other varieties. Dialect is also a term which is often applied to forms of language, particularly those spoken in more isolated parts of the world, which have no written form”. 1 2 Social dialect is varieties of language used by groups defined according to class, education, age, sex, and a number of other social parameters Yule (1996: 240). When various linguistic differences accumulate in a particular geographic region the language spoken has its own character each version of the language is referred to as a regional dialect Fromkin (2009: 432). Dialectical diversity develops when people are separated geographically and socially. Sumbawa language is a language spoken in the Western part of Sumbawa Island in Indonesia. According to Adelaar (2005: 20) in Shiohara (2012: 1), Sumbawa belongs to the Malayo- Sumbawan subgroup, which is a western member of the Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian language family. Zulkarnain (2011: 39) stated that language of the people as a form of folklore is everyday local communication language that usually worn by all members of the community began in a family environment to the level of the environment in which a person feels themselves belong to Samawa residents. Before the districts splitting into two districts, Sumbawa and West Sumbawa, Samawa languages spoken ranging from Empang to Jereweh. Thus Sumbawa vernacular language raises some folk group called the accent or dialect as Empang – Plampang dialect, Ropang- Labangkar dialect, Tepal dialect, Tongo dialect, Jereweh dialect, Taliwang dialect, Alas dialect, Utan dialect and Samawa Rea dialect. There were some previous research studied about dialect varieties, Rahman (2011: 26) studied about dialect varieties used by Tenggerese in Javanese regional language found several interesting result, first in kinds of vocabulary and in each part of speech contained of some vocabularies differences such as the word “gagah” mean “garden” in Tengger dialect but in Javanese regional 3 language word “garden” is called “tegal”, second was sound pattern used by Tengger people in regional Javanese language, Tengger dialect was generally different from Javanese dialect in Tengger dialect /o/ letter will pronounced /a/ and almost of /o/ letters will be replaced with letter /a/ but not all the syllables. Sari (2007:21) analyzed the difference dialect between Malayan of Sambas and Malayan of Pontianak found that the pronunciation differences between Sambas were on their sounds of [a] also [e] and vocabulary differences between Pontianak and Sambas are in some words. Wahyudi (2004:15) studied about vocabulary differences between Ngeko Cepu and Malang Javanese language are on some nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and the factors that caused the vocabulary differences between Ngeko Cepu and Malang Javanese language are geographical and social factor. Therefore, the researcher conducts research study on dialect varieties used by Sumbawa people especially in Sumbawa Besar and Taliwang, because those people have many difference of vocabularies in language used for communications and interactions, although between Sumbawa and Taliwang people have many differences of vocabularies those Sumbawa and Taliwang also have some similarities in vocabulary in language use for communications. The researcher wants to give contributions to sociolinguistics field in enlarging the knowledge concerning the development of dialect varieties. This research also supposes to classify the characteristic of dialect varieties, the differences and the similarities of vocabulary by explaining the factors which influence them that is why the researcher intends to find out dialect varieties used by Sumbawa people in Sumbawanese regional language. 4 1.2 Statement of the Problems Based on the background of the study, the problems are formulated as follows: 1. What are the characteristics of dialect varieties used by Sumbawa people in Sumbawa Besar and Taliwang? 2. What are the differences and the similarities of vocabulary used between Sumbawa Besar and Taliwang people? 3. What are the factors that influence the differences and the similarities of vocabularies used by Sumbawa people in Sumbawa Besar and Taliwang? 1.3 Purpose of the Study The purposes of the study are formulated to answer the research questions as follows: 1. To find out what are the characteristic of dialect varieties used by Sumbawa people in Sumbawa Besar and Taliwang. 2. To find out the differences and the similarities of vocabularies used between Sumbawa Besar and Taliwang people. 3. To find out the factors that influences the difference and the similarities of vocabularies used by Sumbawa people and Taliwang. 1.4 Significance of the Study Practically, the result of this study is expected to give benefit for people who live in Sumbawa Besar and Taliwang by knowing the characteristics of the dialect varieties and vocabularies whether similarities or differences in those area, in order to make them easy to communicate with each other. Furthermore, this 5 research is expected can be use as additional material for further research that examines about dialect varieties and also to enrich the reader knowledge about Sumbawa language so later they can easily communicate. Theoretically, the result of the study is expected to give contribution in sociolinguistic fields especially by knowing dialect varieties that exist in a certain soceity. In additions hopefully for English Departement Student this study can enrich their knowledge about vocabulary those are used in Sumbawanese regional language. 1.5 Scope and Limitation The scope of this study is the dialect varieties in Sumbawa regional language. Meanwhile the limitation of this study is the vocabularies used by Sumbawa Besar and Taliwang areas in Sumbawa Island. 1.6 Definitions of Key Terms To avoid misunderstanding, the writer gives the definition of the key terms used in this study. The terms are defined as follows: 1. Dialect refers to varieties which are grammatically and perhaps lexically as well as phonologically different from other varieties (Trudgill, 2004: 3). 2. Dialect varieties are ways of speaking a dialect in a particular part of country that contain some different words and grammar as well as aspect of pronounciation (Akmajian, 2001). 3. Social dialect is varieties of language used by groups defined according to class, education, age, sex, and a number of other social parameters (Yule, 1996: 240). 6 4. Regional dialect is various linguistic differences accumulate in a particular geographic region the language spoken has its own character each version of the language (Fromkin, 2009: 432). 5. Sociolinguistic is that branch of linguistic which studied just these properties of language and languages which require reference to social, including contextual, factors in their explanations (Downes, 1998: 9). 6. Sumbawa Language is a language spoken in the Western part of Sumbawa Island in Indonesia Shiohara (2012: 1). .
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