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Kulturminneplan for Svalbard 2000-2010

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Sysselmannens rapportserie Nr. 2/2000 Redaktør: Kolbein Dahle Forfatter: Kolbein Dahle, Hein Bjartmann Bjerck og Kristin Prestvold. Omslagsfoto: Foto K.Dahle. Vignetter forside: Nr. 1 Gallionsfigur fra Prins Karls Forland Nr. 2 Tomtodden Nr. 3 Advent City Bakside: (t.v.) W. Barentsz oppdagelse av Spitsbergen (t.h.) Den norske overtakelsen av Svalbard 1925 Grafisk utforming: Peder Norbye Grafisk AS Trykk: Peder Norbye Grafisk AS Opplag: 400 ISBN 82-91850-20-8 Longyearbyen, desember 2000 Publikasjoner i Sysselmannens rapportserie 1998/Nr. 1 Glimt fra et åremål - utdrag fra sysselmann Ann-Kristin Olsens rapport til Justisdepartementet for perioden 1995-1998. ISBN-nr. 82-91850-10-0 1998/Nr. 2 Avfall og avfallshåndtering på Svalbard - Status og forslag til tiltak. ISBN-nr. 82-91850-11-19 1998/Nr. 3 Ferdsel knyttet til turisme på Svalbard. ISBN-nr. 82-91850-12-7 1999/Nr. 1 Prosjekt «Steinalder på Svalbard?» - Revurdering av tidligere funn og resultater fra nye undersøkelser. ISBN-nr. 82-91850-13-5 1999/Nr. 2 Helhetlig plan for miljøtiltak i gruveområdet i Ny-Ålesund (Kings Bay). - Perspektiv på historie, kulturminner, industrielle etterlatenskaper, forsøpling og forurensing. ISBN-nr. 82-91850-17-8 1999/Nr 3 Overvåking av kulturmiljø på Svalbard. Målsetting, metode, lokaliteter og overvåking. ISBN-nr 82-91850-18-6. 2000/Nr 1 Kulturminneplan for Svalbard 2001-2010. ISBN 82-91850-20-8 2000/Nr 2 Det teknisk- industrielle kulturmiljøet i Longyearbyen og omegn. Verne- og utviklingsplan. ISBN 82-91850-19-4 Rapportene kan bestilles fra Sysselmannen på Svalbard N-9171 Longyearbyen Tlf. 79 02 43 00 Fax. 79 02 11 66 [email protected] Sysselmannens rapportserie Nr. 2/2000 Kulturminneplan for Svalbard 2000-2010 FORORD Denne planen er revidert med utgangspunkt i den første kulturminneplanen for Svalbard (1993). Denne ble i sin tid skrevet av Lisen Roll som var den første «overvintrende» kultur- minnekonsulent hos Sysselmannen på Svalbard. Den første kulturminneplanen var laget i samarbeid med Riksantikvaren og Tromsø Museum. Innspill som gjaldt kulturminner med tilknytning til vesteuropeisk hvalfangst og russisk fangst ble utarbeidet av Tora Hultgreen ved Tromsø Museum. Fra 1998 har kulturminneplanen vært gjenstand for en omfattende revisjon. Den reviderte planen tar hensyn til de store endringene innen saksfeltet de siste årene, bl.a. som følge av St meld 22 (1994-95) Om miljøvern på Svalbard. Denne meldingen la også grunnlaget for en ny organisering, der kulturminnevernet siden 1996 har inngått som en integrert del av Miljøvernavdelingen hos Sysselmannen på Svalbard. En rulleringsprosess ble gjennomført i 1998. De merknadene som kom inn i denne forbindelse har vært viktige for det videre arbeidet med denne planen. I tillegg til å oppdatere kulturminne- planen fra 1993 inneholder den reviderte planen flere nye avsnitt, bl.a. om miljøovervåking av kulturminner og informasjon. I samråd med Riksantikvaren er det dessuten bestemt at plan- horisonten for den reviderte planen nå er blitt utvidet fra 5 til 10 år (2001-2010). Denne planen er i mindre grad en detaljplan for tiltak og mer blitt utformet som en plan som angir hovedlinjer og prioriteringsrekkefølge for den generelle forvaltningen av kulturminner og kulturmiljø på Svalbard. Innenfor denne rammen vil det for det enkelte år bli laget oversikter over aktiviteter og tiltak som kan bidra til å oppfylle målene i planen. Dessuten vil det fortsatt være aktuelt å utarbeide mer detaljerte temaplaner, eksempelvis en egen verne- og utviklingsplan for det teknisk-industrielle kulturmiljø i Longyearbyen. Planen gir en statusrapport for og en evaluering av kulturminnene og kulturminnevernet på Svalbard. Planen drøfter strategiske valg og lister opp prioriterte hovedtiltak for plan- perioden. Vi nevner for ordens skyld at planen ikke er juridisk bindende og at gjennomføringen av tiltak i stor grad vil avhenge av de årlige budsjettildelinger. En rekke enkeltpersoner og institusjoner har bidratt med innspill og kommentarer til den reviderte planen. Hos Sysselmannen har følgende kulturminnekonsulenter sammen stått for de faglige vurderingene og skrivearbeidet med planen: Hein B. Bjerck (hovedforfatter for kapitlene 3 og 5 samt temaene Svalbards arkeologi og overvåking av kulturminner), Kristin Prestvold (beskrivelse av jernalderprosjektet og oppdatering av planen innen temaene arkeologi og miljøovervåking) samt Kolbein Dahle (temaene bygningsvern og bygninger samt de deler av kapittel 5 som gjelder informasjon, foto og film). Dahle har dessuten stått ansvarlig for tilretteleggingen av alt billedmateriale samt redigeringen av arbeidet. Hoveddelen av arbeidet med planen pågikk var Ottar Krohn miljøvernsjef hos Sysselmannen. Han var en engasjert inspirator og pådriver i prosessen. Flere prosjekter har bidratt med stoff og informasjon til planen. Her skal ingen være nevnt og ingen glemt, forøvrig vises det til fotnoter og litteraturliste. 3 Sysselmannens rapportserie Nr. 2/2000 Kulturminneplan for Svalbard 2000-2010 Underveis i arbeidet har spesielt medarbeidere hos Riksantikvaren bidratt med å gjennomgå de ulike deler av planen og gitt verdifulle innspill og kommentarer. Planutkastet har også vært forelagt, det interndepartementale polarutvalg. Deretter har planen vært forelagt Riksantikvaren til faglig godkjenning. De senere års erfaringer med forvaltning av kulturminnene på Svalbard, bl.a. når det gjelder brudd på kulturminneforskriften, har vist at behovet for å informere bredt om kulturmiljø og kulturminner blir stadig viktigere. Mens den første kulturminneplanen for Svalbard var unntatt offentlighet, gjøres denne planen derfor offentlig tilgjengelig ved at den trykkes som egen rapport i Sysselmannens rapportserie. Informasjon som av forskjellige grunner er nødvendig å unnta offentlighet er tatt inn i egne dokument. Vi vil med dette takke alle som på ulike vis har bidratt til Sysselmannens arbeid med planen. Til slutt en liten oppfordring: Et så stort og innholdsrikt dokument som dette vil uunngåelig være beheftet med en og annen feil. Vi vil derfor henstille om at oppdagelse av feil eller mangler blir meldt inn til Sysselmannens miljøvernavdeling. Dette vil bidra til at kunnskaps- og beslutningsunderlaget for den videre forvaltningen av Svalbards kulturminner hele tiden kan være så godt som mulig. Longyearbyen i desember 2000 Carl Erik Kilander miljøvernsjef 4 Sysselmannens rapportserie Nr. 2/2000 Kulturminneplan for Svalbard 2000-2010 INNHOLD FORORD ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 3 INNHOLD ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5 1. INNLEDNING .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7 1.1. MÅLSETTING .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 8 1.2 MILJØ OG KULTURMINNEVERNET SOM EN DEL AV SVALBARD-POLITIKKEN ............ 9 Oppfølging .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10 1.2. KULTURMINNEVERNETS UTVIKLING PÅ SVALBARD .............................................................................. 11 1.2.1. Suverenitet og forvaltning ...................................................................................................................................................... 11 1.2.2. Organisering ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 13 1.2.3. Planlegging .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 14 1.3 Rammebetingelser og særtrekk ......................................................................................................................................................... 15 1.3.1. Natur og klima .................................................................................................................................................................................. 16 1.3.2. Infrastruktur ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 16 2. HISTORIE OG KULTURMINNER PÅ SVALBARD .......................................................................................... 17 2.1. HISTORIE ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 17 2.1.1. Forhistorisk tid og middelalder .......................................................................................................................................... 17 2.1.2. Oppdagelsen av Svalbard eller Spitsbergen
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  • Variability of Fast-Ice Thickness in Spitsbergen Fjords

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    Annals of Glaciology 44 2006 231 Variability of fast-ice thickness in Spitsbergen fjords Sebastian GERLAND, Richard HALL* Norwegian Polar Institute, Polar Environmental Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT. Detailed measurements of sea-ice thickness and snow on sea ice were recorded at different locations in fjords along the western coast of Spitsbergen, the largest island in the Svalbard archipelago, in 2004. Data corresponding to the ice situation before and after melt onset were collected for Kongsfjorden and Van Mijenfjorden, while Hornsund was investigated once during early spring. Profiles of total thickness (snow plus ice thickness) were measured, together with some snow-thickness measure- ments. Total thicknesses were measured with a portable electromagnetic instrument and at selected sites by drilling. The three fjords show some differences in measured thicknesses, connected to individual conditions. However, total thickness does not differ substantially between the three fjords before melt onset. The modal total thickness for all three fjords before melt onset was 1.075 m, and the corresponding modal snow thickness was 0.225 m (bin width 0.05 m). Long-term Kongsfjorden ice-thickness data since 1997 show that the maximum ice thickness varies significantly interannually, as observed at other Arctic sites. The average maximum ice thickness for Kongsfjorden was 0.71 m (years 1997–98, 2000 and 2002–05), and the respective average maximum snow thickness was 0.22 m. In Kongsfjorden, 2004 was the year with highest maximum total thickness and snow thickness relative to the other years. INTRODUCTION Characteristics of fast-ice formation and evolution in The variability, distribution and trends of sea-ice thickness Kongsfjorden differ from those in most other high-Arctic are central issues in current polar climate research (e.g.
  • Written Exam SH-201 the History of Svalbard the University Centre in Svalbard, Monday 6 February 2012

    Written Exam SH-201 the History of Svalbard the University Centre in Svalbard, Monday 6 February 2012

    Written exam SH-201 The History of Svalbard The University Centre in Svalbard, Monday 6 February 2012 The exam is a 3 hour written test. It consists of two parts: Part I is a multiple choice test of factual knowledge. Note: This sheet with answers to part I shall be handed in. Part II (see below) is an essay part where you write extensively about one of two alternative subjects. No aids except dictionary are permitted. You may answer in English, Norwegian, Swedish or Danish. 1 2 Part I counts approximately /3 and part II counts /3 of the grade at the evaluation, but adjustment may take place. Both parts must be passed in order to pass the whole exam. Part I: Multiple choice test. Make only one cross for each question. In what year was Bjørnøya discovered by Willem 1. 1569 1596 1603 Barentsz? 2. When did land-based whaling end on Svalbard? ca. 1630 ca. 1680 ca. 1720 Which geographical region did most Russian 3. Pechora Murmansk White Sea hunters and trappers come from? When did Norwegian hunters and trappers start 4. ca. 1700 the 1750s the 1820s going to Svalbard regularly? From when dates the first map to show the whole 5. 1598 1714 1872 Svalbard archipelago? A famous scientific expedition visited Svalbard in 6. Chichagov Fram 1838–39. Which name is it known under? Recherche Svalbard was for a long time a no man’s land. In 7. Norway Sweden Russia 1871, who took an initiative to annex the islands? 8. When did Norway formally take over sovereignty? 1916 1920 1925 When was the Sysselmann (Governor of Svalbard) 9.