Final Report on Environmental Impact of Fly Ash Disposal Sites of Major
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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF FLY ASH DISPOSAL SITES OF MAJOR THERMAL POWER PLANTS IN ODISHA Submitted to STATE POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD ODISHA A/118, Nilakanthanagar, Bhubaneswar – 751 012 VEER SURENDRA SAI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY BURLA Sambalpur, Odisha -768018 March, 2018 Environmental Impact of Fly Ash Disposal Sites of Major Thermal Power Plants in Odisha Submitted to STATE POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD ODISHA A/118, Nilakanthanagar, Bhubaneswar – 751 012 Prepared by VEER SURENDRA SAI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY BURLA SAMBALPUR-768 018, ODISHA March, 2018 DISCLAIMER The report on “Environmental impact of fly ash disposal sites of major Thermal Power Plants in Odisha” has been produced by Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology(VSSUT) Burla in accordance with the terms of reference of State Pollution Control Board, Odisha. The views expressed in this Report are not necessarily the views of the State Pollution Control Board, Odisha. The information contained in this Report have been prepared by the team of the VSSUT from the analysis of fly ash, water collected from different fly ash disposal sites of Odisha. SPCB Odisha does not express an opinion as to the accuracy or completeness of the information provided. All efforts have been made to make the information as accurate as possible. However, no liability is accepted in any event for any damages, including accidental or consequential damages or otherwise in connection with or arising out of the use of the data/information contained in this project. The Information contained in this Report has not been subject to an audit. VSSUT Burla i ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We take this opportunity to express our sincere thanks to: State Pollution Control Board, Odisha, Bhubaneswar for giving us an opportunity to carry out the project in various Thermal Power Plants of Odisha, Member Secretary SPCB Odisha, Dr. D. K. Behera Sr. Env. Scientist (L-1) SPCB Odisha, Er. S. K. Mishra, Er. B. Mallick, Consultants, FARC Odisha for extending possible help for the successful completion of the project. Hon’ble Vice Chancellor, VSSUT Burla for his continuous help, advice, encouragement, support and guidance during all stages of the project to bring up the work to this conclusive end. All Regional Officers of State Pollution Control Board Odisha located at Rourkela, Sambalpur, Anugul for their continuous support and help to conduct the study. All Heads/ Plant-in-Charges/Directors/Engineers of the Thermal Power Plants for their support, irrespective of days and time including Saturday, Sunday and holidays. The help and cooperation received from I.I.T., Bhubaneswar are thankfully acknowledged. Our faculty members including Prof. S K Patro, HoD, Department of Civil Engineering. All other staff members of Civil Engineering Department, VSSUT, Burla for their needful help in completing the work in time. At last but not the least, we would like to express our special thanks to Vice-Chancellor, VSSUT Burla, Chairman, Member Secretary of State Pollution Control Board, Odisha, for providing all administrative support and guidance to complete the project. Dr. C. R. Mohanty Dr. R. R. Dash Dr. P. K. Pradhan iii iv CONTENTS Disclaimer i Acknowledgement iii Contents v List of Tables ix List of Figures xiii Abbreviation xvii Chapter 1 Introduction and methodology 1 - 8 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Scope of study 3 1.3 Objective of the EIA Study 5 1.4 Methodology of study 6 1.5 Analysis procedure 6 Chapter 2 National Aluminium Company Ltd, Angul 9 - 28 2.1 Introduction 9 2.2 Ash management 9 2.3 Sampling locations 13 2.4 Results and discussion 15 2.4.1 Physical Properties 15 2.4.2 Chemical and mineralogical composition 16 2.4.3 Heavy metal analysis in water samples 16 2.4.4 Heavy metal analysis in ash and soil samples 24 2.4.5 Ambient air quality 27 2.5 Conclusion 27 Chapter 3 Talcher Thermal Power Station Ltd (NTPC), Talcher 29 - 46 3.1 Introduction 29 3.2 Ash management 29 3.3 Sampling locations 33 3.4 Results and discussion 36 3.4.1 Physical Properties 36 3.4.2 Chemical and mineralogical composition 37 3.4.3 Heavy metal analysis in water samples 38 v 3.4.4 Heavy metal analysis in ash and soil samples 38 3.4.5 Ambient air quality 45 3.5 Conclusion 45 Chapter 4 Talcher Super Thermal Power Station Ltd, Kaniha 47 - 58 4.1 Introduction 47 4.2 Ash management 47 4.3 Sampling locations 49 4.4 Results and discussion 50 4.4.1 Physical Properties 50 4.4.2 Chemical and mineralogical composition 52 4.4.3 Heavy metal analysis in water samples 53 4.4.4 Heavy metal analysis in ash and soil samples 55 4.4.5 Ambient air quality 56 4.5 Conclusion 56 Chapter 5 Bhushan Energy Ltd, Dhenkanal 59 - 68 5.1 Introduction 59 5.2 Ash management 59 5.3 Sampling locations 62 5.4 Results and discussion 64 5.4.1 Heavy metal analysis in water samples 64 5.4.2 Heavy metal analysis in ash and soil samples 64 5.5 Availability of quarry voids for ash disposal 64 5.6 Conclusion 67 Chapter 6 HINDALCO Industries Ltd (CPP), Hirakud, Sambalpur 69 - 84 6.1 Introduction 69 6.2 Ash management 71 6.3 Studies carried out by the TTP on impact of ash on environment 74 6.4 Sampling locations 74 6.5 Results and discussion 69 6.5.1 Physical Properties 74 6.5.2 Chemical and mineralogical composition 75 6.5.3 Ground Water Quality Analysis 77 vi 6.5.4 Heavy metal analysis in ash and soil samples 79 6.5.5 Ambient air quality 79 6.6 Conclusion 79 Chapter 7 Bhusan Power & Steel Ltd., Rengali, Sambalpur 85 - 100 7.1 Introduction 85 7.2 Ash management 85 7.3 Studies carried out by the TTP on impact of ash on environment 86 7.4 Sampling locations 89 7.5 Results and discussion 92 7.5.1 Physical Properties 92 7.5.2 Chemical and mineralogical composition 92 7.5.3 Ground Water Quality Analysis 93 7.5.4 Heavy metal analysis in ash and soil samples 95 7.5.5 Ambient air quality 98 7.6 Conclusion 98 Chapter 8 Ib Thermal Power Station (OPGC), Banaharpali, Jharsuguda 101 - 116 8.1 Introduction 101 8.2 Ash management 101 8.3 Studies carried out by the TTP on impact of ash on environment 104 8.4 Sampling locations 106 8.5 Results and discussion 106 8.5.1 Physical Properties 106 8.5.2 Chemical and mineralogical composition 107 8.5.3 Ground Water Quality Analysis 109 8.5.4 Heavy metal analysis in ash and soil samples 111 8.5.5 Ambient air quality 111 8.6 Conclusion 111 Chapter 9 Vedanta Ltd., CPP & IPP, Bhurkahamunda, Jharsuguda 117 - 132 9.1 Introduction 117 9.2 Ash management 117 9.3 Studies carried out by the TTP on impact of ash on environment 119 9.4 Sampling locations 120 vii 9.5 Results and discussion 121 9.5.1 Physical Properties 121 9.5.2 Chemical and mineralogical composition 122 9.5.3 Ground Water Quality Analysis 124 9.5.4 Heavy metal analysis in ash and soil samples 128 9.5.5 Ambient air quality 128 9.6 Conclusion 128 Chapter 10 NTPC-SAIL Power Co. Ltd. CPP-II, Rourkela 133 - 144 10.1 Introduction 133 10.2 Ash management 133 10.3 Studies carried out by the TTP on impact of ash on environment 133 10.4 Sampling locations 136 10.5 Results and discussion 137 10.5.1 Physical Properties 137 10.5.2 Chemical and mineralogical composition 139 10.5.3 Ground Water Quality Analysis 139 10.5.4 Heavy metal analysis in ash and soil samples 141 10.5.5 Ambient air quality 141 10.6 Conclusion 141 Chapter 11 Conclusion of the study 145 - 148 11.1 Findings of the study 145 11.2 Recommendations 147 References 149 - 150 Appendix-A 151 - 152 Appendix-B 153 - 154 viii LIST OF TABLES Sl. No. Descriptions Page No Table 1.1 Power Generation Capacity, Fly Ash Generation and Capacity of 3 Ash Disposal Sites Table 2.1 Location of ash disposal site NALCO CPP 11 Table 2.2 Features of ash disposal site NALCO CPP 11 Table 2.3 Details of sampling locations 14 Table 2.4 Physical properties of fly ash and pond ash samples 15 Table 2.5 Analysis results of ground water samples 18 Table 2.6 Analysis results of surface water samples 19 Table 2.7 Concentration of elements in ash and soil sample 24 Table 2.8 Comparison of pre and post monsoon groundwater quality 25 parameters Table 3.1 Location of ash pond 32 Table 3.2 Features of ash pond 33 Table 3.3 Details of sampling locations 35 Table 3.4 Physical properties of fly ash and pond ash samples 36 Table 3.5 Analysis results of ground water samples 39 Table 3.6 Comparison of pre-monsoon ground water analysis data 40 Table 3.7 Comparison of post-monsoon ground water analysis data 41 Table 3.8 Analysis results of surface water samples 42 Table 3.9 Concentration of elements in ash and soil sample 42 Table 4.1 Features of ash pond 49 Table 4.2 Features of ash pond 49 Table 4.3 Details of sampling locations 51 Table 4.4 Physical properties of fly ash and pond ash samples 51 Table 4.5 Analysis results of ground water samples 54 Table 4.6 Concentration of elements in ash and soil sample 55 Table 5.1 Details of ash disposal sites 61 Table 5.2(a) Inventory of ash disposal sites 61 Table 5.2(b) Inventory of Quarry-4 of Jagannath OCP, MCL 62 Table 5.3(a) Location details of sampling stations at Sibpur ash mound 63 ix Table 5.3(b) Location details of sampling stations at Karanda stone quarry 64 Table 5.4 Analysis results of ground water samples 65 Table 5.5 Concentration of elements in ash and soil sample 66 Table 5.6 Inventory of low lying area for ash disposal 66 Table 6.1 Location of ash disposal site at Hindalco 69 Table 6.2 Features of Ash disposal site at Hindalco 70 Table 6.3 Studies carried out by TTP on impact of ash on environment 71 Table 6.4 Fly ash characterization(Studies carried out by TPP) 71 Table 6.5 Soil characterization(Studies carried out by TPP) 72 Table 6.6 Ground water