Forjando a Revolução a Cultura Política Priista (1946-1988)

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Forjando a Revolução a Cultura Política Priista (1946-1988) UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA “JÚLIO DE MESQUITA FILHO” FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS E SOCIAIS - FCHS UNESP – CAMPUS DE FRANCA ALINE MARIA DE CARVALHO PAGOTTO FORJANDO A REVOLUÇÃO A CULTURA POLÍTICA PRIISTA (1946-1988) FRANCA 2015 1 ALINE MARIA DE CARVALHO PAGOTTO FORJANDO A REVOLUÇÃO A CULTURA POLÍTICA PRIISTA (1946-1988) Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação da Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho”, Campus de Franca, São Paulo, para a obtenção do título de Doutora em História. Agência financiadora: CAPES Orientação: Prof. Dr. Alberto Aggio O FRANCA 2015 2 Pagotto, Aline Maria de Carvalho. Forjando a revolução: a cultura política priista (1946-1988) / Aline Maria de Carvalho Pagotto. – Franca : [s.n.], 2015. XXX f. Tese (Doutorado em História). Universidade Estadual Paulista. Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais. Orientadora: Alberto Aggio 1. Mexico - Historia. 2. Mexico - Politica e governo. 3.Partidos politicos. I. Título. CDD – 972 3 ALINE MARIA DE CARVALHO PAGOTTO FORJANDO A REVOLUÇÃO A CULTURA POLÍTICA PRIISTA (1946-1988) Tese apresentada à Faculdade Ciências Humanas e Sociais da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Campus de Franca, São Paulo, como pré- requisito para a obtenção de Título de Doutora em História. Presidente:__________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Alberto Aggio Examinador 1:________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Marcos Sorrilha Pinheiro, UNESP (FRANCA) Examinador 2:________________________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Ana Raquel Portugal UNESP (FRANCA) Examinador 3:________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Carlos Alberto Sampaio, UNESP (ASSIS) Examinador 4:________________________________________________________ Profa. Dra. Adriane Vidal, UFMG (BELO HORIZONTE) Franca, 05de Outubro de 2015. 4 AGRADECIMENTOS Quando o doutorado chega ao fim é sempre uma vitória, seja pelas evidentes questões profissionais, como também pelas “libertações” pessoais. Ainda mais se levarmos em conta a difícil realidade brasileira da graduação e da pós-graduação. Por isso repito: é sempre uma vitória. Todavia, deve ser ela compartilhada com pessoas e instituições que nos ajudaram ao longo do caminho. Por essa razão, começarei minha lista de agradecimentos. Primeiramente, agradeço a todos do Programa de Pós-Graduação em História da FCHS – UNESP/Franca pela atenção com que me receberam nesses anos de pesquisa. Em especial, à Maísa Helena de Araújo. Estendo-me também aos demais setores da UNESP, pois alguns de seus funcionários acompanharam-me atenciosamente desde o primeiro ano de graduação em 2003; principalmente, Andréa Beatriz, Jacimar, Laura Jardim, Sebastião Granzoti, Valdinho, Viviane e Zé Livreiro. Agradeço à Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) pelo fomento à pesquisa em seus três anos. Assim como, deixo aqui minha gratidão ao programa da CAPES chamado Programa de Doutorado Sanduíche no Exterior (PDSE). Todos foram muito atenciosos ao longo do processo e os técnicos, até mesmo, me ligaram várias vezes para a atualização do mesmo. Indubitavelmente, a verba disponibilizada ajudou a amadurecer a pesquisa. Agradeço ao meu orientador, Prof. Dr. Alberto Aggio. Agradeço às exímias correções em numerosos artigos, trabalhos, relatórios e do texto final. Agradeço também à acessibilidade para quaisquer questões, bem como o apreço, a confiança e a preocupação; com respeito, afirmo que aquilo que me foi transferido em orientação será o alicerce de minha vida profissional. Agradeço à banca geral de qualificação composta pelos professores Dr. Marcos Sorrilha Pinheiro e Dra. Ana Raquel Portugal. Agradeço a atenção e dedicação de ambos à leitura do relatório de qualificação, contendo o primeiro capítulo, garantindo análises críticas que engrandeceram a pesquisa. Agradeço, sobretudo, pela sugestão da mudança do título da pesquisa, realmente deu outro sentido a ela. Agradeço à concessão de documentos históricos por parte da profa. Dra. Doralícia Carmona Dávila da Universidade Autônoma de Guanajuato (UAG), que com afabilidade compartilhou seus dados e trabalho de uma vida inteira. 5 Agradeço à carinhosa e respeitosa recepção do prof. Dr. Benjamin T. Smith na Universidade de Warwick, Coventry, Reino Unido, compartilhando comigo seus inúmeros documentos e reflexões acerca do período pós-revolucionário mexicano. Agradeço também às correções e críticas construtivas de Saúl Jerónimo da UAM, Azcapotzalco. Com certeza, elas me ajudaram a amadurecer e a compreender melhor o complexo período aqui analisado. Esse contato me foi viabilizado pelo querido prof. Dr. Carlos Alberto Barbosa, um exemplo de educação. Conhecer vocês me deixou muito esperançosa, pois vi que a academia pode ser sim um espaço de gentilezas e respeito. Estendo os agradecimentos aos colegas de pós-graduação da UNESP/Franca (e de fora dela), em especial, Bruna Campos Gonçalves, Camila Savegnago, Claudia Aparecida Francisco, Débora Leonel Soares, Elder Massa, Elisa Maria Verona, Helena Papa, Paulo R. Oliveira, Pedro Russo, Plauto Daniel e Renata Ribeiro Francisco. Agradeço também aos amigos de graduação e de fora dela, especialmente, à Amanda, à Bianca, ao Carlos, à Cecília, à Clara, à Claudia, ao Daniel, à Débora, à Eleonora, ao Elder, à Isabel Maria, à Janaina, ao Jackson, ao Jorge, à Juliana, à Lays, ao Levi, ao Leonardo, à Luciana, à Luiza, à Natasha, à Olésia, ao Pedro, ao Pedro, à Priscila, à Rafaela, à Raphaela, ao Raul, à Renata, ao Renato, ao Régis, ao Roberto, à Rochelle, ao Ulysses e às outras inúmeras queridas pessoas que provavelmente esqueci. Lembrem-se minha memória é péssima. Agradeço também às famílias que me receberam no exterior. Primeiramente, agradeço a querida família da Juliana. Adorei passar um tempo com vocês e vivenciar a rotina de amor e cumplicidade que estabeleceram. Como fruto dessa união belíssima, o amável e peralta Levi, que criança linda; e agora, há mais um bebezinho. Através de você conheci a batalhadora Paulina, que presente. Finalmente, agradeço à família da querida Isabel Maria Cobo, uma professora batalhadora e cheia de garra. Adorei conhecer sua família, a Alba e seus pais. Por seu intermédio, conheci muitas pessoas legais, como a Blanca Michaela, a Jane, o Javier, o Rafael e muitas outras pessoas. Agradeço também à minha família. Agradeço à querida presença de todos. Sr. José Luís Pagotto e Sra. Marlene de Carvalho Pagotto, obrigada por tudo. Estendo esse agradecimento aos barulhentos irmãos de alma e sangue: Ariadne, Bianca, Bruna, Gabriel, Igor, João Pedro, Junior, Natália Carvalho e Victor. Esqueci alguém? Espero que não. Os nomes estão em ordem alfabética. Então, gosto de todos da mesma forma. Quero que saibam 6 que são (todos, sem exceções) motivos de muitas alegrias, apesar das preocupações. Hoje compreendo que aprendemos juntos nessa caminhada de aperfeiçoamento. Por último e não por menor importância, dirijo-me aos queridos companheiros de aperto, peleja e risadas, Silvia e Thiago. Thiago, obrigada pela carinhosa companhia. Nosso mundo se completou com você. Silvia, meu amor, nada disso teria sentido sem você. Obrigada por existir. Obrigado a todos. Aline Pagotto Araraquara, 2015. 7 “A história, cujo objeto precípuo é observar as mudanças que afetam a sociedade, e que tem por missão propor explicitações para elas, não escapa ela própria à mudança. Existe, portanto, uma história da história que carrega o rastro das transformações da sociedade e reflete as grandes oscilações do movimento das idéias. É por isso que as gerações de historiadores que se sucedem não se parecem: o historiador é sempre de um tempo, aquele que o acaso o fez nascer e do qual ele abraça, às vezes, sem o saber, as curiosidades, as inclinações, os pressupostos, em suma, a “ideologia dominante”, e mesmo quando se opõe, ele ainda se determina por referência aos postulados de sua época.” RÉMOND, René. Uma história do presente. In: Por uma história política. 2° Ed. Rio de Janeiro: Ed. UFRJ, 2003. p. 13. “Busca e achado momentâneo de nós mesmos, o movimento revolucionário transformou o México, fê-lo “outro”. Sermos nós mesmos sempre é chegar a ser esse outro que somos e que trazemos escondido no nosso interior, mais do que tudo como promessa ou possibilidade de ser. Assim, em certo sentido, a revolução criou a nação; em outro, não menos importante, estendeu-a a raças e classes que nem a Colônia nem o século XIX puderam incorporar. Mas, apesar de sua fecundidade extraordinária, ela não foi capaz de criar uma ordem vital, que fosse ao mesmo tempo visão do mundo e fundamento de uma sociedade realmente justa e livre. A revolução não fez de nosso país uma comunidade, nem sequer uma esperança de comunidade: um mundo em que os homens se reconhecem nos homens e onde o “principio de autoridade” – isto é, a força, qualquer que seja sua origem e justificação – ceda lugar à liberdade responsável. Realmente, nenhuma sociedade conhecida atingiu um estado semelhante.” PAZ, Octavio. O labirinto da Solidão e Post scriptum. 3° Ed. São Paulo: Paz e Terra, 1992. p. 155. 8 PAGOTTO, Aline Maria de Carvalho. Forjando a revolução: a cultura política priista (1946-1988). 2015. 250 f. Tese (Doutorado em História) – Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho”, Franca, São Paulo, 2015. RESUMO A presente pesquisa analisa a cultura política priista mexicana nos idos de 1946 a 1988. O termo “priista” refere-se ao Partido
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