January 2012 SIPANews

National Identity and the power of perception SIPANEWS

VOLUME XXV No. 1 January 2012 Published semiannually by Columbia University’s School of International and Public Affairs

The quickening pace of globalization over the past two decades has undermined traditional national From the Dean identities and helped to promote ethnic, social, cultural, and even transnational solidarities that com- pete for primacy. More than 200 million people worldwide now reside outside their country of birth. Most of the rest of the world’s population now live in cities that are becoming more and more diverse. As the essays in this issue of SIPA News demonstrate vividly, individual identities and attachments are changing on a vast scale. In some places, of course, economic crises and political tensions have fueled a revival of nationalist sentiment against outsiders, but in most of the world, urbanization, education, and rising consumption are making people more cosmopolitan. In many places, identity formation has become an object of policymaking for national as well as local governments and of lobbying (or marketing) by social entrepreneurs of all kinds. Governments seek to reshape the attitudes of potential foreign investors and end up creating or perpetuating national or local mythologies, while cultural symbols and achievements, from ancient ruins and transnational religiosity to pop music and football (soccer), are being deployed by governments and non-state actors alike to create a sense of community (or of tension and confrontation) where it did not exist before. These are powerful trends, pushed along by the rapid proliferation of new means of social communication. SIPA, for example, is working hard to enhance and expand its own community of more than 18,000 alumni in 153 countries. A record number of SIPA alumni volunteered to serve on an enlarged Alumni Council that now includes active alumni representatives from around the world. You can find SIPA via Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, and LinkedIn, in addition to the Morningside Post (the student run blog space) and the SIPA web page, with its videos of timely lectures and conferences on the great public policy challenges of our times. SIPA graduates are also playing key roles in reaching out to all Columbia alumni. Karen Poniachik (MIA ’90), for example, now heads the new Columbia Global Center in Santiago, Chile. Karen is Chile’s former minister of energy and minister of mining. Ipek Cem-Taha (MIA ’93, BUS ’93), a well- known media personality in Turkey, directs the new Global Center in Istanbul. SIPA graduates also play leading roles in Columbia University Clubs from Beijing to Bogotá. Whether you are a SIPA grad or not, don’t hesitate to get connected.

John H. Coatsworth Dean, School of International and Public Affairs Interim Provost, Columbia University contents

FEATURES Inside SIpA p. 2 p. 13 p.22 p.31 p.35 Nationalism 2.0 An Island of Open Reconstructing the Faculty Honors Witnesses to History: By Ethan Wilkes Identity: Singapore Chinese Farmer and Awards SIPA Interns around and Long-Distance By David Borenstein By Alex Burnett the World Nationalism By Michelle Chahine p. 4 By Priyam Saraf Marketing Macedonia p.25 p.32 By Sara Ray Forever Young: Leaders in Global p.36 p.16 China’s Belief Energy: Seeking PhD Students Connect An Identity to Call Their in Its Own Solutions to Climate Change and p. 7 Own: Singaporeans Benevolent Rise Sustainable Energy Civil War Branding a Global and the Question of By Rebecca Chao By Alex Burnett and By Alex Burnett City, One Campaign Michelle Chahine Immigration SIPA Alumnae Direct at a Time By Crystal Neo New Global Centers By Andrea Moore p.28 Development through p.33 p.18 Football: A Vision SIPA Events p.37 p. 10 Nation for Sale: for the Balkans Highlight Emerging From SIPA to Iraq to Rebranding Murder Selling Sierra Leone By Behar Xharra and Economies and Martin Waehlisch Afghanistan: An Inter­ City: Mexico’s By Jennifer Wilmore Economic Priorities view with Carlos Terrones Fight to Change the by Michelle Chahine Image of a Battered Border Town p.20 p.34 By Nathaniel Parish Flannery Post-Soviet Identity From Recipients to p.38 Donors: Brazilian and Foreign Policy Class Notes Formation in Ukraine, Students Turn Compiled by Pat Jones Estonia, and Latvia Classwork into By Tim Sandole Real-world Policy By Michelle Chahine p.39 Donor List nationalism 2.0 By Ethan Wilkes

2 SIPA NEWS dentity matters in international affairs. How political, economic, or tory identity that can work in support of policy objec- tives. Many do so through the explicit connection of military power moves the affairs of state is easy to see. But it is what a product or experience with its country of origin. Ipeople believe and hold to be true—their identities—that underpins While not everyone can call Cape Town, Seoul, these power resources and defines their use. or Mumbai home, many can go on safari, own a Samsung phone, or learn yoga. The greater the From transnational movements to nation brands and even new nation- appeal of these products and experiences, and an hood, national identities are increasingly vying for international influence. individual’s awareness of their origins, the more likely They are being packaged for global consumption and exist inasmuch as that individual might be favorably predisposed to sup- porting, or even advocating on behalf of, a World Cup they earn international recognition. These identities represent a new form bid for South Africa, a free trade agreement for South of nationalism—what we might call “nationalism 2.0”—that is externally Korea, or a UN Security Council seat for India. oriented, inclusive, and participatory. Where the stakes are particularly high, coun- tries foster nationalism 2.0 less through links with Traditionally, the notion of a “national” identity States “has a responsibility to help stop the killing engaging products and experiences than through was wedded to the nation-state. It was an identity in the Darfur region.” Interestingly, according to appeals to the values of their intended audi- rooted in the common bonds that defined and unit- a CBS News/New York Times poll conducted this ences. In particular, new states such as Kosovo, ed a national constituency, such as ethnicity, reli- past fall, only 43 percent “agree with the views of South Sudan, and potentially Palestine have gion, and language. It was an identity that came as Occupy Wall Street,” a movement that ostensibly sought to win support for nationhood by project- a birthright, produced patriots, and fought “for God represents 99 percent of Americans and concerns ing identities that appeal to an American sense of and country.” It served as the je ne sais quoi that issues far closer to home than Tibet or Darfur. Wilsonian idealism. By casting their struggle for made Frenchmen French and Germans German. What Free Tibet and Save Darfur represent, in self-determination in a familiar ideational context, But anyone with an Internet connection is no lon- contrast to Occupy Wall Street, is the key tenet of they have succeeded in engaging significant levels ger a prisoner of geography; identities are no longer nationalism 2.0: identities that appeal to individu- of public advocacy in the United States to support accidents of origin. The ease of access to information als’ aspirations for advocacy and provide a coherent their aspirations for independence. and international experiences has replaced the tra- platform in which many can participate might have These examples stand in stark contrast to the ditional notion of a national identity with something a discernable impact on policy. Save Darfur proved no less deserving independence-minded region of more of our own choosing. For those of us who have instrumental in securing Congressional support for Kurdistan. There are many reasons a Kurdish state come of age with this exposure, our self-selected putting UN peacekeepers on the ground in Sudan. has not materialized, not the least of which are the identities are increasingly wedded to nations of like- U.S. presidents continue to chide China over treat- geopolitical ramifications for Turkey, Syria, Iraq, minded individuals rather than to nation-states. We ment of Tibetans, to the great ire of Beijing. and Iran. But Kurdistan, like Occupy Wall Street, are defined and united less by the national identities More than a few countries have recognized the has also failed to project enough of an externally we are born into than by the transnational identities power of nationalism 2.0 and are making con- oriented, inclusive, and participatory identity to in which we choose to believe. We are becoming scious efforts to package a coherent, consistent, capture a transformative level of global advocacy advocates rather than patriots. Our fight is increas- and well-communicated identity to the outside for its cause. ingly for cause before country. world through the use of a nation brand. Identity, indeed, matters in international affairs. Nowhere is this reality more apparent than in Some nation brands are small and product An identity that cannot travel, one that remains transnational movements like Free Tibet and Save focused, such as the Bahamas’ promotion of great restricted to its national boundaries, becomes the Darfur. That there is scarcely an elected official tropical holidays, while others encapsulate an entire tree that no one heard fall in the forest; its ability in the United States who would openly argue national idea like those for India and South Africa. to affect policy will be minimal. In a world where against either of these movements is indicative They might be used to raise reputations, as in the national identities are increasingly of our own of the extent to which the electorate has internal- cases of Ghana and South Korea, or change them, choosing, the ability of a country or cause to influ- ized these transnational identities as part of the such as with the states of former Yugoslavia. They ence events will hinge on its capacity to cultivate American national fabric. may be as explicit as China’s “Made-in-China” nationalism 2.0. This is a world in which success According to a 2010 CNN/ORC poll, 73 Times Square advertising blitz or as subtle as will depend less on the degree of blind patriotism percent of Americans believed that “Tibet Dubai’s steady drumbeat of positive, well-placed already existing at home, than on the extent of should be an independent country.” A 2006 business news stories positioning the city-state as an dedicated advocacy achieved at home and abroad. WorldPublicOpinion.org poll, conducted at the oasis of stability and opportunity in a volatile region. height of the Save Darfur campaign, found that These diverse nation-branding campaigns all seek Ethan Wilkes, SIPA News coeditor, is a second- 62 percent of Americans believed that the United to project an internationally appealing and participa- year MIA candidate concentrating in International Finance and Economic Policy. He is editor in chief

A Libyan woman poses with her face decorated with the French flag (left) and Libyan revolution’s colors of The Morningside Post and marketing director of during a march in Benghazi to support the international coalition on March 24, 2011. the Journal of International Affairs.

SIPA NEWS 3 A 12-meter-high bronze statue of Alexander the Great stands on the central square in Skopje, Macedonia’s capital. Alexander the Great was born in northern Greece. Macedonia is striving to prove that it has the right to claim the warrior king as part of its ancient heritage, which Greece re- futes. The installation of this massive sculpture is part of a cultural project “Skopje 2014.”

Marketing Macedonia By Sara Ray

4 SIPA NEWS hen I was with other Peace Corps volunteers These two sets of questions stem from Macedonia’s post-Yugoslavian quest for a cohe- in Macedonia, we played a game we called sive national character in the face of ongoing Balkan RISK. Styled after the board game RISK, ethnic tension. In 2001, Macedonia erupted in a violent conflict between ethnic Albanians Balkan RISK pitted the Byzantine, Italian, and ethnic Macedonians. Religious, cultural, and political issues hit a boiling point, resulting in a Greek, Balkan, and Austro-Hungarian empires conflict that functionally segregated the country Wagainst each other for total control of Eastern Europe. Marching my and left the issue of Macedonian cultural identity simmering. What is a Macedonian? Can ethnic sunflower seed armies across the map provided visual evidence of a Albanians living in Macedonia call themselves simple fact: the Balkans were a profound crossroads of empires. Macedonians? Are Macedonians exclusively Orthodox Slavs? What determines one’s iden- tity—ethnic culture or national citizenship? For centuries, the Balkan cultures have Albanians, Roma, and Turks who, together, com- With Macedonia: Timeless, the Macedonian absorbed the influences of empires north and prise about one-third of the population—decried government walked squarely into this quagmire. south, east and west. As a result, the nation that their utter lack of representation. Where were the The commercial series unequivocally shows is now the Republic of Macedonia has a culture mosques? The major Albanian cities? Allusions to Macedonia as a Christian and Western nation. that seems at once Turkish and Hellenistic, the 500 years of Turkish rule? Strong Hellenistic undertones, paintings of Slavic and European, Christian and Islamic. The Greeks, on the other hand, accused Orthodox saints, and ancient hillside churches are While this fermenting of influences has pro- Macedonia of overusing Hellenistic culture. significant and ubiquitous elements of Macedonian duced a varied national identity and an anthro- Over the past several decades, the Greeks have culture. But the absences speak volumes. Save for a pologically fascinating culture, the Macedonians become increasingly sensitive about Macedonia’s brief flash of Turkish writing, there is not a single of today are faced with a curious issue: how does use of traditional Greek (or Hellenistic) imagery cultural fragment of the Albanians, the Turks, or a culture of such diverse influence market itself and nomenclature. So when one installment of the Roma. Mother Teresa, an ethnic Albanian to the rest of the world? Macedonia: Timeless featured a woman feed- born in Macedonia’s capital, is completely absent. In the 20 years since the breakup of Yugoslavia, ing grapes to a man in a toga as he lounged in The video captures none of the vibrant imagery many of its newly independent states have dusted a pavilion with Ionic columns and nude statues, of Tetovo’s 600-year-old Painted Mosque. No tra- off the scars of war and made themselves attrac- Greece’s outrage was quick and pointed. Surely ditional Turkish dress, no smiling Albanian grand- tive tourist destinations: Slovenia, Croatia, and the Macedonian government, when funding the mothers, no Bajram feasts. The government-funded even Bosnia’s war-ravaged capital—Sarajevo— ad campaign, knew this imagery would be inflam- Macedonia: Timeless campaign not only alienates a bustle with Western Europeans in the summer matory to its southern neighbors. So why did it cultural segment of the country, it in effect erases it. months. Further south, however, Macedonia’s figure so prominently in the way they represented Macedonia: Timeless was not designed as a sprawling vineyards, craggy mountains, and clear themselves to the world? political piece but rather to attract tourists to lakes are glaringly empty of tourists. In December 2008, the Macedonian govern- ment debuted a commercial campaign marketing Macedonia across Western Europe, Russia, Turkey, and the United States. “Macedonia: Timeless” was a visually stunning series depicting the natural, historical, and cultural beauty of this Vermont- sized republic in the southern Balkans. But the Macedonia: Timeless campaign didn’t match up to the Macedonia of my experience. What stood out most was not the rich display of Hellenistic and Christian influences, but the total and resound- ing absence of Macedonia’s Eastern and Islamic heritage. The Macedonia I knew was not nearly as homogenous as Macedonia: Timeless suggested, and I wondered why the government chose to present such a one-sided view of its country. Apparently, I was not alone. Macedonia: Timeless drew harsh criticism from two camps: the Muslims and the Greeks. Both contested the video’s historical accuracy, but for interestingly The mountain lake Labunicko in Macedonia. disparate reasons. The Muslims of Macedonia—

SIPA NEWS 5 Left: Muslim men bow in prayer during the month of Ramadan inside the Isa Beg Mosque in Skopje, Macedonia, in 2010. Right: A young woman in traditional western Macedonian dress prepares to participate in a wedding procession the night before the Galicnik Wedding on July 14, 2007, in Macedonia’s western village of Galicnik. The traditional Galicnik Wedding is held every year on the Orthodox St. Peter’s Day.

Macedonia in the same way they’d been attracted slowly cropped up across the city center, trans- ects by intentionally using provocative methods to Croatia and Slovenia. But unlike those nations, forming Skopje from a drab, Yugoslavian-era city that have every potential to reopen old wounds. Macedonia’s crisis of identity, particularly that of into what it truly is: a European capital. The issue, then, is the validity of a consciously ethnic identity, is still recent, fresh, and unhealed. Skopje 2014, however, falls prey to the same formed national identity. Macedonia’s beautiful For ten years, Macedonia has struggled to unite criticism as Macedonia: Timeless. The capstone landscape has been occupied for thousands of years, two cultural spheres whose history has been tense statue of the project is a 12-meter rendering of has seen the rise and fall of dozens of empires. It has at best and violent at worst into one cohesive Alexander the Great, a figure whose birthplace absorbed baklava from the East and pizza from the national identity. is a fiercely divisive issue between Macedonia West. But Macedonia is a young nation still tasting While the government (currently, the ethnic and Greece. Other statues include leaders of the true independence for the first time. This newfound Macedonian–dominated VMRO-DPMNE) pro- Macedonian revolution against Turkish rule, Saints freedom has forced the nation to ask itself: Who am motes ethnic integration, its actions are less com- Cyril and Methodius (the inventors of the Cyrillic I? Who are we? And perhaps most provocatively, mitted. Macedonia: Timeless’ representation of a alphabet), and a 17th-century revolutionary killed who has the authority to answer these questions? Western, Christianized nation is VMRO’s vision by the Turks. In a nearby park, there is a monu- With the goal of increasing tourism, revitalizing the for Macedonia, not the country’s reality. Though ment to the soldiers and police killed in the 2001 country, and bringing Macedonia squarely into a the government denied any ill intent in neglect- armed conflict with ethnic Albanian militants. European future, the Macedonian government has ing Eastern and Islamic influences from the video, It is easy to attribute these omissions to a granted itself that authority. Macedonia: Timeless it is interesting to note how closely the release transparent political game and to cast VMRO and Skopje 2014 are the government’s answer to of this tourism campaign coincided with another as an ethnically homogonous villain, but this the question of national identity: whether they will government effort known as “Skopje 2014.” oversimplifies the issue. Macedonia: Timeless bring the nation into a new future of economic and Skopje 2014 is a government-funded project and Skopje 2014 are not fundamentally political social prosperity remains to be seen. whose aim is to give the nation’s capital, Skopje, tools: they are incentives aimed at revitalizing a much needed facelift. As the nation’s largest Macedonia’s economy and putting the country on Sara Ray is an administrative assistant in SIPA’s city, Skopje is competing against the likes of the map for adventurous travelers. Regardless of Office of Communications and External Relations. While Dubrovnik, Zagreb, Sarajevo, and Ljubljana— underlying political mentalities, any government in the Peace Corps, she lived and worked in Macedonia as all cities with an attractive mix of Balkan and should understand that ethnic tension or violence the programming coordinator of an interethnic and interfaith European styles. Skopje 2014 is Macedonia’s serves only as a repellant to tourists and investors. leadership program for young women. effort to put itself onto equal footing. Since It seems unlikely, therefore, that the Macedonian 2010, statues, museums, and monuments have government would invest in these tourism proj-

6 SIPA NEWS The Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain.

Branding a Global City, One Campaign at a Time By Andrea Moore Kearney, and The Chicago Council on Global Throughout its colonial history, Hong Kong was Affairs) ranked 65 cities with populations greater than a million according to “its influence on known as the gateway to Asia. But with the rise and integration with global markets, culture, and innovation.” Although traditionally global cities of other global cities in its region like Singapore, like New York, London, and Tokyo still top the list, other emerging market cities like Beijing, Shanghai, and Seoul, Hong Kong faced new compe- Shanghai, and Buenos Aires now rank in the top 25, and the authors expect the rankings to skew tition to its established identity. In response, the from the West to the East in coming years. As these simultaneous shifts occur—increasing city launched Brand Hong Kong in 2001 to secure urbanization and greater influence of the devel- oping world—up-and-coming cities are making its place as “Asia’s World City.” conscious efforts to compete for investment, human capital, and prestige on the global stage. Many cities have always had a particular Hong Kong is not alone. Increasingly, cities ethos or identity that required no formal effort to are making explicit efforts to employ the strategic develop. In their book, The Spirit of Cities: Why branding tactics of companies to stake their claim the Identity of a City Matters in a Global Age, on the world stage. This rising trend is indicative Daniel Bell and Avner de-Shalit examine nine of a new urban era and is due to two major shifts modern cities and their individual “spirits”— that are making the global identity of a city more for example, religion in Jerusalem, learning in important than ever before. Oxford, and ambition in New York. But in recent First, there are simply more people moving years, cities are increasingly moving beyond to cities. In 2008, more than half of the world’s organic identity development to adopt formal population lived in urban areas for the first time branding campaigns. Hong Kong launched its in history. By 2050, the United Nations projects formal brand in 2001, and other well-established that the proportion of urban dwellers will reach global cities have long pursued branding cam- nearly 70 percent. This migration has been paigns of their own, such as the ubiquitous “I called the most important since the rise of agri- Love New York” campaign. culture and the decline of nomadic living. There are different approaches to the strategic Second, most of these new urban centers will creation of a city’s brand. Some cities are pur- not be in the traditional developed economies. suing the “Bilbao effect” by building landmark In March 2011, the McKinsey Global Institute cultural destinations to remake their international published a report that estimated that 600 urban urban identity. Before the Guggenheim Museum centers generate about 60 percent of global GDP. opened in Bilbao in 1997, this Spanish city McKinsey predicts that this proportion will still hold of less than a million people had a struggling, by 2025, but the location of these 600 cities will be industrial-based economy. The arrival of the markedly different. One hundred thirty-six new cities museum was a lynchpin in its strategic interna- from the developing world are predicted to enter this tional transformation. In 2010, the Guggenheim group of 600, with 100 from China alone. estimated that it contributed almost 200 million Furthermore, the 2010 Global Cities Index euros to Bilbao’s GDP directly and indirectly, as (a collaboration between Foreign Policy, A. T. well as maintained almost 4,000 jobs. Perhaps just as significantly, Bilbao was a finalist for the mismatched with the vision of the city’s residents Richard M. Daley launched the Chicago-China World Design Capital in 2014, along with Cape and had little to do with grassroots initiatives. Friendship Initiative during a two-week visit in Town and Dublin. In less than two decades, “The city values and branding projects were March 2011, improving the international profile Bilbao has remade—even created—its global selected more for their relevance to Western of Chicago’s economy with the explicit goal of identity. Notably, another Frank Gehry-designed tourists than for their representation of actual making Chicago the most “China-friendly” city Guggenheim museum is slated to open in Abu ways of life of local residents,” Zhang and Zhou in the United States. Other initiatives, like the Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, in 2014, bringing write. Just as in the business world, building a C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group, provide an worldwide attention to the Middle Eastern art city’s global brand must still be consistent with international forum for city leaders to gather and scene and to Abu Dhabi as a global city. the city’s core values to achieve a long-lasting engage on global challenges outside national-level Other cities are taking advantage of major and successful outcome. discussions. While the C40 is currently chaired international events to catapult them onto the Moreover, a city’s global bra nd does not neces- by New York’s mayor Michael Bloomberg, the global stage. Rio de Janeiro is using this tactic sarily have to reflect the core values of its home steering committee also includes emerging global to the extreme, with the Catholic World Youth nation. Discussing Amsterdam, de-Shalit empha- cities like Jakarta, Johannesburg, and São Paulo, Day in 2013, the FIFA World Cup in 2014, and sizes that “It was an intention of the city several which is further evidence that major cities of the the Summer Olympics in 2016. Rio’s bid for the times, most recently in the 1910s and 1920s, to developing world already recognize the diplomatic Olympics, the first to be held in South America, allow as many people who wanted to live there, opportunities that globally branded cities enjoy. was—as its website proclaims—built around the no matter their religion [or] color,” despite the As the world continues to urbanize, one thing theme of “passion and transformation of a city and continued conservatism of Holland. Today, when is clear: cities are actively using branding and an entire country, fuelled by the renovation of the a city isn’t limited by its national identity, it has diplomacy for their own political and economic Olympic spirit, to project Brazil and Rio de Janeiro greater latitude to build a competitive advantage. gain. How successful these efforts are will depend to the world.” Rio is using these international Notably, despite its location in a politically conser- in part on the degree of independence and latitude events to broaden its global image and become one vative region of the United States, Las Vegas has that cities are granted by their state, regional, or of the urban gateways to the southern hemisphere. successfully built a global brand as “Sin City” with federal governments. But as Hong Kong’s branding As successful as some cities’ efforts gambling, clubs, and other adult entertainment. plan to become “Asia’s World City” attests, cities have been, the creation of an aspiring city’s While in the past city branding may have can increasingly present themselves on the inter- global brand can still be precarious. In March been primarily about attracting inward invest- national stage to tell the world what they are and 2011, more than 130 artists promised to ment and tourism, today’s efforts are increas- what they want—and not have to wait for national boycott the developing Guggenheim Museum ingly about positioning cities as active political governments to keep up with them. in Abu Dhabi because of labor conditions for actors on the international stage. On issues foreign workers. Such a controversy could very from terrorism to climate change, the leaders of Andrea Moore is a second-year MIA candi- well offset any effort to make Abu Dhabi a new world cities are engaging other mayors and even date concentrating in International Finance and global cultural center. national leaders in direct diplomacy to meet their Economic Policy. She is managing editor of the Beijing also famously used its 2008 most pressing challenges. Former Chicago mayor Journal of International Affairs. Summer Olympics to boost its international identity. However, in their 2009 paper, “City Branding and the Olympic Effect: A Case Study While in the past city branding may have been primar- of Beijing,” Li Zhang of Fudan University and Simon Xiaobin Zhao of the University of Hong ily about attracting inward investment and tourism, Kong conducted a survey about citizens’ atti- tudes before and after the Olympics. They found today’s efforts are increasingly about positioning cities that the top-down branding effort by the city government, which emphasized its vision for as active political actors on the international stage. Beijing’s development as a global city, was 10 SIPA NEWS Rebranding Murder City: Mexico’s Fight to Change the Image of a Battered Border Town

By Nathaniel Parish Flannery

Mary Korthuis, a senior executive at Genpact, a business process-exporting firm, gave me a ride from El Paso, Texas, over to her office in Ciudad Juárez—a place that is now considered to be the world’s most violent city. It sits at the center of one of Mexico’s most lucrative drug smuggling routes and has become a key battleground in the drug war. At night rival gangs and cartel assassins kill each other in the streets. Even during the middle of the day, there is no guarantee of safety. Hit men have summarily killed police officers underneath the afternoon sun. As we drove towards Juárez, Mary was calm. There were only a few cars ahead of us at the border crossing. “There’s a built-up anxiousness [about crossing into Juárez], but after you’ve done it for a while, it’s really no big deal,” she told me.

As we drove over the smooth highway over- negative perception of Juárez is one of the main passes, I could see the billboards for OfficeMax, goals of his administration. “Beating this stigma A volunteer rolls up a Applebee’s, and other international chains that is one of the government’s priorities, because photograph during an open-air exhibition near have come to Juárez’s modern shopping malls. Chihuahua is not a violent state, and its people the U.S.-Mexico border The streets were quiet, and it was hard to imag- are peaceful and hardworking,” he said. at Rio Bravo, in Ciudad ine that eight people had been killed the day The next day, however, armed men toting Juárez, October 29, 2011. The exhibition, which before, including a shoe shiner who was shot AK-47 assault rifles shot and killed Mr. Duarte’s is part of the global art in front of one of the city’s main supermarkets. main medical adviser while he was driving his movement “Inside Out” It was harder still to imagine that in 2010 more pickup truck in Juárez. The doctor’s elderly and shows thousands of photographs of smiling than 3,000 people were killed in Juárez. father was also killed in the attack. people living in Juárez, At a recent event promoting Juárez In Juárez, proximity to the United States has is meant to promote Competetiva, the city’s main economic devel- brought immense foreign investment and also a a positive image of opment initiative, Cesar Duarte, the state gov- rising wave of drug cartel-related violence. For Cuidad Juárez. ernor, told the crowd that changing the public’s both legal and illegal trade, Juárez is the perfect

SIPA NEWS 11 It follows President Calderón as he gives an American journalist a seven-day tour of various tourist attractions in Mexico. “We need to change the perception about Mexico,” Calderón says to the camera. As we drove through the security checkpoint at the border, Mary, the executive from Genpact, told me, “I come over every single day; there’s no reason to be nervous.” She took me on a tour of Genpact’s facility, through rooms filled with young people working at computer stations. The violence, after all, has devastated the city’s small business community, but so far it has left the export sector and the multinationals rela- tively unscathed. Sylvia Longmire, a former Air Force intelli- gence analyst and author of a recently published book on Mexico’s cartels, told me, “a lot of U.S. businesses are operating in Mexico without prob- lems . . . business is flourishing.” “Mexico is not a failed state,” she said. On another day, I passed through a secu- rity gate and met with Miguel Hidalgo, a senior executive at ACS, a Business Process Outsourcing company that employs 3,000 people in Juárez. He took me on a tour of the brightly painted red and yellow building, through a massive room filled with employees in their twenties, dressed like typi- cal college students in casual attire, wearing stylish t-shirts and new sneakers. Some of the young men and women had tattoos on their arms and hands. One tough looking young man, with short Top: Workers of an electronic assembly plant ride on a bus to their work place in Ciudad Juárez. Bottom: A man holds a bullet casing in his hand at a crime scene in Ciudad Juárez on February 24, 2011. Three girls, ages 12, 14, and 15, cropped hair and an olive green dress shirt opened were shot dead by hitmen on February 23 while standing on a sidewalk, according to the local media. at the collar to reveal a number of neck tattoos, stood confidently in front of his work station. “Sir, what I’m going to need you to do is go ahead and point of access. A border city that provides low- Local political leaders in Juárez have launched click,” he said calmly into the microphone on his wage labor and unparalleled access to the world’s a public campaign, often echoing statements from headset in an impeccable Midwestern American largest consumer market, Juárez has become a the country’s president, Felipe Calderón, in order to accent. Outside ACS’s office, I saw white corpo- city of stark contrasts. Gruesome murders have calm international investors and help build “Brand rate buses driving by, one after another, picking captured the attention of the international media, Mexico.” They want to highlight the fact that in up and dropping off workers at other corporate but Juárez’s business community is arguing that spite of the violence, Juárez is open for business. campuses and factories. Trucks rumbled by to line there’s more to the city than cartel violence. When I met Hector Murguia, the city’s affable up to cross the border into the United States. At a national level, Mexico faces the same chal- mayor, he was seated comfortably in his dark, By late 2011, foreign companies had signed deals lenge. “Restoring Mexico’s International Reputation,” wood-paneled office, a luxurious corner on an upper to invest $17 billion in Mexico, and Juárez itself has a recent report from the Woodrow Wilson Mexico floor of Juárez’s hulking, cement city hall building. attracted almost $600 million worth of investment Institute, a Washington, D.C.-based think tank, He slipped quickly into his sales pitch. “In Juárez from foreign companies. Mexico’s economy is pro- explains that in 2010, more than 80 percent of the we have the best labor force in the world,” he said. jected to grow by as much as 4.8 percent in 2012. stories about Mexico in the Wall Street Journal and the He focused mainly on telling me about the In spite of the violence, the factories that line New York Times related to crime and corruption. Many city’s universities and the high-tech skills of the the southern bank of the Rio Grande are expand- of Mexico’s leaders think that the shortage of stories factory workers. He chose his words carefully ing production, and multinational corporations about topics other than the violence is contribut- when talking about the violence. “The root cause are opening new facilities in Juárez. This is the ing to a perception that Mexico is a failing state. In of the insecurity is the absence of opportunities image the city is trying to promote. Juárez, the problem is even more acute. [and] jobs,” he said. The important thing,” he “Juárez continues to be a magnet for invest- Especially since 2008, when the global reces- said, “is implementing policies that strengthen ment,” Mayor Murguia told me. sion caused many local employers to cut produc- the businesses. ”At the national level, Calderón’s tion and trim their payrolls, city officials have branding campaign was captured in the govern- Nathaniel Parish Flannery is a first-year MIA worked tirelessly to rebrand the city, stressing the ment-produced documentary film, Mexico: The candidate. investment opportunities it offers. Royal Tour, which was released earlier this year.

12 SIPA NEWS Shoppers browsing through a market specially set up for Deepavali in Little India, Singapore. An Island of Open Identity: Singapore and Long-Distance Nationalism

By Priyam Saraf

haskar still remembers the day when the phone rang in his old family home in the north of Kolkata. “We are pleased to offer you a tuition grant to come study in Singapore,” said the dean of Singapore Management University. The Bgrant came with a contract to work in a Singapore-based company for three years after graduation. The decision was not an easy one. India was the only home Bhaskar had ever known—Indian his only national identity. No one in his family held a passport, had boarded an airplane, or traveled abroad. If he accepted the grant, he would commit to spending at least seven years in a very foreign country; if he rejected it, he might miss the opportu- nity of a lifetime. Bhaskar doesn’t like missing opportunities.

SIPA NEWS 13 NOTE: The names in this article have been changed at the request of the interviewees. People look out over the central business For Bhaskar, and countless other Indian in 1965, Singapore determined that economic district skyline in Singapore. immigrants to Singapore, life in the city-state success would hinge on its ability to attract the is an experiment in open identities. A person skilled labor necessary for multinational compa- can be Indian in his cultural habits, cuisine nies to consider relocating to the island. This in preferences, and choice of partner, but still turn would boost employment, driving the city- very Singaporean in how they approach a prob- state’s economy. lem, their predisposition for efficiency, and This is where talented immigrants like their views on the government’s role in devel- Bhaskar fit into Singapore’s impressive growth opment. This is a place where long-distance story from a Southeast Asian backwater to a nationalism thrives. global financial powerhouse. A good part of that “Singapore opened doors for me, while letting success can be attributed to Singapore’s open me keep my links to India,” says Bhaskar, now a attitude toward what it means to be Singaporean. graduate student at the Fletcher School of Law and A long-time resident and taxpayer of Singapore, Diplomacy near Boston. “I remember celebrating the Bhaskar felt he could choose whether to take Indian Independence Day while working on a policy up Singaporean citizenship or not. There was paper for a government agency in Singapore.” no pressure. He preferred to retain his Indian But when asked where he considers home, nationality, which he views as a ticket to par- Bhaskar pauses before answering. “I feel con- ticipate in Indian politics in the future, should nected to Singapore where my friends are, he choose to do so. And he is hardly alone. but I go back to India often.” He discusses According to the 2011 census, Singapore counts Singaporean politics with as much ease as he 62 percent of its population of approximately 5.1 analyzes the pros and cons of the education res- million as citizens of other countries. ervation system in India. Some Indian immigrants have chosen differ- After years of liberal immigration policies, ent paths. Padmini came to Singapore to study Singapore has emerged as a pioneer in both engineering on a Singapore Airlines scholarship practicing and defining open identities. It is an at the age of 17 and has lived there since. Unlike interesting strain of nationalism that is a product Bhaskar, Padmini decided to take the Singaporean of the city-state’s historical origins. With limited citizenship available to her. Her reasons were both human and natural resources at independence personal and professional. “I really like Singapore,

14 SIPA NEWS and my entire social network is in Singapore,” she nationalism are a reality they have selected for says. “Plus, I want to work in development, and themselves. having a strong passport like Singapore helps.” She In purely economic terms, Bhaskar and explains that as a Singaporean she does not face Padmini faced an unconstrained optimization the same visa requirements that Indian nationals problem: which national affiliation to choose while do for most countries. optimizing for multiple needs? How to define an Still, she retains firm ties to her native India. identity while discounting factors of initial endow- This past October, she married Abhishek, a PhD ment, family status, ethnicity, race, religion, and, student in metaphysics from her hometown of perhaps, even caste? Madurai in Southern India. Singapore has been smart to let them answer The stories of Bhaskar and Padmini demon- these questions on their own. As an island of strate the interesting interplay between personal open identities, Singapore implicitly recognizes choice and the extent of affiliation to Singapore. the weakness of geographic lock-in and the fickle Highly skilled immigrants who live and work in nature of national affiliation stemming from Singapore for years may or may not be inclined this reality, especially among the small segment to become Singaporean citizens, which mandates of highly skilled and mobile workers. Allowing two years of compulsory military service for their those who arrive in Singapore to obtain work and children. But this has not deterred Singapore from residence permits easily and define their level of promoting an open door policy that continues to “Singaporean-ness” on their own terms makes attract human capital from around the world to immigrants feel at home—and prolongs their stay meet its own developmental ends. in the city-state as productive contributors to the The result of this policy has been a population local economy. They become both inputs and that is overwhelmingly pluralistic in terms of the outputs of the local culture and norms. Little India, Singapore composition of its citizenships and a decidedly But not all Singaporean citizens are keen 21st-century view of national identity. Unlike in on keeping Singapore such an open place for the past, where the state could assume the affili- immigrants or a haven for long-distance nation- Allen is not alone in his views. But while ation of those born within its borders, immigrants alism. They feel this culture of open identities such concerns may yield political dividends, as to Singapore like Bhaskar and Padmini are able undermines the building of a unique Singaporean evidenced by some of the anti-immigration senti- to define new identities individually, which are identity and cultivating patriotism. “Immigrants ment surrounding the May 2011 general elec- characterized more by the sum of their parts than take away our jobs, but shy away from taking tion, the emergence of an insular or exclusive any accident of origin. As their stories attest— on responsibilities that come with citizenship,” nationalism in Singapore could prove not only Indian upbringings and Singaporean educations, complains Allen, a second-year Singaporean engi- damaging to the island’s growth model, but also a Singaporean passport and an Indian husband, neering student. ”Why is there a tradeoff between distance it from the city-state’s founding prin- Singaporean profession and Indian political growth and patriotism for our country? It’s unfair,” ciples of meritocracy. ambitions—multiple identities and long-distance says Allen decidedly. That fateful day Bhaskar received a phone call from the dean of Singapore Management University, he was faced with a choice. Would he enter into long-distance nationalism with India or not, even if for a measurable period of time? But as the experiences of both Bhaskar and Padmini show, this is a question many students in devel- oping countries face today. By placing few bur- dens on students, Singapore makes answering this question easier. Singapore is a place where those who cross its path can feel a sense of belonging and affiliation, while retaining strong connections with where they originated. The world has much to gain from Singapore’s pioneering example of open identities. By leaning toward a tried and turbulent form of ethnocentric nationalism, Singapore has much to lose.

Priyam Saraf is a second-year MPA candidate concentrating in Economic and Political Develop­ ment. She is MPA president for the class of 2012.

Visitors check out one of the immigration halls at Changi airport’s new Terminal 3 in Singapore.

SIPA NEWS 15 An Identity to Call Their Own: Singaporeans and the Question of Immigration By Crystal Neo

nternationally, Singapore projects the the furor generated by a disagreement between Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong addressed identity of a diverse country with an a local family and their immigrant neighbors. these concerns in a speech following the general open immigration policy and a multi- Local news reports on an immigrant family from election. During his annual National Day Rally ethnic population. A survey by HSBC China complaining about the smell of curry from speech in August, the prime minister promised to bank in 2010 ranked Singapore as the top a Singaporean Indian neighbor’s home led to the slow the pace of immigration by tightening curbs countryI overall for expatriates—ahead of Hong creation of a Facebook page that attracted more on some foreign workers. New immigration poli- Kong, the United Arab Emirates, and Canada. But than 57,600 members. As a demonstration of sup- cies will require potential immigrants to possess domestically, the results of the general election port for the Indian family, many said they were better educational qualifications as well as belong in May 2011 and activity on social media suggest cooking curry the following Sunday. to higher income brackets. Singaporeans may be yearning for a more unified With more than a third of Singapore’s total popu- This is in stark contrast to previous years’ national identity to call their own. lation made up of foreigners and permanent residents, National Day Rally speeches, when the govern- This rift between Singapore’s international image immigration became a hot button issue that enabled ment had tried to convince citizens to accept and domestic realities may have its roots in the city- opposition parties to garner record levels of support more immigrants into the country for the sake of state’s politicization process. In the past, a combina- during the May general elections. Although the rul- economic growth. Political leaders have often pub- tion of depoliticization and aggressive hard sell by ing People’s Action Party won a landslide victory, licly acknowledged multiculturalism and diversity the government fostered the view of Singapore as an the reduction in its winning margin revealed that as pillars of Singapore’s identity. In the January island of open identities. With the largest number of the influx of immigrants was a sore point for many 2011 book, Lee Kuan Yew: Hard Truths to Keep Singapore contested seats since independence, this most recent Singaporeans who remain unhappy over the conse- Going, former minister mentor Lee Kuan Yew general election saw a rise in the politics of identity quences of the liberal immigration policies. described the openness of the Singaporean iden- about who is—and can become—Singaporean, as This comes as no surprise. tity as accepting “that whoever joins us is part of opposition parties vied for support. The unhappiness over the influx of immi- us.” Chief Justice Chan Sek Keong has also spoken Immigration has long been an important grants had already begun to feature in the gov- of the multicultural nature of Singapore’s identity aspect of Singapore’s population and economic ernment’s policy agenda prior to the election. as defined by the country’s constitution. strategy. Since 1987, immigration has proved a A report released by the Singapore Department Yet, this form of identity hasn’t resonated with viable solution to declining birth rates and an of Statistics in 2010 details how the government Singapore’s citizens. Instead, they have rejected ageing workforce. The failure of other incentives has tightened immigration policies and started the government-driven narrative of Singapore’s such as tax breaks, subsidies, and cash bonus- to calibrate the inflow of new immigrants since identity and are beginning to assert their own es offered to address the demographic decline the last quarter of 2009. There were 59,460 new ideas of what it means to be Singaporean. As the resulted in an even more pressing need to increase permanent residents and 19,928 new citizens in “curry incident” suggests, this newfound anti-immi- the population replacement rate. 2009, in contrast to the 79,167 new permanent gration stance reflects a desire by Singaporeans to But a surge in immigration during the boom residents and 20,513 new citizens in 2008. differentiate themselves from non-Singaporeans. years of 2004 to 2007 affected many Singaporeans A 2010 survey conducted by the Institute of This process appears to be at odds with prior when the economic crisis hit in 2008. Since the Policy Studies also indicates discontent over immi- government-driven initiatives to promote an open end of 2005, the population ballooned by about gration. According to the National Orientations identity, suggesting that national identities cannot 810,000, bringing the total to 5.1 million. Many of Singaporeans survey, 63 percent of respon- be dictated in a top-down fashion. Rather, they Singaporeans say this liberal immigration policy dents or two out of three, agreed or strongly must be desired and driven by the people. resulted in crowded public transportation, more agreed that national unity would be affected by As a young nation with 46 years of indepen- competition with new arrivals for jobs, and fewer the policy to attract more foreign talent. This dence behind it, then, it is normal for Singaporeans places in choice schools for their children, as well contrasted sharply with the 38 percent who to desire a national identity they can call their own. as rising costs of public housing. agreed or strongly agreed that such a policy could The increasing voter discontent over immi- be a threat to national unity when a similar study Crystal Neo is a second-year MPA candidate concen- gration in the nation was best epitomized by was conducted in 1998. trating in Economic and Political Development.

16 SIPA NEWS

Top: Nicole Seah, a candi- date from the opposition Na- tional Solidarity Party (NSP) for the Marine Parade group representation constituen- cies (GRC), speaks to sup- porters at an election rally in Singapore May 4, 2011. Bottom: Organizers of “Cook a Pot of Curry” Facebook event Stanley Wong (2nd left), Florence Leow (3rd left) and Gabriel Yeap (cen- ter) eat curry with friends, at Leow’s home in Singapore August 21, 2011. The group organized the gathering in response to a media report about a mainland Chinese family who could not stand the smell of their local Indian neighbors cooking curry, in an effort to promote understanding, awareness and respect between differ- ent cultural groups.

SIPA NEWS 17 Nation for Sale: Selling Sierra Leone Perched atop a lush hillside overlooking that it is so safe, he walks the streets and per- investors and exporters and a joint chamber of colorful rooftops, bustling traffic, and warm sonally drives himself around. But he also real- commerce with the United States. Atlantic waters sits a billboard with a simple izes that the media’s constant description of What’s more, the government has cooperated statement: “Na wi country.” This is our country. Sierra Leone as a war-devastated country is not with the establishment of a special economic Signs like this cover the ground all throughout a misnomer. opportunity zone by a private nonprofit organiza- Sierra Leone. What remains unclear, however, is The war destroyed critical infrastructure and tion, which might represent the most promising how widespread this sense of national pride actu- chased away both investors and tourists, and model for attracting investors yet. Aptly named ally is in this West African nation. the economy has still not fully recovered. In “First Step,” this industrial park, located just out- The country has come to be defined by the response, Koroma’s administration has prioritized side the capital city, Freetown, aims to facilitate 11-year civil war it endured in the 1990s and attracting foreign direct investment as the key to foreign investment in Sierra Leone by reducing the devastation left in its wake. And although the economic growth. And the president understands the risks and costs for international businesses to conflict ended nearly a decade ago and peace has that to do so, Sierra Leone needs to undergo set up export processing industries. The govern- since taken hold, for many, the idea that Sierra some serious rebranding. ment has committed to providing incentives for Leone is a dangerous place still remains. The government has begun promoting Sierra these businesses, including exemptions on import As a result, when it comes to its national iden- Leone as a “land of opportunity,” as one of the and export duties, expedited customs services, tity, Sierra Leone seems to have developed a bit most attractive destinations for investment in and corporate tax holidays. of an inferiority complex. With nearly every news Africa, with untapped resources, a growing econo- Not everyone is happy with the government’s article written about their country highlighting the my, fiscal incentives, a natural harbor, and hospi- policies of attracting foreign investment, however. war, and considering Hollywood’s depiction of the table people. The government has also embarked Civil society groups accuse the government of conflict in the 2006 film Blood Diamond, citi- on ambitious infrastructure projects—building essentially selling Sierra Leone to investors and zens have become very mindful of how they must and repairing roads and investing in electricity sacrificing the interests and needs of ordinary appear to the rest of the world. production—and has focused on removing fur- Sierra Leoneans in favor of pleasing foreign com- None more so than President Ernest Bai ther barriers to investment by creating the Sierra panies, particularly those interested in the coun- Koroma, who is keen to change the perception Leone Investment and Export Promotion Agency try’s vast mineral resources. that the country is dangerous. He now claims (SLIEPA), which offers free advice to prospective “There is no point in throwing away your

18 SIPA NEWS Left: Soldier standing in front of Ministry of Tourism and Culture sign. Right: A gen- eral view of the countryside just outside Freetown, Sierra Leone.

Nation for Sale: Selling Sierra Leone By Jennifer Wilmore natural resources just because you’re in a hurry accusations of “land grabbing” have also begun you that the place is once again crawling with an to develop,” says Abu Brima, director of the to spread, touching nearly any investment ven- increasing number of foreign contractors. Network Movement for Justice and Development, ture in the country. For example, land leases to a But despite these trends, the most recent a civil society watchdog organization. Brima, like Swiss-owned company for a sugarcane plantation Investment Climate Statement from the U.S. many civil society actors, thinks Sierra Leone and bioethanol production plant have come under Embassy in Freetown indicates that Sierra Leone is needlessly missing out on huge amounts of fire this year by the Sierra Leone Network on the has not yet escaped the stigma of war. According potential government revenue by granting finan- Right to Food and by others. They accuse local to the report, “the devastation of the decade-plus cial concessions to companies. government officials of diverting poor farmers’ civil war and the daunting challenge of extreme “Sierra Leone has decided to give a lot of land to corporate activities without adequate local poverty continue to impact fundamentally almost incentives because we think we have to encourage community consultation and claim that the com- all aspects of Sierra Leone society,” including corporations to come. We don’t need that,” he pany has destroyed local water sources. governance, institutions, and critical infrastructure says. “Because whether we give incentives or not, In light of these concerns, it is worth asking like energy and communications. they will come. They need the resources.” whether the government’s attempts at selling To overcome these challenges, huge leaps are And in countries with weak government ability Sierra Leone to foreign investors are working. still required not only in nominally rebranding the to provide oversight and regulation, investments Over the past few years, the amount of foreign country among the international community, but by foreign companies almost inevitably carry with investment in the country has indeed been higher also in improving infrastructure, education, job them concerns of corporate human rights abuses. than ever. Inflows of foreign direct investment training, and fiscal management. Tackling cor- One foreign diamond mining company, Koidu exceeded $86 million last year, compared with ruption and putting in place protections for local Holdings, has been heavily criticized by human just $10 million in 2002, when the war ended. populations and environments affected by invest- rights groups for improper resettlement of local The fact that ground was recently broken on con- ments are also necessary to ensure that by selling communities, environmental destruction, and even struction of a Hilton Hotel in Freetown may also itself to investors, Sierra Leone doesn’t end up the shooting deaths of two local men by security be a sign not only of an improving tourism indus- selling itself out for good. forces hired by the company. try, but also of the number of wealthy investors Amid concerns of food insecurity in a soci- coming to the country. Any visitor to one of the Jennifer Wilmore is a second-year MIA candi- ety where most people are subsistence farmers, white sand beaches near the capital city will tell date concentrating in Human Rights.

SIPA NEWS 19 Supporters of Ukrainian opposition leader Viktor Yanukovych display his party flags, with a statue of Soviet state founder Vladimir Lenin in the background, at a campaign rally in the Crimean capital Simferopol, Ukraine, in December 2009.

Post-Soviet Identity and Foreign Policy Formation

in Ukraine, Estonia, and Latvia By Tim Sandole

kraine, Estonia, and Latvia have two their respective national identities, all of which came Ukraine “decided to recognize and institution- geopolitical similarities: each was a to fruition during the Soviet Union’s disintegration. ally give support to more than one cultural iden- subject of the Soviet Union, and each tity, even a national identity, in the state.” This Ushares a border with Russia. Yet despite Ukraine’s “Middle-of-the-Road” moderate approach stemmed from the makeup their proximities to Russia and their respective Approach of Ukrainian regional identity. Nationalist and experiences with Communism, the two Baltic states Ethnic Russians formed the largest minority in anti-Russian sentiments have historically char- differ remarkably from Ukraine in their policy of Ukraine, making up 22 percent of the population acterized western Ukrainian regions, notably in engagement with Russia and the West. Upon the according to the 1989 census. Throughout the Galicia, where the Austrian Hapsburg Empire Soviet Union’s disintegration, Estonia and Latvia Soviet period, it was common for Russians to tra- once ruled. This left a Western-oriented legacy aggressively looked west and embraced NATO, verse various Soviet Socialist Republics because in western Ukraine. Pro-Russian political val- while Ukraine looked west and continued looking of favorable opportunities provided to them by ues have been historically codified in eastern east, maintaining ties with its former master while the Communist Party. And even after Ukrainian Ukraine, notably in Donetsk, as a consequence of attempting to create a new relationship with the independence, ethnic Russians had no reason to many years of Russian Czarist rule. This regional United States and Western institutions. Why did fear for their well-being, because Ukraine took dichotomy spawned three political ideologies in these three countries, which were geographically a “middle ground” approach to policy formu- the Ukrainian parliament (Verkhvna Rada) at the similar from the outset of the post-Cold War era, dif- lation, where ethnic Russians and Ukrainians outset of Ukrainian independence. fer so remarkably in their foreign policy orientation? would be on an equal legal footing. Columbia The political left embraced the Soviet idea Their disparate foreign policies are a direct result of University professor Alfred Stepan explains that of Ukrainian origin belonging to an East Slavic

20 SIPA NEWS fraternity with Russia. The right trumpeted the respective native languages. Thus, a strong anti- Merje Kuus of George Mason University uniqueness of Ukrainians from the Russians and Russian sentiment developed during the Soviet argues, “it [was] because of the Russian threat was determined to break through to the West. But Union’s annexation of the Baltic states in 1940, that it is possible to represent European integra- the ideologically amorphous center, or the “Party where the Soviets were perceived as an aggres- tion as a measure for strengthening state sover- of Power,” eventually came to represent the popu- sive foreign occupier. When the Baltic states eignty. Conversely, and paradoxically, it [was] lar view and defined Ukrainian foreign policy. Any regained independence in 1991, Estonia and also through the notion of the Russian threat that time the political conversation veered too heavily Latvia had especially large ethnic Russian minori- European integration is constructed as danger- to the right or left, the Party of Power would even- ties due to migrations from Russia during the ous to Estonian [and Latvian] national identity.” tually bring politics back to the middle ground. Soviet era. In the late 1980s, Russians made up Eventually, NATO and the EU helped mollify Leonid Kravchuk, elected in 1991 as the first a third of the population in Estonia, and half the strong nationalistic identity feeling in Estonia president of independent Ukraine, incorporated of the population in Latvia. Eager to maintain and Latvia. The West convinced the two coun- many of the ideological facets of the Ukrainian their newfound strength, Estonians and Latvians tries that the security of Baltic identity was not national revival into his foreign policy. Kravchuk created exclusionary laws, ranging from discrimi- zero-sum. Swayed by this, Estonia and Latvia allowed Ukraine to become part of NATO’s natory language policies and citizenship laws, introduced major inclusionary changes to their Partnership for Peace Program (PfP) in 1994, an to discriminatory hiring polices that effectively original legislation, a move that was viewed favor- initiative that allows partner countries to build a barred the Russian minority. This was the result ably by NATO and the EU. Estonians and Latvians relationship with full NATO members. Ukraine of the traumatic collective memory Estonians and became convinced they could join Western asso- was then able to participate in NATO activities— Latvians internalized during the Soviet reign. ciations without risking their national identity and from defense reform to civil-military relations, They saw independence as a restoration of his- together entered NATO in 2004. education and training, military-to-military coop- torical justice, a return to Europe from which they In sum, while all three nations are contigu- eration and exercises, civil emergency planning, had been brutally cut off since 1940. ous with present-day Russia, Ukraine has devi- and cooperation on scientific and environmental With a strong identification with Western ated significantly in its foreign policy approach issues. As a PfP member, Ukraine was on the fast Europe, Estonians and Latvians were eager to compared to the two Baltic states. Ukraine’s track to becoming a full NATO member. seize any opportunity to move further away from dichotomous national identity has allowed it to However, the net effect of Kravchuk’s policies Russia. The economic chaos that characterized engage with Russia and the West simultaneously. made the Ukrainian left nervous. His right-of- post-Soviet states strengthened Baltic enthusiasm However, this simultaneous engagement has pre- center foreign policy contributed to his defeat in for joining what they perceived as the stable vented Ukraine from becoming a full NATO the 1994 election, giving rise to Leonid Kuchma, and secure environment of Western institutions. member. The strong Western-oriented identities the favorite of eastern Ukraine. “However, the new However, Estonia and Latvia were roundly criti- of Estonia and Latvia, on the other hand, prompt- president did not lead Ukraine back to the USSR cized by the very Western alliances they were ed them to energetically join Western alliances, and the dominance of Russia as many had expect- trying to join because of their exclusionary laws. namely NATO, in order to mitigate the influence ed,” explains Volodymyr Kulyk, visiting scholar at NATO leadership, in particular, made the two of Russia to the furthest extent possible. Columbia’s Harriman Institute. In fact, Kuchma countries’ membership contingent upon their maintained a moderate foreign policy course that changing course. Estonia and Latvia faced a Timothy Sandole is a second-year MIA candidate allowed Ukraine to keep a foothold in Russia dilemma: while greater European integration and concentrating in International Security Policy. He has while simultaneously raising its international status NATO membership were cherished goals, so was extensive experience working in Bosnia-Herzegovina with and profile by engaging with NATO. Ukraine individual Latvian and Estonian identity. They the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe maintained its status as a de facto participating feared that by allowing Russians more rights, they (OSCE) as well as the Commission on Security and member of the Eastern-friendly Commonwealth were putting in jeopardy their revitalized identi- Cooperation in Europe (U.S. Helsinki Commission) in the of Independent States (CIS), which Ukraine had ties, which had been suppressed for so long. U.S. Congress. joined in 1991, but Ukraine never ratified the CIS charter. This was advantageous because the country benefitted economically from the organi- zation without appearing to be too close to Russia. Similarly, the PfP strategy with NATO enabled Ukraine to receive inclusive security guarantees without being a NATO member. Therefore, the dual identity that became foreign policy recon- ciled both sides of the political spectrum. While Ukraine pursued inclusive policies at the outset of independence, the two Baltic states pursued an exclusive policy, energetically choos- ing NATO and completely jettisoning a security relationship with Russia.

Baltic National Security Arrangements During the interwar period, Estonia and Latvia NATO heads of state and government pose for an official photo at the NATO summit in Riga, Latvia, November 29, established a strong Baltic identity as a result 2006. Heads of state and government from the 26 NATO countries met for a discussion on transatlantic issues at the highest level. of independent statehood and retention of their

SIPA NEWS 21 Jia Ruiming is yet another college-educated person who has returned to rural roots to start an organic farm. He studied at an agricultural college, but illustrating just how few young people are going into farming, every person in his graduating class has gone onto another city-oriented profession. Even he worked for many years 22 SIPA NEWS as a teacher before deciding to give farming a try. Reconstructing the Chinese Farmer

By David Borenstein

he Gao family lives in Anlong Village in mopolitan, trendy urbanite is often considered of Sichuan Province. Their home is filled high “suzhi” or quality, while the old-fashioned with potted plants, orchards, drying pro- farmer is almost always considered low “suzhi.” Tduce, and the experiments they conduct The pervasiveness of this stereotype was apparent to make their home greener and more sustainable. in a traditional rural township in Sichuan province, They have developed a manmade wetland water where peasants said they were too embarrassed to filtration system, make their own compost, and use be interviewed because of their low “suzhi.” rice husks instead of soap to clean dishes. They sup- Policymakers, academics, and officials have pro- port themselves by selling organic vegetables directly moted temporary rural migration to the cities to to consumers in cities. Unlike peasants elsewhere in bring capital into the countryside and to “civilize” China, they have eliminated the need to migrate to villagers. The theory, as explained by the party cities and work in coastal factories. Their lifestyle is secretary of the township in Sichuan province, is part of Anlong Village’s collective effort to create a that the farmers can learn from urbanites and then new way of living in the Chinese countryside. return to the countryside and improve their com- However, China’s unequivocal embrace of urban- munity’s “suzhi.” ization in the mid-1980s has not only caused dispro- Unbalanced development and a decline in farming portionate investment and reform in urban areas and revenues have created a countryside where peasants economic disparity between the city and the coun- usually have no choice but to migrate. Reinforcing this tryside, but has also perpetuated a negative image trend is a national culture that equates the urban with of the village or peasant as backward and unmodern the civilized. As a result, most rural Chinese believe and of the countryside as needing urbanization. that migration is a necessary way of life—both for the Pervasive national discourse creates extreme economic opportunities it offers and the chance to prejudice against the rural population. The cos- improve their “suzhi.”

SIPA NEWS 23 This scenario has created a vicious negative cycle. In many villages most people of working age have left to work in cities, turning communi- ties into ghost towns with virtually only young children and the elderly remaining. Some villagers unable to migrate commonly join crime networks because of the few other local economic oppor- tunities. In many villages, sanitation and waste are growing increasingly serious because many of those who remain plan to leave as soon as possible and neglect their community. As villages slowly deteriorate, it only reinforces the perception that rural life is inferior and, again, furthers the neglect. However, peasants like the Gaos have devel- oped a method of economic production and con- ception of progress that are powerful challenges to China’s status quo. The Gaos operate an organic farm in Anlong Village. Working in a co-op with seven other families, they run an enterprise they have come A farmer and his daughter carry buckets of water to their drought-affected crops in a field near the village of Zhudong to call “Jiankang Shucai Peisong,” or Healthful in Hongchang County, Henan province. The severe drought in China has added to the hardship of millions of migrant Vegetable Delivery. It involves selling produce workers who every year travel from rural China to the cities seeking work. The economic downturn that has dramatically effected exports has meant that job prospects are much harder and as a result, the extra income rural families have directly to consumers while incorporating only enjoyed during the last few years will not be possible. sustainable and organic farming techniques. Once a week the Gaos’ eldest son, Gao Yicheng, deliv- ers produce from the co-op to multiple drop off- to Gao Yicheng, “progress should be defined by Across the Globe, a Nobel prize-winning Swiss points in Chengdu, 30 kilometers away. the villages themselves.” organization that assists women involved in activi- The co-op uses the term “cheng xiang hu zhu” Central to the Gaos’ vision of progress is a ties that promote peace. The organization named or urban-rural mutual aid to describe its opera- respect for their community. They have educated Qingrong one of its 1,000 PeaceWomen fellows tion. The Gaos explain this concept as a method themselves on sustainable agricultural practices and provided funding for her to attend workshops of economic production that benefits both rural by seeking assistance from environmental NGOs on sustainable farming practices. and urban areas. The model has proved successful. and self-study. For example, instead of using a Qingrong believes that prevailing attitudes The Gaos are able to support themselves through conventional toilet, they have installed an “eco- toward the countryside hurt villages. “Our media their operation, circumnavigating the social and logical urine-diverting dry toilet.” According to and culture dupe us into believing we don’t want economic disincentives of family farming. So-Han Fan, a Chengdu-based NGO professional to farm, which creates bad farms and bad farm- A highly iconoclastic culture and discourse who has worked with the Anlong co-op, the toilet ers,” she said. “But we can think for ourselves and have developed in the co-op. Several of the Gaos promotes healthy aerobic composting by separat- set our own path. I don’t need to migrate.” explained that progress should not be measured ing urine and feces so that they can be converted And Qingrong remains positive about the future. in urbanization or increasing incomes. According separately into different forms of fertilizer. The “There are plenty of possibilities for sustainable Gaos also created artificial wetlands around their farming to continue expanding in China,” she said. farm. The wetlands purify wastewater from the “People will come to learn about the environmental “Our media and culture house, which is then released into nearby rivers and health dangers of conventional farming. Once or stored in fishponds. people know about them, they’ll make a change.” dupe us into believing Gao Qingrong, 32, the eldest daughter of the The model the Gaos operate is not a solution we don’t want to farm, Gaos, was once a migrant laborer in southern to all of China’s rural problems. However, it is a China, just one of more than 230 million others. first step in fighting the national prejudice toward which creates bad farms But when she came home in 2007 for the Chinese the countryside and has turned an enclave in Lunar New Year, also known as the Spring Anlong Village into not only a more desirable but and bad farmers. But we Festival, and saw how difficult it was for her fam- also a more sustainable place to live. ily to tend the farm alone, she decided to stay. can think for ourselves She returned to Anlong just in time to attend David Borenstein is a first-year MIA candidate con- a sustainable farming workshop conducted by a centrating in Economic and Political Development. He and set our own path. Chengdu-based environmental NGO. Something has conducted extensive ethnographic research on Chinese about the workshop inspired her deeply. Since rural development. From 2009 to 2010, David conducted I don’t need to migrate.” then, Qingrong has devoted herself to developing fieldwork in the Sichuan countryside as a Fulbright fellow sustainable, community-oriented farming practices. researching peasant resistance to rural development policies. —Gao Qingrong In 2010, her efforts caught the eyes of PeaceWomen

24 SIPA NEWS Forever Young: China’s Belief in Its Own Benevolent Rise By Rebecca Chao

Chinese soldiers march, with a skyline of Pudong in the background.

n 850 A.D., an unknown Chinese alchemist sought to produce an elixir that would grant eternal life and unwittingly discovered gunpowder. The combination of saltpeter, charcoal, and sulfur that he Ithought would keep him forever young succeeded only in burning down part of his house. Though some scholars disagree, China contends that this mild explosive was developed for use in firecrackers to scare away evil spirits during its New Year’s celebrations. China prefers to focus on the spread of gunpowder to Europe in the 13th century and how Europeans developed canons and guns to conquer other nations, eventually adding China to its list in the mid to late 1800s. Regardless of the facts, China believes in its own benevolence. Further, how China sees itself reflects how it views the world and the manner in which it makes foreign policy decisions. These perceptions have affected China’s foreign policy outlook in at least one way—it does not view the United States or the rising developing world, for that matter, as threats but as indispensable partners in its rise. A Chinese military honor guard stands at attention in front of a mural depicting the Partners, Not Rivals argues in a 2009 paper, that “The vast majority [of Great Wall during a welcoming cereony for President Barack Obama in Beijing on Take, for example, global attitudes towards China’s Chinese scholars and experts maintain] that the November 17, 2009. Obama and Presi- rise. The Pew Global Attitudes Project reports prevailing international structure of power will not dent Hu Jintao of China met in a session that among the 18 countries surveyed in 2009 and last; it eventually will give way to a multipolar era in that signaled the central role of China on the world stage and highlighted the dif- 2011, the median percentage that believes China which China and other emerging economies have ferent approaches that it and the United will or has already dethroned the United States as an increasing say about issues of global importance.” States are taking on urgent problems the leading superpower increased from 40 to 47 Susan L. Craig, a scholar at the United States around the globe. percent in those two years. This adversarial posi- Army War College’s Strategic Studies Institute, tion assumes that the United States and China are issued a study in March 2007 that examined in competition for leadership. China’s perception of traditional and nontradition- Yet China perceives its own rise as occurring in al security threats. In it, she contends that through- a multipolar world. Bonnie Glaser, a senior fellow out history, China has viewed itself as exceptional at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, from all other states precisely because of its long

26 SIPA NEWS and therefore not culturally or politically superior. to describe China’s overall arms buildup as “poten- When the U.S. debt deliberation nearly led to tially destabilizing.” Schiffer instead accused China a government shutdown, China used the oppor- of being opaque about its military intentions. tunity to point out the weaknesses of democracy. Even if Schiffer is correct, the United States Niall Fergusson, a professor of history at Harvard responded in November 2011 by announcing a University, reported in Newsweek that, viewed from decision to deploy 2,500 marines to Australia. It China, the debate over the debt ceiling confirmed seems U.S. officials share the view, as Glaser argues, that “Western democracy is a form of institutional- that “If Beijing were to perceive the U.S. position ized chaos to be avoided by all sane Asians.” as weakening, there could be fewer inhibitions for Daily Beast reporter Isaac Stone Fish followed the China to avoid challenging the United States where Chinese media’s critique of the Rupert Murdoch American and Chinese interests diverge.” wiretapping scandal in the summer of 2011. The However, U.S. officials and scholars like Glaser Chinese press agency Xinhua ran an article chastis- overlook China’s perceived threats in the Pacific ing the West for unethical reporting. The Shanghai and thus dismiss China’s arms buildup as a defensive Communist Party newspaper Liberation Daily ques- tactic. Despite spats with Japan and China over the tioned whether, in fact, a free press was such a South China Sea, China’s threat has been economic, prized and universal goal. The People’s Daily, con- not military. During a nine-day visit to China in sidered the official mouthpiece of the Communist November 2011, President Obama praised Beijing Party, took it further by saying, “Western media for its cooperation on South China Sea disputes. doesn’t care about social morality.” Fish also spoke While it is difficult to assess whether China’s with Michael Anti, a Chinese media commenta- military spending is defensive in nature—it becomes tor, who warned that when Western media slams an impossible question of who started what— Chinese media for bogus reporting or propaganda, China’s definition of its own borders is another an average Chinese reader may now think, “Well, example of how China perceives itself as nonim- Western media is also very rotten.” perialistic and benign. China sees its claims over This view is not exclusive to residents of Tibet and Taiwan as a question of national unity, China. A 2006 article by Li He in Asian Perspectives which Craig attributes to China’s colonization by reveals that Chinese students studying in the West the West in the 19th century. She cites a speech (liuxuesheng), who were exposed to Western media’s given by Lieutenant General Li Jijun of the Chinese views on China, did not significantly alter their Peoples’ Liberation Army at the U.S. Army War opinions about their homeland. A large number of College in 1997, in which he points to a “unifying the returnees Li interviewed believe that though consciousness” in China, committed to “maintaining Western democracy is good, it is not appropriate the unity of the country and its territorial integrity for China today. While political reform is neces- and sovereignty.” Craig ascribes China’s distaste sary within the Communist Party, the returnees for interventionism and its insistence on respecting advocated for greater efficiency and rule of law national integrity to that period of colonization, rather than democratization. A group known as the known in China as a “century of humiliation.” “New Left,” comprising leading academics, most of China may view itself as a friendly giant, whom are returned liuxuesheng, has also emerged in while others question whether it is just a guise. China to voice its disenchantment with the West. After 5,000 years of uninterrupted civilization and Li writes, “They are challenging China’s unique impressive cultural continuity, it is not unlikely that system of state-controlled capitalism with a simple China still sees itself as wielding a firecracker, not a message: What they call China’s failed 20th-century gun. But even at 5,000 years of age, China has not experiment with communism cannot be undone in fully matured as a modern nation. It remains to be history of peace and anti-imperialism. As such, the 21st century by embracing a 19th-century style seen whether China will upgrade from firecracker China behaves defensively and rarely, if ever, of laissez-faire capitalism.” to firepower as it tries to figure itself out. offensively. China does not appear to actively challenge Friend, Foe, or Just Trying to Grow? Rebecca Chao, SIPA News coeditor, is a second-year the United States on contentious issues nor does Those who view China’s rise as a threat—mostly in MIA candidate concentrating in International Security it seem to have any desire to recreate a Cold War the West—emphasize China’s rapid military build- Policy and specializing in media. She is currently the fea- standoff. Rather, it has sought primarily to allay up. Top U.S. defense officials released a report tures editor of the Journal of International Affairs and the negative influence of Western criticisms, such in August 2011 cataloguing China’s impressive also writes for Asia Society. as attacks on its poor human rights records or accu- military expenditures. While Pentagon officials sations of currency manipulation. China’s criticism expressed concerns about China’s military inten- of Western media, for example, has focused not tions in the Pacific, Michael Schiffer, the deputy only on its inherent contradictions but has also assistant secretary of defense for East Asia, said emphasized that the West is flawed just like China that there was no particular increase that led him

SIPA NEWS 27 In Kosovo, sport is all about politics, and Uliks Emra, one of the best footballers in the country, has been facing it throughout his career. Although Kosovo declared independence in 2008, it does not have an internationally recognized team. “It’s a pity that because of politics, we are not able to play internationally,” Emra said.

28 SIPA NEWS Development through Football: A Vision for the Balkans By Behar Xharra and Martin Waehlisch

When Dinamo Zagreb and Red Star Belgrade entered the green of Maksimir stadium in Zagreb, no one could have foreseen that their game would change the world. On May 13, 1990, their football match turned into a battlefield between Croats and Serbs, helping to trigger the beginning of the war and the end of Yugoslavia. Fans of Dinamo, known as the Bad Blue Boys, and Red Star, called Delije (“heroes”), took over the stadium in one of the most brutal football riots the region had ever seen. Symbolically, their clash expressed the ethnic tensions reflecting a revival of nationalism in the Balkans.

As elsewhere in the world, football (soccer Herzegovina. In September 2009, a French to Americans) has both torn people apart and fan of Toulouse died from attacks by hooli- brought them together. In the Balkans, sports gans in Belgrade. In October 2010, the Italy help to shed light on the past and ongoing vs. Serbia EURO 2012 qualifying match in struggles of the region. The war in the former Genoa was cancelled due to riots. In February Yugoslavia lasted nearly a decade. What pre- 2011, Serbia’s president Boris Tadic´ publicly viously had been one entity now comprises acknowledged that hooliganism is a security eight countries—with Montenegro and Kosovo problem and asked for a stop to the violence. emerging as the newest independent republics. Additionally, according to the 2010 Gallup Given the region’s past, could football rec- Balkan Monitor survey, more than 40 percent of oncile former factions and reverse the Balkans’ people in the region regard at least one of their negative image abroad? Could, for instance, a neighbors as hostile. One notable example is World Cup 2030 organized in southeast Europe Macedonia’s dispute with Greece over its offi- make a difference? Though this vision has chal- cial name, which has heightened nationalistic lenges, the resulting benefits are even greater. frictions. The stadiums in Skopje and Athens Emerging out of decades of conflict, the Balkans are arenas for hostilities, where both Greek are still characterized by negative perceptions: and Macedonian flags burn when the opposing violence, crime, nationalism, and hate. And teams meet. football continues to reveal misperceptions and Another notable example occurred during the political divergence in the region. Euro qualifying matches in Albania, when fans Hooliganism and nationalism have been of Albanian descent from across the Balkans nurtured in the stadiums of the Balkans. gathered in the stadium to express their feelings Partizan Belgrade was disqualified from the of national unity. When the Albanian and Greek UEFA Cup 2007/2008, after violence broke teams played, fans covered the stadium with a out among the fans in Mostar, Bosnia and large Albanian red-black, double-headed eagle

SIPA NEWS 29 public diplomacy, peace building, and economic development. Sports are strong catalysts for change in all countries of former Yugoslavia—just as proven elsewhere. South Korea and Japan cohosted the World Cup in 2002, despite resentment over a number of unsettled Japanese-Korean disputes, stemming from Japan’s occupation and annexation of Korea in the 20th century. The FIFA World Cup 2010 in South Africa allowed Africans to show the world new insights into their lives, progress, and achievements. The 2012 UEFA European Football Championship will be organized jointly by Poland and Ukraine. The tournament’s official logo com- bines the traditional art of paper cutting practiced in Poland and rural areas of Ukraine; the competi- tion’s slogan is “Creating History Together.” Its opening will be in Warsaw, the finals in Kiev. Imagine then the opening of a peaceful World Cup 2030 in Zagreb’s Maksimir Stadium, quarter- finals with a view of the reconstructed skyline of Sarajevo, and semifinals in Pristina and Skopje, with a team bus leaving to the finals in Belgrade. Could this plan close the cycle of the Balkans’ volatile history and bring an end to the strains and prejudices of the postwar legacy? Of course, political changes will depend on more than a joy- ful match between 22 players, kicking a ball over the green. But football is an incredible means for mobilizing internal and external support towards a common goal. In particular, football could influence the notion of how national teams confront each

Dinamo Zagreb’s captain, Zvonimir Boban, attacks a police officer during soccer fan riots, prior to the other: rule-based, fair, controlled, and with respect. match against Red Star Belgrade, Zagreb, Croatia, May 13, 1990. Football can teach governments a lesson, bringing the Balkans beyond their current stalemate. A World Cup 2030 jointly organized by previ- national flag. After Albania’s win over Belarus in of the Balkans, the chances to impact develop- ously rivaling neighbors could create the conditions March 2011 for the EURO 2012, the vice-captain ment, diplomatic ties, and exposure through this for a new momentum of cooperation in southeast of the national team took the microphone to address sport are immense. In addition to those players Europe. Football could revise the way the region the exuberant fans. He warned that Albanians from Kosovo, the Western Balkans have produced is seen by the rest of the world and also help to should not attempt to gain Greek citizenship, as world-renowned football players and strategists, enhance the mutual understanding of Croats, many have tried, in the hope of greater social ben- including the Croatian former mid-fielder Zvonimir Serbs, Bosniaks, Kosovar Albanians, Macedonians, efits and a Greek pension. Boban, who played for Milan; the Serbian and other ethnic groups of the Western Balkans. Lastly, Kosovo does not even have an interna- Nemanja Vidic´, captain of the English Premier Realizing such a vision would be a valuable invest- tionally recognized team, which is indicative of the League club Manchester United; the Bosnian ment in the region’s future. debates surrounding its newfound statehood. In Edi Dzeko, striker of Manchester City; and the October 2008, FIFA rejected the application of the Montenegrin player and former sports director of Behar Xharra, junior fellow of Columbia’s Football Federation of Kosovo based on Article 10 Real Madrid, Pedrag Mijatovic´, to name a few. Harriman Institute, is a 2012 MIA candidate at of the FIFA statutes, which stipulates that only “an The experiences of these leading athletes Columbia University’s School of International and independent state recognized by the international playing for other international teams demonstrate Public Affairs. Being a Kosovar, he previously worked community” may be admitted (Kosovo, which the powerful impact football can have on forging for governmental agencies in Pristina and also served declared its independence in 2008, is recognized bonds. “The magic of football is that it has the as a UNDP expert at the Kosovo Assembly and the as a state by only 85 countries). Meanwhile, lead- power to bring people traveling beyond borders Bangladesh Parliament. ing football players from Kosovo represent Albania, and continents,” commented Dragan Stojkovic Switzerland, Finland, Montenegro, and Sweden. at a ministerial conference on peace consolida- Martin Waehlisch, an international lawyer, has A Kosovar refugee, Fatmire Bajramaj, is now rep- tion and economic development of the Western been working on governmental and nongovern- resenting the German Women’s National Football Balkans in 2004. Stojkovic, who had been the mental projects in Kosovo. He is a visiting scholar Team. She was placed as one of the three top captain of Red Star Belgrade during the incident at the Harriman Institute. Both were authors of players for the 2010 FIFA Ballon d’Or, an annual in 1990, rightfully noted that “football” is a word the first study on Kosovo’s Public Diplomacy, award presented to the best player in the world. understood in all languages of the Balkans. published in 2011 with the USC Center on Public Though football has added to a negative image Indeed, football can be an effective tool for Diplomacy at the University of Southern California.

30 SIPA NEWS inside SIPA

Faculty Honors and Awards By Alex Burnett

Professor Naidu teaches economics, political economy, and development at SIPA. His research focuses on the relationships between politics and economics—particularly the history of slavery and economic development in the U.S. South. Professor John Micgiel was awarded the Com- mander’s Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland. President Bronisław Komorowski bestowed state decorations on 27 distinguished people at the Polish Consulate while on a visit to New York City. The medals recognize those who have rendered From left to right: Douglas Almond, Michael Doyle, Suresh Naidu great service to the Polish-American community in ongratulations to SIPA Professor Michael Professor Suresh Naidu was awarded a science, culture, business, and politics, as well as Doyle, who received the 2011 Hubert two-year junior fellowship from the Canadian Institute their contribution to the Polish-Jewish dialogue. H. Humphrey Award from the American for Advanced Research (CIFAR). The fellowships are In addition to teaching at SIPA, Professor Political Science Association (APSA). intended to help young and gifted scholars build their Micgiel is director of Columbia’s East Central C research and leadership capacity early in their careers. European Center. The Hubert H. Humphrey Award is presented annually in recognition of notable public service by CIFAR junior fellows are embedded in one of a political scientist. The 2010 recipient was David 12 interdisciplinary research programs. Profes- Alex Burnett is communications manager Petraeus, former commanding general of U.S. sor Naidu will work as a program member within in SIPA’s Office of Communications and forces in Iraq and Afghanistan and director-desig- “Institutions, Organizations, and Growth.” External Relations. nate of the Central Intelligence Agency. Previous honorees include former SIPA dean John Ruggie, SIPA alumna Madeleine Albright, Richard Cheney, Daniel Patrick Moynihan, and Brent Scowcroft. Thursday, April 26, 2012 Professor Doyle is the Harold Brown Profes- SAVE Twelfth Annual Global Leadership Awards Dinner sor of U.S. Foreign and Security Policy. He Honoring specializes in international relations theory, THE Lisa Anderson international security, and international orga- President, The American University in Cairo nizations. Previously, Doyle served as assistant Dean Emerita, SIPA secretary-general and special adviser to UN DATES Howard G. Buffett Secretary-General Kofi Annan. President, The Howard G. Buffett Foundation Professor Douglas Almond received the 2011 Garfield Economic Impact Award. Professor Almond Peter G. Peterson and his coauthors, Joseph J. Doyle Jr., Amanda E. Founder and Chairman, the Peter G. Peterson Foundation Kowalski, and Heidi Williams shared the award for Co-Founder and Chairman Emeritus, the Blackstone Group their paper “Estimating Marginal Returns to Medi- Mandarin Oriental, New York cal Care: Evidence from At-Risk Newborns.” Evaluating the lifesaving benefits of advanced, research-based medical care, they found evidence Saturday, April 28, 2012 that such care enables very low birth weight babies SIPA Alumni Day to “beat the odds,” surviving at greater rates than would be expected based on birth weight alone. Featuring in-depth discussions with faculty and alumni on topics in international and public affairs, with a special Professor Almond focuses on health and ap- celebration of the 20th anniversary of the Program in plied microeconomics, with a particular interest in Economic Policy Management (PEPM). infant health and the environment. He previously served as a staff economist at the Council of Eco- More information on both events will be available at nomic Advisers during the Clinton administration www.sipa.columbia.edu and studied the health effects of air pollution in China as a Fulbright scholar.

SIPA NEWS 31 inside SIPA

Leaders in Global Energy: Seeking Solutions to Sustainable Energy By Alex Burnett and Michelle Chahine

“I’m not concerned about the future, but the transition to the future is what I worry about.” –Eduardo Souto de Moura, 2011 Pritzker Architecture Prize Laureate

ortuguese architect and Pritzker Prize Laureate Eduardo Souto de Moura was one of several distinguished guests to address Pthe SIPA community during the school’s 2011 Leaders in Global Energy series. Souto de Moura highlighted his most recent design of a home, innovative use of natural light in a museum, intelligent and cost-efficient use of new materials in a skyscraper, and a new approach to the construction of a soccer stadium within its natural surroundings. “If we learn the rules of nature and approximate them, we get something fantastic,” he said. “Archi- tecture is like an iceberg,” implying that we have

seen only the tip of intelligent, sustainable design. Eduardo Souto de Moura shows his design for the Municipal Stadium in Braga, Spain. Leaders in Global Energy is the centerpiece of SIPA’s initiative to identify solutions to the challenge power distribution. “In the next 20 years, energy earthquake in Japan. The event was cosponsored of creating sustainable energy while protecting the will be a big part of the issues.” by Columbia’s World Leaders Forum. environment and reaffirming corporate citizenship. Edison Lobão, minister of mines and energy “What is most damaged by this accident is Throughout the fall, SIPA welcomed thought leaders in Brazil, the globe’s sixth largest consumer of confidence,” said Amano. “So we need tangible in energy from across the government, corporate, energy, emphasized the world’s continued depen- results to restore it.” and NGO sectors. In addition to sustainable design, dence on fossil fuels. “In light of recent projections, I am very confi- they addressed topics such as energy policy in Latin “To counter these trends, it will be necessary dent this is not the end of nuclear power,” he noted. America, the electricity grid, the European approach to get agreement from all stakeholders to achieve In addition to the Leaders in Global Energy series, to sustainability, and wind energy. what has already been agreed to in the Kyoto SIPA is developing new course work, fieldwork, and “I think we have an obligation to educate folks Protocol,” he said. “Technological developments research through the Energy and Environment con- on the complexities we’re dealing with and try to create expectations that this will happen.” centration, which provides students with the knowl- put into context what goes into your electricity “Yes, we can alter significantly the balance be- edge base and analytical tools needed to address the bill,” said Gordon van Welie, CEO of ISO New Eng- tween fossil fuels and alternative energy,” he noted. challenge of sustainably and responsibly powering the land, the region’s primary power provider. In a discussion dedicated to wind energy, developed and developing nations of the world. “You know, people hear and talk about climate Gabriel Alonso, CEO of Horizon Wind Energy, said Leaders in Global Energy is sponsored by change and environmental issues,” said van Welie. innovation is improving productivity. That has re- EDP–Energias de Portugal, S.A. EDP’s interests in “The question is: How do you actually engineer duced the cost of wind drastically, and wind power conventional and renewable power extend across a system that will achieve those policy goals and is growing worldwide. In 2010, China became the 11 countries on four continents, including the keep the lights on?” largest producer of wind power and working aggres- United States. Solutions will require collaboration by govern- sively to develop its offshore wind power generators. ment, corporate, and NGO leaders; the adoption of “Wind is free,” said Alonso. “Our success lies Michelle Chahine is a program assistant in SIPA’s new technologies; and the cultivation of a new gen- in our hands.” Office of Communications and External Relations. eration of thinkers who can overcome the historical Energy was also the topic of SIPA’s Gabriel barriers to socially responsible energy policymaking. Silver Memorial Lecture on November 1. Yukiya “Keep interested in energy,” said Rui Cartaxo, Amano, director general of the International Atom- CEO of Portugal’s Redes Energéticas Nacionais ic Energy Agency (IAEA), spoke about nuclear during an examination of the electricity grid and energy and the crisis that followed last year’s

32 SIPA NEWS inside SIPA

SIPA Events Highlight Emerging Economies and Economic Priorities

Left: Michel Temer, vice president of the Federative Republic of Brazil, being interviewed at the BRICLab conference. Right: Brazil as a Rising Power: Mario Garnero, chairman, Brasilinvest, speaks about the changing power and business dynamics brought about by the rise of Brazil. Seated from left: Thomas Trebat, executive director, Institute of Latin American Studies, Columbia University; Sergio Cabral Filho, governor, Brazilian State of Rio de Janeiro; and Marcelo Odebrecht, chairman and CEO, Odebrecht.

epresenting more than 40 percent of the leading experts to discuss the strategic, politi- Sergio Cabral Filho, governor of Brazilian State world’s population, Brazil, Russia, India, cal, environmental, economic, and financial of Rio de Janeiro; and Columbia University and China, the “BRICs,” have emerged as consequences of their rise. Speakers included professors Merit Janow, Arvind Panagariya, and Reconomic powers and significant actors in Michel Temer, vice president of Federative Thomas Trebat. the international arena. Republic of Brazil; Stephen King, chief econo- The BricLab Conference was sponsored by On December 2, 2011, SIPA convened the mist of HSBC; Sergei Guriev, rector of the New SIPA, HSBC, and Fórum das Américas and orga- Inaugural BricLab Conference, a half-day event Economic School of Moscow; Stefan Wagstyl, nized by BRICLab co-directors and SIPA adjunct that examined their rising influence on global Emerging Markets editor of the Financial professors Christian Deseglise (MIA ’90) and policymaking. Times; Marc Uzan, executive director of the Marcos Troyjo. The conference, which took place in Reinventing Bretton Woods Committee; Marcelo Columbia’s Low Rotunda, brought together Odebrecht, chairman and CEO of Odebrecht;

Lawrence H. Summers, Charles W. Eliot University Professor at Harvard University, former director of the White House National Economic Council, and former U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, delivered the Gabriel Silver Memorial Lecture at SIPA on December 1. Mr. Summers shared his views on the current economic situation and how to achieve growth: “If the private sector is unable or unwilling to enable and increase its spending, there is no alterna- tive but for a government to be prepared on a temporary basis to expand its borrowing and expand its spending.”

SIPA NEWS 33 inside SIPA

From Recipients to Donors: Brazilian Students Turn Classwork into Real-World Policy By Michelle Chahine

hree Brazilian students, each attending The topic of the paper was the brainchild of “We actually tried to suggest a mechanism for SIPA on a Lemann Fellowship, are taking Vazquez, who worked in the Brazilian government these actors to interact more efficiently as well,” the spirit of their fellowship to heart. Estab- before attending SIPA. said Vazquez. “Even though the main focus was Tlished by Brazilian entrepreneur Jorge Paulo “Because I was already working in the area,” more internal to ABC, this communication channel Lemann, the fellowships are intended to promote she said, “I was very interested in how emerging with others was a mid- to-long-term recommenda- student exchange between SIPA and Brazil. countries are increasingly becoming donors of tion . . . We also later found that other agencies in The three students—Karin Vazquez, Andres international aid and less recipients of interna- the government had similar problems at well.” Lalinde, and Tatiana Cabral Schnurr (MIA ’12)— tional aid.” “It was a pleasant surprise to receive the report turned their final project for a management course “There’s this momentum around aid effective- from [the] students,” said Antonio Prado, coordi- into a strategy paper for the Brazilian government. ness,” she added, “a South-South cooperation nator of international cooperation at EMBRAPA, Fellow SIPA student Xheni Shehu (MIA ’11) agenda that is increasingly being seen as an alter- via e-mail. “This report is very useful because it cowrote the project. native to the North-South model of development contributes to the necessary reflection on how the The paper, “From a Fledgling Donor to a Pow- cooperation, possibly the future of development Brazilian cooperation for development is struc- erhouse: Improving Brazil’s Development Coopera- cooperation.” tured, what its bottlenecks are, and how institu- tion Framework and Institution Settings,” was Vazquez was interested in looking at Brazil and tions such as EMBRAPA may help improve Brazil’s distributed to various government officials at ABC, the Brazilian Agency for Development Cooperation cooperation.” the Brazilian Cooperation Agency; EMBRAPA, the (ABC), to see how, given this new role that Brazil According to Prado, the report was e-mailed to Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation; and was playing, the agency could improve its strategic all the employees of EMBRAPA’s Secretariat for Caixa Econômica Federal (CAIXA), the public bank. focus and the effectiveness of its operation. International Affairs, which is responsible for the “The Lemann Fellowship is awarded to indi- The team conducted interviews with current operational management of international agricul- viduals passionate about creating a better future and former employees at ABC. With the raw data tural projects. for Brazil, either internally or externally,” explained they gathered, they used the frameworks they “It was such a great experience to work on Lalinde. “Since the project focused on Brazil’s ex- were learning in their “Strategic Thinking for a project with other Lemann Fellows because it portation model for development and cooperation General Managers” course with Professor Paul highlighted our diversity and individual strengths,” knowledge transfers, analyzing ABC’s strengths Thurman to analyze the agency’s problems and said Cabral Schnurr. “The common denominator and weaknesses from a consulting perspective develop recommendations. was a passion for the development of Brazil, which was an excellent avenue for three Lemann Fellows “It was interesting because our problem tree made the commitment towards finding sustainable (and one non-Fellow), to recommend changes that was huge,” laughed Vazquez. One major problem and feasible solutions even stronger. I think the would ultimately improve external relations abroad. the team found was the limited communication project was one of the most personally gratifying The ABC project was by far the most rewarding between the agency and other parts of the Brazil- works in each of our academic careers.” academic endeavor I had ever accomplished.” ian government.

Jorge Paulo Lemann cofounded the investment banking firm Banco Garantia and helped grow it into one of Brazil’s most prestigious and innovative investment banks. In 2001, Lemann founded the Lemann Foundation, a nonprofit organization that aims to improve education quality and opportunities in Brazil. Projects to achieve this goal include different scholarship programs, research and dissemination about best practices in education management, and training programs for educational leaders. Lemann Fellowships provide support to students participating in the School’s dual-degree program with Fundação Getulio Vargas Escola de Administração de Empresas de São Paulo, to students who live or have lived in Brazil, and for students to engage in study, research, and internships in Brazil. Visit SIPA’s Lemann Fellows webpage at http://lemannfellows.sipa.columbia.edu

34 SIPA NEWS inside SIPA

Witnesses to History: SIPA Interns around the World By Michelle Chahine

t is a rite of passage—second-year SIPA an interagency knowledge portal to compile and students return for the fall semester and map data, statistics, and studies. share the incredible experiences they had “Working in Kosovo was one of the highlights Itraveling around the globe for their summer of my life,” said Homa. “I gained a huge ap- internships. preciation by watching one of the world’s newest Christopher Reeve (MIA ’12) spent last nations grapple with the challenge of overcoming summer interning at a Cairo newspaper, in line recent carnage with resiliency and optimism.” with his specialization in International Media, Nadia Hasham (MIA ’12) was in Kurnool, Advocacy, and Communications. He worked as Andhra Pradesh, India, working on a pilot study a reporter at Al-Masry Al-Youm, Egypt’s leading for an SMS-based vaccination reminders project independent newspaper, which had just launched for mothers with newborns. It was a joint project an English edition. between the India-based NGO Developmental “There was so much news happening. News Medical Foundation and the U.S.-based company happened every day,” Christopher said. “Even Medic Mobile. when I wasn’t reporting, I was experiencing some- “I was able to liaise with key players in the thing major and consequential to the world.” region, including UNICEF, district and state It wasn’t just editorial and reporting experi- governments, the World Bank, and others,” said ence that he gained from his internship. He had a Nadia. “I have enjoyed this project so much that front-row seat to history. I have decided to stay on board until its comple- “There was a happiness in the street, in the tion 18 months from now.” air. Everyone has hope now,” he said. “I have Ethan Wilkes (MIA ’12) had not one, but two, much more hope than I did previously.” internships in China and got to rub shoulders Juontel White (MIA ’12) spent three months in with the number two man at the White House. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. She worked for UNESCO Ethan began by working at Aureos Capital in as a research assistant for a large conference on Qingdao, a small provincial city in the northeast teacher migration and mobility. Juontel engaged part of the country. There he put together com- with ministers of education throughout Africa and munications material for investors and worked in the Commonwealth and traveled to rural areas to fundraising. interview students and teachers at adult literacy He then moved to the International Trade centers. Administration at the American Embassy in Bei- “It was inspiring because in marginalized jing, working on a research project looking into communities, they don’t see the importance of Chinese state-owned enterprises. Ethan said SIPA education (for themselves and their children) made this opportunity possible—he found it on until they’re invited to these centers,” she said. SIPALink, the career portal for students. Jonathan Roose (MIA ’12) spent his summer “We had a lot of delegations coming through, in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. He interned in too,” he said. “As an intern, you get to sit in on Almaty, Kazakhstan, for the Eurasia Foundation these massive trade relation meetings as a fly on of Central Asia (EFCA), where he edited and as- the wall. It’s fascinating.” sisted in proposal writing. One of these delegations was that of U.S. Vice “The experience was truly great,” he said. President Joseph Biden. Wilkes met the vice presi- “I learned a ton about the developing world, dent at an embassy meet-and-greet. Kazakhstan, Central Asia, and the post-Soviet “Rarely do you get the opportunity to be world.” Jonathan also taught English in Almaty exposed to people of that level and listen to their and Kyrgyzstan. thoughts,” he added. Homa Hassan (MIA ’12) served with the From top: Cairo’s Tahrir Square; Juontel White; United Nations Development Programme in Pris- Michelle Chahine is a program assistant in Nadia Hasham (far right); Ethan Wilkes with Vice President Biden. tina, Kosovo, where she helped implement the SIPA’s Office of Communications and External five-year Common Development Plan and create Relations.

SIPA NEWS 35 inside SIPA

PhD Students Connect Climate Change and Civil War By Alex Burnett

l Niño can help spark civil war, according to This is the first study of its kind, linking global study shows a systematic pattern of global climate research by SIPA and The Earth Institute’s weather observations and documented violence, affecting conflict, and it shows it right now.” PhD program in sustainable development. to point to climate as a possible cause of future The PhD in Sustainable Development combines E Kyle Meng, a PhD candidate in the destabilization. The study does not blame specific elements of a traditional graduate education in program, and Solomon Hsiang, a 2011 gradu- conflicts on El Niño nor address long-term climate social science, particularly economics, with a ate, coauthored the study in the journal Nature, change. But it does point to how a warming significant component of training in the natural detailing their research linking the climate cycle to climate could contribute to existing conflicts in sciences. Students in SIPA’s Sustainable Develop- increases in warfare. Mark Cane, a climate scien- places like Somalia. ment PhD program come from a wide variety of tist at Columbia University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth “The most important thing is that this looks at backgrounds and are working on a diverse set Observatory, was the third coauthor. modern times, and it’s done on a global scale,” of research topics, including poverty and water The study found that the arrival of El Niño, says Hsiang. resources, green building, climate uncertainty and which every three to seven years boosts tempera- “We can speculate that a long-ago Egyptian policy, disaster risk reduction, low-resources health tures and cuts rainfall, doubles the risk of civil dynasty was overthrown during a drought,” he systems, and sustainable design. The program’s wars across 90 tropical nations. It says El Niño continues. “That’s a specific time and place, graduates are uniquely situated to undertake seri- may have played a role in a fifth of all worldwide which may be very different from today, so people ous research and policy assessments with the goal conflicts during the past 50 years. might say, ‘OK, we’re immune to that now.’ This of sustainable development.

SIPA Alumnae Direct New Global Centers

olumbia University launched two new Chile’s ascension to the OECD, achieved in Janu- Global Centers in fall 2011, each directed ary 2010. by a SIPA alumna: Karen Poniachik (MIA The University launched its sixth Global Center C’90) in Santiago, Chile, and Ipek Cem- in Istanbul in early November with a series of Taha (MIA ’93, BUS ’93) in Istanbul, Turkey. events and scholarly panels attended by President In September, Poniachik joined University Bollinger, Dean Coatsworth, newly appointed President Lee C. Bollinger, Andronico Luksic, vice interim director Ipek Cem-Taha, several Columbia chairman of Banco de Chile, and Kenneth Prewitt, faculty and deans, and scholars from the region. vice president of Columbia Global Centers, at a Cem-Taha is a Turkish businesswoman, journal- signing ceremony hosted by SIPA dean John H. ist, and leading member of several community- Coatsworth. Her new role, directing the Univer- based and international organizations. From 2005 sity’s first center in Latin America, adds to an to 2011, she produced and hosted the program impressive career in government and business. “Global Leaders” in association with NTV, Turkey’s After graduating from SIPA, Poniachik served leading news channel. She has also served as a as director of business and financial programs newspaper columnist, commenting on interna- at the Council of the Americas in New York from tional trends, politics, and economics. Cem-Taha Ipek Cem-Taha with President Bollinger at the launch 1995 to 2000. She moved to Chile to serve as is also a co-founder and director of Melak Invest- of the Global Center in Istanbul. executive vice president of the Foreign Invest- ments, which provides strategic advice to funds ment Committee (2000–2006), minister of energy and companies looking to invest in Turkey. Previ- (2006–2007), and minister of mining (2006– ously, she was a co-founder and managing partner 2008). Her last role with the Chilean government of Netwise/IKC Communications, an Internet was as special envoy in charge of negotiating services company.

36 SIPA NEWS inside SIPA

From SIPA to Iraq to Afghanistan: An Interview with Carlos Terrones By Michelle Chahine

fter his graduation from SIPA, Carlos Middle East, and Asia provided me with the tools Terrones (MPA ’08) left New York City to work in conflict zones. Working in tough situa- for Iraq and Afghanistan. In Iraq, he tions has brought about my critical thinking to go A worked for the U.S. Department of State outside the box, always seek self-improvement, in governance and reconstruction-development and provide the best alternatives to assist the local efforts. He was then asked to assist with similar communities and subnational governments. work in Afghanistan. I have really enjoyed assisting in the develop- ment of the Afghan subnational government that What is your work currently in Afghanistan? is trying to become self-sufficient, transparent, ac- How long have you been there, and how long countable, and capable of identifying, prioritizing, will you remain? and servicing the needs of the Afghan people. As I am coming to the end of my tour in Afghanistan, I I am currently the civilian team leader for the am proud to have been able to turn around one of District Support Team in the District of Maiwand. I the most war-torn districts in Afghanistan, which am the State Department representative and lead was known as one of the birthplaces of the Tali- governance adviser. I lead a team of USAID and ban, into one of the most supportive and engaged U.S. Army officers in charge with governance and districts in governance and development activities. reconstruction-development. I’ve been in Afghani- Although much work remains to be done to “I’ve learned the importance stan for almost a year and will end my tour at the destabilize the Taliban shadow government, the end of January 2012. I came to Afghanistan after mentorship and perseverance working side by side of being streetwise and how working in Iraq from 2008 to 2010. with our Afghan local officials are finally showing to adapt to the culture’s tribal positive signs whereby local leaders and villagers What has your experience been, both personal and are becoming active agents in their communities. norms and expectations.” professional? How do you feel SIPA prepared you for this? On the personal level, working in conflict zones in Iraq and Afghanistan has increased my My SIPA education was essential to this work. mental and physical strength. I spent my tours SIPA provided me with strong analytical tools in Iraq and Afghanistan embedded with the U.S. that I have applied to development strategies in a military in combat areas far away from the large district west of Kandahar City, which is recovering cities in Iraq and Afghanistan. Life was lonely, from the Taliban insurgent activity. I have a Master and I discovered encouragement through my in Public Administration with a concentration in friendship with my U.S. military counterparts, Economic and Political Development. friends, and family. I almost lost my life once in Iraq and once in Afghanistan. I’ve learned how Do you have advice for students who may want to to take care of myself because I have dealt with work in conflict zones post-SIPA? uncertainty and violence. Despite the violence and uncertainty that For those interested in working in conflict zones, I have been exposed to professionally, I have I recommend that they take management classes learned a lot and gained substantial experience while they are at SIPA. Having a basic knowledge from both the international coalition and Afghan of management is important because of the rapidly side. I’ve learned the importance of being street- changing policies that we continue to have and wise and how to adapt to the culture’s tribal norms adapt. With good management they will be able to and expectations. adapt to crises and create solutions for their work My prior military experience as a marine and with colleagues and local counterparts. in international development in Latin America, the

SIPA NEWS 37 class notes SIPA

Class Notes Compiled by Pat Jones

David joined Save the Children/U.S. as programs, students from the United States 1974 deputy director for Asia Pacific region 1997 will study climate change issues in partner- James Bruno, MIA in 1988 and has held several leadership Akiko Sugaya, MIA ship with students in Bangladesh, who James Bruno has published a political positions with the organization. David Akiko Sugaya received a Nieman Fel- will be recruited from Scholastica, a large, thriller centering on Afghanistan. Tribe is served as director of the Philippines and lowship at Harvard for 2011–2012 from private English middle school in Dhaka, an American take on John Le Carré’s gray Asia and Middle East programs, headed the Nieman Foundation for Journalism. Bangladesh, of which Madiha Murshed is world of espionage, a meditation on the the program in Vietnam, and worked as The Nieman Fellowship is a prestigious the managing director. The co-founders of bigger issues of trust and betrayal and how regional director for South and Southeast award that gives fellows the opportunity World Savvy would be delighted to hear to find room for patriotism or integrity in Asia. Most recently, he was the lead proj- to study and explore research topics at from any SIPA alums who want to learn more about World Savvy or the student a world of runaway egos and ambition. ect manager of an international program Harvard University for one year. exchange program. For more informa- James’ previous two novels, Permanent Interests unit of Save the Children, implementing tion about World Savvy, visit http://www. and Chasm, have been steady Amazon programs in 72 countries. worldsavvy.org/ www.worldsavvy.org. Kindle bestsellers since late 2010. James 2000 was a Foreign Service officer with the U.S. Ranjini Pillay, MIA Juan Pablo Jimenez, MIA Department of State, where he worked on Ranjini Pillay was honored this past Juan Pablo Jimenez is co-author of Afghanistan for nearly five years. October at the 19th Annual Women of “Macroeconomic Challenges of Fiscal 2006 Veronica Conforme, MPA Distinction Breakfast, presented by the Decentralization in Latin America in the Veronica Conforme has been appointed Girl Scouts of Greater New York. Aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis,” 1982 published by the Economic Commission by NYC Schools Chancellor Dennis M. Walcott as chief operating officer of Kary Moss, MIA for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC). The paper discusses how fiscal the Department of Education (DOE). Kary Moss was inducted into the Michigan 1991 decentralization is affecting macro- Veronica, who joined the DOE in 2003, Women’s Hall of Fame at an awards dinner Mikel Herrington, MIA, IF economic management in the main Latin has served as chief financial officer since in East Lansing, Michigan on October 27. Mikel Herrington has been named Peace American countries and which reforms in December 2010. Her new position was The State Bar of Michigan presented her Corps country director of Bulgaria. the existing intergovernmental systems effective as of November 1, 2011. with a 2011 Champion of Justice Award on Mikel worked for almost 14 years with could help strengthen their fiscal sustain- September 14. She is the first female execu- the Corporation for National and Com- ability and create fiscal space for active tive director of the ACLU of Michigan. munity Service, where he spent most Nathaniel Hurd, MIA countercyclical responses to economic of his time in the AmeriCorps National Nathaniel Hurd has become the shocks. The paper was prepared within Civilian Community Corps (NCCC) Washington, D.C.-based policy adviser the project entitled “Decentralization and for Conflicts and Disasters, World Vision 1984 program. Mikel has directed English Governance” executed by ECLAC and Brent Feigenbaum, MIA language and U.S. cultural programs in U.S. World Vision is a leading Christian the German Cooperation (GIZ), where international relief and development orga- Brent Feigenbaum has joined Center- China, led a team of graduate students Juan is the coordinator. line to head its corporate marketing from Columbia University on a mater- nization, responding to disasters, conflict, communications and investor relations nal, infant, and child health care project poverty, and disease in more than 100 departments, reporting to Robert L. Levy, in Belize, and served as a research fellow countries. Nathaniel advises World Vision 2002 and represents the agency with Congress president and CFO. Brent is a 25-year at the Centre for Strategic and Interna- Dana Curran Mortenson, MIA and the U.S. government, on areas such as veteran in strategic marketing commu- tional Studies in Jakarta, Indonesia. Madiha Murshed, MIA nications. At Centerline he will focus on breaking disasters, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Dana Curran Mortenson and Madiha Haiti, civil-military relations, and more. raising the firm’s visibility by elevating its Murshed are the cofounders of World Sav- marketing, public relations, and investor 1992 vy, an education nonprofit in the United relations initiatives, as well as enhanc- Dan Viederman, MIA States. World Savvy educates and engages ing the firm’s overall internal employee Dan Viederman was named Social 2010 youth in community and world affairs Andrew Kessinger, MIA, IF communications. He is a noted expert in Entrepreneur of the Year in the United to learn, work, and live as responsible Andrew Kessinger is now living in Paris, developing high impact integrated mar- States by the Geneva, Switzerland– global citizens in the 21st century. Since after having worked for a women’s em- keting communications programs in the based Schwab Foundation for Social its founding, World Savvy has grown to powerment project in Sierra Leone. He financial services arena, with a particular Entrepreneurship for his work as CEO serve more than 10,000 youth and 1,400 is currently a communications manager focus on corporate banking, private with Verité. Verité is an international teachers from three offices nationally. in the Science, Technology, and Industry banking, and commercial real estate. nonprofit consulting, training, and Dana and Madiha recently secured a grant directorate at the Organization for Eco- research organization that has been a from the U.S. Department of State for an leader in supply social responsibility and exchange program for students from the nomic Co-operation and Development. 1986 sustainability for 15 years. Verité solves U.S. to visit Bangladesh to learn about David R. Claussenius, MIA the most difficult supply chain human climate change issues. Bangladesh is a Pat Jones is an administrative assistant in SIPA’s David R. Claussenius has been named rights problems to help the most vulner- country on the frontlines of the climate Office of Communications and External Relations. Peace Corps country director of Thailand. able workers around the world. change threat. Through World Savvy’s

38 SIPA NEWS Donor List SIPA

Donor List July 1, 2010, to June 30, 2011

“CERT” followed by year = graduate with certificate from a Regional Institute Media Rights Capital/Modi Wiczyk and Nadia M. Jabri, MIA ’98 “IF” followed by year = graduate of the International Fellows Program Assaf Satchu Herman N. Johnson, MIA ’99 and Mitchell Darrow Silber, MIA ’05 and Beth Tamarra Matthews-Johnson “MIA” followed by year = graduate with a Master in International Affairs Ann Silber Hisanori Kataoka, MIA ’98 “MPA” followed by year = graduate with a Master in Public Administration Frank C. Wong, MIA ’82 Allison C. Kellogg, IF ’72, MIA ’73 Feng Jason Xu, MIA ’96 Melvyn N. Klein, IF ’65 Karen Young Knapp, MPA ’94 $500,000+ Financial Women’s Association of NY $1,000–$2,499 Arthur Wayne Koenig, MIA ’70 Anonymous Educational Fund Anonymous The Kresge Foundation EDP—Energias de Portugal, S.A. Sonia Gardner/Avenue Capital Robert Oswald Abad, MIA ’98 Monish Kumar, MIA ’95 Vladimir V. Kuznetsov, MIA ’91, IF ’90 Management Lisa S. Anderson, CERT ’76 Ziad Khalil Makkawi, MIA ’86 Jorge Paulo Lemann Richard S. Goldberg Halle J. Bennett, MIA ’92 Arfan M. K. Malas, MIA ’68/Dextar Andronico Luksic/E. Abaroa Foundation Donald Loyd Holley, MIA ’59 Michael Paul Benz, MPA ’10 World Trade John Templeton Foundation Anuradha T. Jayanti/Rev Trust of Robin L. Berry, MIA ’78 Christopher James Manogue, MIA ’98 Anuradha Jayanti Blinken Foundation/Donald and Vera Sherwood G. Moe, MIA ’48 $100,000–$499,999 Robert I. Kopech, MIA ’77 Blinken Melineh V. Momjian, MIA ’86 and Mark Estate of Julius G. Blocker Sidney & Robert Katzman Foundation Elizabeth Cabot, MIA ’98 and Blake Albert Momjian Arminio Fraga Harley L. Lippman, MIA ’79/Genesis 10 Cabot Thomas John Monahan, MIA ’85 Irish Aid The Lucius N. Littauer Foundation Linda K. Carlisle, MPA ’81 James William Morley Henry Luce Foundation James Luikart, MIA ’72 and Amira Luikart John and Patricia Coatsworth Mark David O’Keefe, MIA ’95 and M. Brett A. Olsher, MIA ’93 Peter Neill Marber, MIA ’87/Marber Larry Rodney Colburn, MIA ’90 Guadalupe Granda, MIA ’95 David B. Ottaway, IF ’63 Family Charitable Fund/HSBC Global Jane D. Coleman, IF ’72 Kenneth Prewitt Smith Richardson Foundation Asset Management Anisa Kamadoli Costa, MIA ’98/Tiffany Adam and Mandy Quinton David John Sainsbury/The Gatsby Juan Navarro/Supermarkets Norte & Co. Clyde E. Rankin, IF ’74 Charitable Foundation Investments John J. Curley, IF ’63 and Ann C. Curley Peter M. Robinson, MIA ’79, IF ’79 Jeffrey L. Schmidt, IF ’79, CERT ’79/ Barbara Helen Reguero, MIA ’86 Gregory R. Dalton MIA ’94, IF ’94 Karen Scowcroft, MIA ’84, IF ’84 Jeffrey L. Schmidt Fellowship Alejandro Santo Domingo and Lucia Choi/The Dalton-Choi Saurin Dinesh Shah, MIA ’97 and Sara Charitable Trust Mary and David M. Solomon Family Trust Elise Borden, MPA ’95 The Spencer Foundation Joan E. Spero, MIA ’68 John William Dandola, MPA ’10 Sandra Shahinian Leitner, MIA ’76 Maurice Samuels, MIA ’83 The Starr Foundation Xinhua Dang, MIA ’93 Cassandra A. Simmons Veolia Environnement Mana Nabeshima Tokoi, MIA ’91 Nina and Mitch Davidson Jonathan P. Simon and Anna C. Michael D. Tusiani/Poten & Partners, Inc. Barbara Knowles Debs and Richard A. Coatsworth $25,000–$99,999 Jens Ulltveit-Moe, MIA ’68 Debs/The Debs Foundation Julie Lynn Siskind, MIA ’95/Jewish Amy Levine Abrams, MIA ’81, IF ’81/ Gregory Deeds and Lisa Helen Deeds Communal Fund Abrams Foundation $5,000–$9,999 Christian Deseglise, MIA ’90 Alfred C. Stepan, IF ’65 Georgia Adams, MIA ’83 and Charles Magzhan Muratovich Auezov, MIA ’98 Troy J. Eggers and Susan K. Glancy Bela Szigethy, MIA ’80, IF ’80 Adams, MIA ’83 James L. Broadhead, IF ’63 Peter D. Ehrenhaft, MIA ’57 Masanobu Taniguchi, MIA ’79, CERT ’79 William Vincent Campbell Pamela Casaudoumecq, MIA ’89 Habib Mohammed Enayetullah, MPA ’91 David James Tsui, MPA ’01 Carnegie Corporation of New York Robert Meade Chilstrom, MIA ’69, CERT Kashiyo C. Enokido, MIA ’78 Daniel B. Tunstall, MIA ’68 Alexander Georgiadis, MIA ’85/Krinos ’69 and Buena H. Chilstrom Ivy Lindstrom Fredericks, MIA ’98 Yuko Usami, MIA ’77 Foods Canada Ltd. Susie Gharib, MIA ’74/Nazem Family Jennifer Ann Pomeroy Fronk, MIA ’83/ Eliza and Jon Weber A. Michael Hoffman, MIA ’69, IF ’69 Foundation Fronk Family Foundation Allyson and Andrew Weiner Nemir Kirdar/Investcorp George Franz Hollendorfer, MIA ’01 Shelley Louise Gardeniers, MIA ’96 Arthur M. Yoshinami, MIA ’80 Marc St. John, MIA ’84, IF ’84 and Julie Alex and Juliana Krys Richard N. Gardner Geoffrey Paul Ziebart, MIA ’89, IF ’89 Newton St. John, MIA ’85 Vuslat Sabanci, MIA ’96 and Ali Ismail Michael Alan Goldstein, MIA ’84 Ipek Nur Cem Taha, MIA ’93 and Shwan Sabanci Anthony C. Gooch, MIA ’05, IF ’05 $500–$999 I. Taha Arnold A. Saltzman/Saltzman Foundation Erin S. Gore, MPA ’97 Colin Jeffrey Aaron, MIA ’84 Brent Scowcroft Alexander Juri Groushevsky, MIA ’96, Patrick Kenehan Archambault, MIA ’99 $10,000–$24,999 David Zvi Solomon, MIA ’97/Achim IF ’96 John Keeble Bainbridge, MPA ’91 Anonymous Foundation Neal H. Harwood, MIA ’61 Arlene Renee Barilec, MIA ’84 Reed David Auerbach, MIA ’81, IF ’81 Joel D. Tauber Andrew and Heather Heller Jillian Barron, MIA ’88 and Adrienne Petite Auerbach Paul Wayne Thurman Ralph O. Hellmold, MIA ’63, IF ’63 Matthias Georg Baumberger, MIA ’05 Roger R. Baumann, IF ’84, MIA ’85 and Neale X. Trangucci, MIA ’81, IF ’81 Sylvia A. Hewlett and Richard S. Weinert/ Stefan Robert Benn, MIA ’95 Julie Baumann Enzo Viscusi Center For Work-Life Policy, Inc. Maureen R. Berman, MIA ’73 Matthew Boyer, MIA ’94 Peter Alexander Hofmann, MIA ’86/ Thomas Lynch Bindley, MPA ’03 Kim Christopher Bradley, MIA ’83 $2,500–$4,999 United Way of Central and NE Kate A. Bullinger, MIA ’94 Michael James Brandmeyer, MIA ’95, Norton and Ann Bell Connecticut Paul H. Byers, IF ’67 IF ’95 Laurence Dara Berger, IF ’70 John Christopher Howe, MIA ’83/The David C. Chaffetz, MIA ’80, IF ’80 Brazilian-American Chamber of John William Dickey, MIA ’92 Patriot Group Yung-Woo Chun, MIA ’94, IF ’94 Commerce Mary S. Ginsberg, MIA ’78, IF ’78 Jingdong Hua, MPA ’03 John J. Costonis, IF ’64 Edward T. Cloonan, MIA ’77 and Linda Marietta Angela Ries Lavicka, MIA ’94 Constance L. Hunter, MIA ’94 Marc P. Desautels, MIA ’66 Cloonan Claudette M. Mayer, MIA ’76, IF ’76 Douglas R. Hunter, MIA ’73 R. Anthony Elson, MIA ’64, IF ’64

SIPA NEWS 39 Donor List SIPA

Jennifer Ann Enslin, MIA ’02 Paul Bauer, MIA ’96 Nadine F. Joseph, MIA ’73 William Schumer, CERT ’48 Rhonda L. Ferguson-Augustus, MIA ’79 Robin M. Beckett, IF ’77 Robert K. Kaplan, MIA ’83 Harold and Jeannette Segel Robert Mark Finkel, MIA ’88 Pieter Anton Bierkens, MIA ’92 Norman D. Kass, MIA ’73 and Lani Kass Ryan James Severino, MIA ’04 Walter F. Frey, MPA ’08 Melanie June Bixby, MIA ’91 and Robert Brian John Kennedy, MPA ’04 Richard M. Smith, IF ’69 Kirsten Alysum Frivold, MPA ’03 Epstein Julia Metzger Kennedy, MIA ’92 Delia B. Spitzer, IF ’81 Larry S. Gage, IF ’71 Kenneth Herbert Blackman, MIA ’00 Lawrence S. Klitzman Marisa C. Stadtmauer, MPA ’93/Marisa Sol Glasner, MIA ’76, CERT ’76 Joseph Abraham Blady, MIA ’03 Susan Koch, MIA ’71 and Richard Stadtmauer Family John D. Greenwald, IF ’71 Thomas H. Boast, MIA ’72 Lisa Esposito Kok, MPA ’90 and George Foundation Bruce Kirkwood Harris, MIA ’92 John Alexander Bodkin and Dinah K. Hans Kok Sally J. Staley, MIA ’80 Peter D. Hart Research Associates, Inc. Bodkin Mel Laytner, MIA ’72 Kulratan R. Stuart, MIA ’73 Teresa Misty Hathaway, MIA ’89 Patrick Francis Bohan Musse Hussen Ld, MPA ’95 Leonard M. Tavera Mark M. Jaskowiak, IF ’77 Carolyn B. Boldiston, MPA ’89 Hyun-Koo Lee, MIA ’81 Erik Matthew Tollefson, MIA ’06 Horace P. Jen, MIA ’93, CERT ’93 Georgy Georgovich Bovt, MIA ’92, IF ’92 Andre D. Lehmann, MIA ’73, CERT ’73 Elizabeth D. Trafelet, MIA ’03 and Karuna Evelyne Shinsho, Joan Copithorne Bowen, MIA ’67 Jay A. Levy, IF ’62 Jonathan Tretler MIA ’94 Dwight A. Bowler, MIA ’79 David Chase Lopes, MIA ’92 Alper A. Tunca, MPA ’05 Andrea Lynn Johnson, MIA ’89 Scott Budde, MIA ’83 Jerrold L. Mallory, MIA ’83, CERT ’83 Sharmila Hainum Tuttle, MIA ’05 Michone Trinae Johnson, MPA ’96 Allen L. Byrum, MIA ’72 Sonia P. Maltezou, MIA ’70 Ralph W. Usinger, MIA ’73 Caroline C. Kay Robert Christopher Callahan, MIA ’05 Sean Rosen Mandel, MPA ’07 and Frederi Joseph Vagnini, MIA ’89 John J. Kerr, IF ’76 Joan O. Camins, IF ’73 Marian Rosen Joseph L. Vidich, MIA ’80 Do-Hyung Kim, MIA ’00 Mary W. Carpenter, MIA ’51 Ann E. March, MIA ’99 Gregory Alexander Viscusi, MIA ’91, Joachim W. Kratz, MIA ’58 Elisa A. Charters, MIA ’02 Ludwig J. Marek, MPA ’07 IF ’91 Stephanie Beth Wolk Lawrence, MPA ’93/ Kai J. Chin, MIA ’78 Jocelyn Maskow, MPA ’88 Hans Herbert Wahl, MIA ’95 Boston Foundation Dale Christensen, MIA ’71 and Patricia John B. McGrath, MIA ’80, IF ’80, Efrot Weiss, IF ’89, MIA, ’89 George M. Lazarus, IF ’69 Hewitt, MIA ’71 CERT ’80 Helgard Wienert-Cakim, MIA ’62 Ryan S. Lester, MIA ’01 and Amy Lester Dale S. Collinson, IF ’62 Milton W. Meyer, MIA ’49 Frank G. Wisner Jirawat Sophon Lewprasert, MIA ’84 James Anthony Coppola, MIA ’87 Marianne Mitosinka, MIA ’81 Anna Wojnarowska, MPA ’04 John F. Lippmann, MIA ’49 Karen J. Curtin, MIA ’78, IF ’78 Tracey Ellen Morzano, MIA ’94 Silas H. L. Wu Dallas D. Lloyd, MIA ’58 Carolyn P. Dewing-Hommes, MIA ’86, Yaya Moussa, MPA ’98 Juliet Wurr, MIA ’89, IF ’89 Eric Rogan Mason, MIA ’95 CERT ’86 David W. Munves, MIA ’80, IF ’80 Hideo Yanai, MIA ’96 Dan McIntyre Richard Albert Dikeman, MPA ’99 Stephen S. Nelmes, MIA ’73 Nan Yang, MIA ’95 Sreedhar Menon Andrew M. Dry, MIA ’80, IF ’80 Carletta Nonziato, MIA ’84/ Zhijing Yin, MPA ’03 Amy L. Miller, MIA ’82 Judith Ann Edstrom, MIA ’72, IF ’72 Carron, LLC Catherine L. Yu-Mark David W. Miller Allen Eisendrath, MIA ’81, IF ’81 Dmitry Nikitin, MIA ’05 Shalini Mimani Mayada El-Zoghbi, MIA ’94, CERT ’94 Mary Agnes O’Donnell Hulme, MIA ’95 Up to $249 Morgan Stanley Smith Barney Global Cornelia Mai Ercklentz, MIA ’08 Avo Erik Ora, MIA ’98, IF ’98 Anonymous Impact Vincent A. Ferraro, MIA ’73, IF ’73 and Ruth G. Ornelas, MIA ’80, IF ’80 Ninfa A. Abad, MPA ’07 Catherine Mulder, MIA ’81 Priscilla A. Mandrachia Jennifer Hirsh Overton, MPA ’93 Amanda Adames Marmolejos Hiroko Murase, MIA ’91 Louise R. Firestone, MIA ’79 Kush B. Patel, MIA ’05 Can Adamoglu, MIA ’02 Ana Carolina Cabral Murphy, MIA ’09 Susan H. Frieden Nirmala S. Patni, MPA ’01 Carl B. Adams, MIA ’72 Stephanie G. Neuman/I. & B. Neuman Sridhar Ganesan, MIA ’96 Carol Jean Patterson, MIA ’76, CERT ’76 William J. Adler, MIA ’80 Foundation Hui Gao, MPA ’01 Jon S. Pearl and Barbara S. Pearl Afua P. Adusei Yigit Onat, MIA ’10 and Hahna Kim John C. Garrett, IF ’66/Garrett Family Tas Ling Pinther, MIA ’94 Alice Agoos, MIA ’80 Evan Hartley Platt/Hartley Corporation Foundation Thomas Guenter Plagemann, MIA ’91 Laura Maria Agosta Henrietta B. Pons, MIA ’64/Henrietta B. Jeffrey Franklin Gay, MIA ’04 Peter J. Podbielski, MIA ’74 Christiana H. Aguiar, MIA ’89 Pons Trust Victor Gotbaum, MIA ’50 Jefrey Ian Pollock, MPA ’97 Fareez Ahmed, MIA ’09 Clara Katingo Quintanilla, MIA ’82 Manuel G. Grace, IF ’82 Robert W. Pons, MIA ’64 Lincoln N. Ajoku, MIA ’08 Ailsa Roell and Patrick Bolton Carl C. Greer, IF ’63 David C. Ralph, MIA ’67 Adam J. Albin, MIA ’86 Daniel Rose and Joanna S. Rose Maureen-Elizabeth Hagen, MIA ’83, Julie Ramirez, MIA ’94 Delalle Nasr Strateman Alexander, Osman Shahenshah, MIA ’97 CERT ’83 John M. Reid, MIA ’64 MIA ’85 Aaron Venn Singer, MPA ’04 Kay L. Hancock Robert D. Reischauer, MIA ’66 Don William Alexander, MPA ’05 Vikram Jeet Singh, MIA ’03, IF ’03 and Peter L. Harnik, MIA ’75 Jeremy Neal Reiskin, MIA ’87 Jordan Alexander Dilshika Jayamaha Gordana D. Harris, MIA ’84 Lucius J. Riccio Karen Jeannette Alexander, MPA ’90 Tara Jayne Sullivan, MPA ’86 Ian Andrew Held, MIA ’95, IF ’95 William James Rigler, MIA ’03, IF ’03 Keely Dean Alexander Sharyn Menegus Taylor, MIA ’85 Warren E. Hewitt, MIA ’50 Robert M. Rodes Paula Alfonso, MIA ’11 Maxwell Konrad Trautman, MIA ’92 Christopher John Hirth, MIA ’96 William A. Root, MIA ’48, CERT ’48 Patrice L. Allen-Gifford, MIA ’81 Katherine Hale Hovde, MIA ’89 and Smedes Rose, MIA ’94 Erasto B. Almeida, MIA ’06 $250–$499 Kenneth Kulak Marian Rosen Douglas Vincent Almond Kaori Adachi, MIA ’99 Thomas W. Hoya, CERT ’69 Anne O’Toole Salinas, MIA ’96, CERT ’96 Robert J. Alpino, MIA ’85 Simon K. Adamiyatt, MIA ’81, CERT ’81 Christopher Ko Hu, IF ’73 Joseph Andrew Samborsky, MPA ’04 Stephen Altheim, IF ’69 Kiyoshi Amada, MIA ’94 Yutaka Matsuura Ishizaka, CERT ’82 Salvatore V. Sampino, MIA ’83 Nourah Ali AITwairqi Sanford Antignas Merit Janow Julie Elizabeth Satow, MIA ’01 Luis Alvarez Renta, MPA ’09 Morten Arntzen, MIA ’79, IF ’79 Edward Van K. Jaycox, MIA ’64, Herbert A. Schectman, MIA ’58 Daniel Alvarez, MPA ’09 Isabelle Jacqueline Aussourd, MIA ’02 CERT ’64 Deborah Gwen Schein, MIA ’88, Elena M. Alvarez, MPA ’84 Roshma A. Azeem, MPA ’04 Mary Tyler Johnson, MPA ’04/Ayco CERT ’88 Kenneth Alvord II Leonard J. Baldyga, MIA ’62 Charitable Foundation Susan Ellen Schorr, MPA ’98/MGS & RRS Austin Chinegwu Amalu, MIA ’81 David A. Balzarini, IF ’62 Stuart MacLean Johnson, MIA ’67 Charitable Trust Ryan M. Ames, MPA ’09 Rukiye Zeynep Basak, MPA ’05 Richard B. Jones, MIA ’80 Ernst J. Schrader, MIA ’65 Yotam David Amit

40 SIPA NEWS Donor List SIPA

Gauri Anand, MPA ’11 Deirdre Grane Brennan, MIA ’01, IF ’01 Matt K. Clemons Raphael A. Diaz, MIA ’63 Bridget Anderson, MPA ’04 and Christian Grane, MIA ’01 Jayana J. Clerk, CERT ’77 Daniel and Belle Dicker G. Norman Anderson, MIA ’60 Philip Stern Brennan, MIA ’06 Drew Dumas Coburn, MIA ’87 Jessica Ephra Dickler, MPA ’04 John C. Angle, IF ’69 Gretchen Stahr Breunig, MPA ’88 Natalie Greenan Coburn, MIA ’89 Maria Christina Dikeos, MIA ’92 Shehriyar D. Antia, MIA ’03 Karl Wilhelm Brown, MIA ’06 Laurie L. N. Cochran, MIA ’79 Alok Disa Iris R. Argento, CERT ’67 Keith Dawayne Brown, MIA ’89 Ann-Marie Cofield, MPA ’10 Stephen D. Docter, MIA ’60 Nikolaos Argeros, MPA ’10 Keith Mac Brown, MPA ’90 and Jennifer Daniel Moshe Cohen, MIA ’04 Hidayet Dogan, MIA ’82 Sunil Arora Lyle Green, MPA ’90 Denise Ann Cohen, MIA ’93, CERT ’93 Kerry Anne Dolan, MIA ’92 Emily Talbot Ashton, MPA ’04 William C. Brown, IF ’67 Dillon Lockwood Cohen, MIA ’09 Lucia Adele Domville, MIA ’96 Sarah S. Ashton, MIA ’93 Michelle Nichole Browne, MPA ’92 Ellen Miriam Cohen, MPA ’03 Melissa Sawin Donohue, MIA ’93 Elizabeth Athey, MIA ’71 John P. Bruggen, MPA ’00 F. Bruce Cohen, MPA ’91 Christianna Casey Dove, MIA ’06 Karen Nicole Attiah Jennifer Tara Bruno Graham Charles Cohen, MIA ’91 Sharla Kathryn Draemel, MPA ’01 Dooneshsingh Audit, MPA ’09 Cecile R. Brunswick, MIA ’54 Neil Hayward Cohen, MPA ’89 Bogdan Cornel Dragulescu, MPA ’03 Ana Elena Azpurua, MIA ’09 William Ransom Bryant Daniela Coleman Ruth I. Dreessen, MIA ’80 Sally Baek, MPA ’85 Laurance Nicholas Buencamino Jennifer DeRosa Collins, MPA ’05 Bruce H. Drossman, MIA ’82, IF ’82, Sungwon Baik, MIA ’02 Beverley Jeanine Buford, MPA ’86 Joseph J. Collins, MIA ’80, IF ’80 and CERT ’82 Charles Edward Baker, MIA ’92 Andrew Craig Buher, MPA ’10 Anita L. Collins Jennifer Bee Dudley, MPA ’04 Laura Shannon Ballman, MIA ’00, IF ’00 Sonia Virginie Bujas, MIA ’92, CERT ’92 Glenn L. Colville, MIA ’75 Grant M. Duers, MPA ’07 Moran Banai, MIA ’06 and Nuno Miguel C. Crisostomo, Bernard Francis Condon, MIA ’91, Christopher William Dula Saptarsi Bandyopadhyay, MIA ’11 MIA ’01 CERT ’91 and Patricia Anne Clary, Leo J. Dulacki Zdzislaw Baran Leonardo Bullaro, MPA ’08 MIA ’91 Matthew W. Dundrea, IF ’77 Aimee Elise Keli’i Barnes, MPA ’07 Gordon Marshall Burck, MIA ’86 Susan E. Condon, MIA ’70, IF ’70, Cecilia Elizabeth Dunn, MPA ’93 Wayne M. Barnstone, MIA ’79 Sarah Burd-Sharps, MIA ’87 CERT ’70 Edward K. Dzielenski Nicole Ann Barrett, MIA ’95, CERT ’95 Robert K. Burghart, CERT ’79 Marybeth Connolly, MIA ’01 E. Michael Easterly, MIA ’68 Matthew David Barron, MPA ’10 Kevin James Burgwinkle, MIA ’06, IF ’06 Maureen Considine, MIA ’86 Joanne Edgar, MIA ’68 Chhitij Bashyal Janet A. Burroughs, MIA ’89 Richard Cooper, IF ’85 Wakana Nakagami Edmister, MPA ’02 Justina Baskauskas, MIA ’94, IF ’94 Marta Eugenia Cabrera, MIA ’85, Mary Griffiths Cooperman, MIA ’84 John Ehrman, MIA ’83 Elizabeth A. Bassan, MIA ’79, IF ’79 CERT ’85 Anthony R. Corea, MIA ’79 William B. Eimich Kevin Alan Baumert, MIA ’98 Pierre J. Cachia Jeronimo Cortina, MPA ’03 Isaac Manfred Elfstrom, MIA ’07 Alicia Jewel Beal Fabrizio Cadamagnani, MPA ’11 Richard W. Cortright, MIA ’82 Francis Granville Eliot, MIA ’11 Kenton H. Beerman, MIA ’05 Gerald A. Cady, MIA ’76, CERT ’76 Steven Roy Costner, MIA ’88 Susanne Noelle Elizer, MPA ’96 Julie A. Beglin, MPA ’97 Kristen Klemme Cady-Sawyer, MPA ’06 Jeffrey Larter Cox, MIA ’89 Betsy Rossen Elliot, MIA ’84, IF ’84 Michael Armand Beirnard Michael A. Cairl, MIA ’77, IF ’77 Monica Inez Cramer, MIA ’92 Sari J. Ellovich, MIA ’75 Wanda J. Bell, MPA ’08 Marjorie E. Campbell Helen Cregger, MPA ’92 Chase Edward Emmerson Scot H. Bellows, MIA ’79 Robin C. Campbell, IF ’76 Robert S. Critchell, MIA ’70 Rida Eng, MIA ’00 Nancy Hays Bendiner, IF ’72 Jeffrey L. Canfield, MIA ’82, CERT ’82 Burton C. Crow, IF ’77 Gordon Epstein, MIA ’75, IF ’75, Yvette E. Benedek, MIA ’81 Forrest Andrew Carhartt Matthew Russell Cruse CERT ’75 Tudor Vlad Benga Donald L. Carpenter, CERT ’54 Alvin Robert Cruz, MPA ’87 Dara Erck, MIA ’03 Juan Manuel Benitez-Fernel, MIA ’01 Nontrel Kesha Carwell, MPA ’05 Bernadette Cruz, MIA ’08 Amelia A. Erwitt, MPA ’06 Sonja Jean Bensen, MIA ’89 Elizabeth Hopkins Cashen, MIA ’01 and Mercedes Cubas, MIA ’81 Franklin Etchu Egbe, MPA ’11 Paul D. Berk, IF ’62 David V. Cashen Nikken Cullman, MIA ’09 Travis F. Evans Stephen Michael Berk, CERT ’72 Valenice Castronovo, MIA ’80 Victoria R. Cunningham, MIA ’75 James David Fahn, MIA ’02 Thomas Paul Bernstein, CERT ’66 Barbara Foulke Cates, MIA ’84 Donald J. Curry Peter Seth Falcier, MIA ’07 Genevieve R. Besser, MIA ’86 Mary Kathleen Catlin, MIA ’94 Vanda Czifra, MIA ’11 Joshua Chaplin Farley, MIA ’90, CERT ’90 Wendy Lee Kutlow Best, MPA ’87 David Michael Caughlin, MPA ’07 Alessandra Mendes Da Silva, MIA ’89 Susan Silver Farley, MIA ’78 Dorcas Jeanine Bethel, MPA ’95 John Joseph Cenney, MIA ’92 Theodore Albert D’Afflisio, MIA ’71 Robert S. Faron, IF ’75 Richard K. Betts Elizabeth Ellen Champlin Geske, MIA ’87 Kevin Towne D’Albert, MIA ’90 and Maheen Saleem Farooqi, MIA ’11 Peter James Biesada, MIA ’86 Barbara Chan Nancy Carney, MIA ’93 Judy Anne Farrell, MPA ’96 Charles G. Billo, MIA ’67 Ann H. Chaney, MIA ’91 Dolores J. Daly, MPA ’95 Antoine Faye William N. Binderman, IF ’63 Martin A. Charwat, CERT ’65 Karl I. Danga, MIA ’72, IF ’71 Brent Feigenbaum, MIA ’84 Leopold Von Bismarck, MIA ’78 Jason Kinbon Chau, MIA ’08 Gina Maria Dario, MIA ’00 Aurelius Fernandez, MIA ’59 Alexandra Bokan Blair Swati Kumari Chaudhary Sara Gabriela David Alexander Patrick Conrad Fernando, Whitney Beth Blake, MPA ’07 Amy Li Chen Joel Davidow, IF ’63 MIA ’05 John Langdon Blakeney, MPA ’06 Shiliang Thomas Chen Adrienne D. Davis Nancy A. Ferrante, MIA ’09 Lisa Zucrow Block, MPA ’81 Winifred Debbie Chen, MPA ’07 Edward N. De Lia, MIA ’87 Craig James Ferrantino, MIA ’92 Tammy Sue Blossom, MPA ’96 Peter Chin, MIA ’11 Dorothy T. de Vogel, CERT ’55 Diane P. Fink, MIA ’79 Alisa Blum, MPA ’00 Muzaffar A. Chishti, MIA ’81 Toni Elizabeth Dechario, MIA ’07 Roger Ransdell Fisk, MPA ’04 Christopher Joseph Bodington, MIA ’11 Shachi Chopra-Nangia, MIA ’00 Anthony Deckoff, MIA ’07 Kristin Raphaele Willey Fitzgerald, Michael Drury Bodman, MIA ’96 Paul Brian Christensen, MIA ’83 Carol M. Degener, MIA ’84 MIA ’94 Holly Bernson Bogin, MIA ’88 Ingrid D. Christophel, MIA ’83 Katarina Deletis, MIA ’00 Howard Barrett Flanders, IF ’62 Andrea R. Bonime-Blanc, IF ’81, Siew Leng Chuah, MIA ’84 Frank Anthony Dell’Aquila, MPA ’07 H. Joseph Flatau, MIA ’61 CERT ’81 Sandra G. Chutorian, MIA ’82, CERT ’82 Diane Leslie Demmler, MIA ’87 Kathryn Anne Fleury, MIA ’93 Robert Boothby, IF ’62 Jeff Geefen Chyu, MIA ’83 Sonali S. Desai, MIA ’00 Bradley Feeney Foerster, MIA ’88, Sebastian Borchmeyer William Ciaccio, MPA ’79 Elinor M. Despalatovic, CERT ’59 CERT ’88 Trudy E. Bower-Pirinis, MIA ’78 Amanda Hoagland Clark, CERT ’82 Amy K. Devaney James Fonda, MPA ’07 W. Donald Bowles, CERT ’52 Azeb G. Clark, MIA ’96 Gary Francis Di Gesu, MIA ’89 David Stewart Fondiller, MIA ’92 David Daniel Boyle, MPA ’98 Peter James Clayton, MPA ’90 Philip E. Di Giovanni Anne D. Ford, MIA ’05

SIPA NEWS 41 Donor List SIPA

Laura Ellen Forlano, MIA ’01 Brigid Flynn Haeckel, MPA ’90 Erik Jacobs, IF ’85, MIA ’85 P. Nicholas Kourides, IF ’70 Edin Forto, MIA ’01, CERT ’01 W. David Hager, IF ’66 Eric Davis Jacobsen, MPA ’06 Paul M. Kozar, MIA ’75 Laura Herbert Foster, MPA ’10 Robin Greene Hagey, MIA ’80 Adam Jagelski, MIA ’95 Lomi Laura Kriel and Rachel Gabrielle Richard W. Foster, MIA ’69 Ayesha Haider-Marra, MIA ’04 Wynne James, MIA ’71 Uranga William S. Foster, MIA ’06 Mykola Haliv Rehan Rafay Jamil, MIA ’11 Matt Kumparatana, MPA ’02 Catherine Starin Foster-Anderson, Scott Praeger Hall, MIA ’92 Adrienne Mia Jarsvall, MPA ’11 Carlos Augusto Kuriyama, MIA ’05 and MPA ’04 Bonnie Sue Halpern, MIA ’72 Christopher Silva Jenkins, MIA ’11 Ann Mizumoto, MIA ’06 Donald T. Fox Joel Martin Halpern Bradley Jennison Richard W. Kurz, MIA ’77 Jackie Frankel, MPA ’09 Shamsul Haque, MPA ’10 Carlos Jerez-Bernal Alina Kwak, MPA ’06 Hugh Corning Fraser, MPA ’95/ Ayelet Klara Haran, MPA ’11 Mary Tyler Johnson, MPA ’04 Susanne Kyzivat, MIA ’84 Community Foundation of Greater Katherine Olivia Hardy, MIA ’97 Richard J. Johnson, CERT ’65 Elizabeth A. LaBarbera, MPA ’10 Memphis Velinda Tomelden Harjono, MIA ’97 Sonia P. Johnson, MIA ’48 Laurin L. Laderoute, IF ’66 Alexander Mols Fraser, MPA ’90 Vanessa H. Harper, MIA ’10 Rashmi Elizabeth Jose Polly Nora Lagana, MPA ’04 Gerald S. Freedman, IF ’62 Jonathan Harris, MIA ’59, CERT ’59 John Charles Jove, MIA ’85 Thomas M. Lahiff, MIA ’74 Amy Esther Friedman, MIA ’92 Laura Suzanne Harwood, MPA ’92 Walter E. Judge, MIA ’85, IF ’85 Andres Lalinde Caroline Hearn Fuchs, MIA ’86 Md Mehdi Hassan, MIA ’00 Peter H. Juviler, CERT ’54 James Lalremruata, MPA ’03 Brian Barden Fuller, MPA ’11 James G. Hatcher, IF ’62 Velika Kabakchieva, MPA ’07 Jose M. Lamas, MIA ’86 Robert John Gallagher, MIA ’90 Gary Edward Hayes, MIA ’81, CERT ’81 Mark H. Kagan, MIA ’81, CERT ’81 Richard M. Lamport, MIA ’62 Alexander Galsky, MIA ’10 Maureen Hays-Mitchell, MIA ’83, Stephanie Anne Kahn, MIA ’09 Debbie A. Landres, MIA ’06 Matthew Phillip Gantz CERT ’83 Ann Dolan Kaiser, MIA ’80, IF ’80 Julie Werner Lane, MPA ’92 Karina Garcia-Casalderrey, MIA ’02 Susan L. Hazard Kamil Kaluza, MPA ’06 Thomas Richard Lansner, MIA ’91 Emma Gardner, MIA ’11 Lisa Ray Hecht-Cronstedt, MIA ’08 Nancy C. Kamen, MPA ’86 Claudia Laviada, MIA ’00 John G. Garrard, CERT ’64 Rex S. Heinke, IF ’74 Christopher Roger Kaminker, MIA ’09 Eugene Kistler Lawson, CERT ’69 Frances X. Gates Elizabeth W. Heinsohn, MIA ’89 Amishi Ajay Kapadia, MIA ’02 Bozidar Lazarevic Stephen Bernt Gaull, MIA ’88, CERT ’88 Hertha W. Heiss, CERT ’51 Elisa A. Kapell, MIA ’79, IF ’79, CERT ’79 Lynn F. Lee, MIA ’57 Joseph G. Gavin, MIA ’70 Gladys Heitin and Elliott Klitzman Alex M. Kaplan, MIA ’85 Grace Lee, MIA ’07 Benjamin D. Geber, MPA ’90 Joshua Rob Hepola, MIA ’00, IF ’00 Leonardo Karrer, MIA ’09 and Kristen Seung-Yeon Lee, MIA ’03 Brian Houng Gee, MIA ’04 Alan J. Herbach, MIA ’79 Marie Cleven, MIA ’09 Bogdan Theodore Leja, MIA ’91 Russell W. Geekie, MIA ’01 Richard Hermanowski Lloyd R. Kass, MPA ’98 Philip J. Lemanski, MPA ’86 Frank Hermannus Gerritzen, MIA ’94 Miguel Angel Hernandez, MIA ’01 Richard G. Kass Amanda V. Leness, MIA ’93 Daniel J. Gettings, MIA ’96 Garry W. Hesser, IF ’64 Lilian Kastner, MIA ’06 Suzanna Lengyel Osama Gharizi, MIA ’11 Andrew William Higgins, MIA ’91 Elizabeth Lynn Katkin, MIA ’92, IF ’92 Sandra M. Lennon, MIA ’95 Elizabeth Schumann Ghauri, MIA ’94 John F. Hildebrand, IF ’66 Peggy Ockkyung Kauh, MPA ’01 Oliver Andrew Lennox, MIA ’09 Christine Wrona Giallongo, MIA ’90, Peter J. Hill, MPA ’11 Hirofumi Kawakita, MPA ’01 Ignacio Leon Gil CERT ’90 William E. Hiller, IF ’76 Michael Barden Keegan, IF ’86 Lane Russell Leskela, MIA ’89 Susan C. Gigli, MIA ’87 Johanna Hjerthen, MIA ’98 Spurgeon M. Keeny Julia and Robert Lester Diana Michele Glanternik, MPA ’05 Nadia Man-Chuang Ho, MIA ’03 Katherine B. Keller, MIA ’82 Gina Patricia LeVeque, MIA ’07 Vladimir Nicolas Glasinovic, MIA ’11 Lyndell A. Hogan, MPA ’93 Charles Robert Kelly, MIA ’83 Sergio Levin, MIA ’79 Adam Spencer Glatzer, MPA ’07 Leif Holmberg, MIA ’08 Donn M. Kessler Joshua Gregory Levine, MIA ’99, IF ’99 John J. Gmerek Michael A. Holubar, MIA ’77 Clarice J. Kestenbaum Noah M. Levine, MIA ’05 Eric Daniel Goldstein, MIA ’86 Nicole Janine Holzapfel, MIA ’94 John F. Khanlian, MIA ’69 Nadine Netter Levy, MIA ’70/Hess-Levy Edward Daniel Gometz, MIA ’01 Lindsey Levit Honari, MIA ’97 Michele Llona Wray Khateri, MIA ’97 Family Foundation Grace Ellen Goodell, MIA ’69 Joon Seok Hong, MIA ’05 Bahman Kia, CERT ’80 Deborah Jacobs Levy, MPA ’92 Nicholas Nickfant Gouede, MIA ’86 Janet Irene Horan, MPA ’05 Yoshiko Kido James John Lewellis, MIA ’04 David E. Gould, IF ’94, MIA ’94 Pamela A. Houghtaling, MIA ’74, Mary C. King, MIA ’79 David Yifong Li, MIA ’08 Rodney E. Gould, IF ’68 CERT ’74 Noelle King, IF ’84 Fiona Fangxin Li, MIA ’10 Allan I. Grafman, MIA ’77, IF ’77/ Gail Lewis Howard, MIA ’84 Brigitte Lehner Kingsbury, MIA ’89 Xuehui Li, MIA ’05 Allmedia Ventures William D. Howells, MIA ’60, CERT ’60 Gordon A. Kingsley, MIA ’81 Arthur Dominique Liacre, MIA ’04 Ann Blumberg Graham, MIA ’81 John F. Howes, CERT ’54 Molly Catherine Kinney, MIA ’93 Amy Lile, MPA ’05 Francis Lincoln Grahlfs, CERT ’55 Kang Shih Huang, MIA ’74 Nancy K. Kintner-Meyer, MIA ’89 Mony Liquard, MIA ’02 John A. Grammer, MIA ’63 Christopher P. Hufstader, MIA ’96 James Henry Kipers, MIA ’02 Alexandre Brites Lira, MPA ’08 Jennifer Youtz Grams, MPA ’99 Richard W. Hull, CERT ’65 Nina Kishore, MPA ’07 John Joseph Lis, MIA ’96, IF ’96, Carolyn B. Green, MIA ’63 Thomas N. Hull, MIA ’73, IF ’73, Adam Ferrier Klauber, MPA ’04 CERT ’96 Karl Hans Greimel, MIA ’98 CERT ’73 Jean L. Klein Daniel Brown Little, MIA ’05 Andrea Christine Griffin, MIA ’11 Joseph Kindall Hurd, MIA ’94, IF ’94 Bernard Klem, MIA ’63 Kai-Chun Liu, MPA ’82 Jill M. Grillo, MIA ’89 Claire Estelle Marie Husson, MPA ’05 Anne R. Knulst, MIA ’51 Victoria Liu, MIA ’75, CERT ’75 Carole A. Grunberg, MIA ’78 Thomas J. Hyra, MIA ’76, IF ’76 Murat Kocabas, MIA ’11 Robert T. Livernash, MIA ’73, IF ’73 Guy B. Gugliotta, MIA ’73 Francesco Rocco Iberg Anjali Devi Kochar, MIA ’01 Jennifer Catherine Livingstone, MIA ’11 Sahil Gulati David Lee Ibsen Kari Odquist Kohl, MIA ’99 Emily Yottie Loebelson Jian Wei Guo, MPA ’04 Roberto Inda, MPA ’05 Junji Koike, MPA ’11 Ka Chun Georgina Lok, MPA ’06 Sarita Gupta, MIA ’79, CERT ’79 Ehsan Isaac Iraniparast Annette Phyllis Kondo, IF ’86 Jody Susan London, MPA ’90 Daniel and Susan Gutterman Helen Drew Isenberg, MIA ’54 Paik Har Kong, MIA ’82 James Michael Lonergan, MPA ’92 Deena Jal Guzder, MIA ’08 Ogniana Vassileva Ivanova, MIA ’02 Sandra Y. Koo, MIA ’90 and Austin Long Jonathan Sullivan Gyurko, MPA ’00 Thomas C. Izard Jonathan Shaw William P. Looney Viktoria Habanova, MIA ’08 Roy Christopher Jackson, MPA ’90 Victor Koshkin-Youritzin, IF ’65 Andrew David Lorber, MIA ’08 Michele Anke Haberland, MPA ’04 Jennifer A. Jackson-Strage, MPA ’91 Stephanie Jane Kosmo, MIA ’84 William Anthony Lorenz, MIA ’99 Amir Hadziomeragic, MIA ’01 Daniel N. Jacobs, CERT ’53 Tushar D. Kothari Ronald Dean Lorton, MIA ’71, IF ’71

42 SIPA NEWS Donor List SIPA

Ping Fong Louie, MIA ’85 Patricia Marie McSharry, MIA ’86, Hannah Fay Nudell, MIA ’09, IF ’09 David L. Porter, IF ’63 Sarah Pressman Lovinger, MIA ’90 CERT ’86 Ronald W. O’Connor, IF ’64 Margaret Edsall Powell, MIA ’01 Paik-Swan Low, MIA ’85 and Steven Mary Helen McSweeney-Feld, MIA ’79 Thomas F. O’Connor, MIA ’76 Jennifer Elise Powers-Darrington, Arthur Hirsch, MPA ’85 Stephanie Hope Meade, MIA ’02 Noreen O’Donnell, MIA ’97 MIA ’06 Erica Granetz Lowitz, MPA ’94 Laila M. Mehdi, MIA ’86 Peter Damian O’Driscoll, MIA ’97 Chandni Sivasriaumphai Prasad, MIA ’96 Julia Y. Lu, MPA ’03 Neeru Mehra, MIA ’79 James A. Oesterle, MIA ’65, IF ’65 Sarah C. Pratt William H. Luers Richard Mei, MIA ’85 Lorelei Brooke O’Hagan, MIA ’08 Beatriz Prieto-Oramas, MIA ’05 Jessica Lustbader, MPA ’11 Claire Anne Bradt Meier, MIA ’04 Harry John O’Hara, MIA ’91, IF ’91 and Joseph Procopio, MIA ’72 Mark J. Lux, MIA ’79 Joslyn Edelstein Meier, MIA ’07 Annika Linden O’Hara, MIA ’91 Kelly Proctor, MPA ’10 Yuwei Ma, MIA ’07 Hermes Elpidio Mena, MPA ’09 Valdimir Olarte Cadavid James Frederick Prusky, MIA ’96 Cynthia MacDonald, IF ’77 Jack W. Mendelsohn, CERT ’77 Amber Elana Oliver, MIA ’02, IF ’02 Sami Qadan, MPA ’07 Vernon L. Mack, MIA ’73 Patricia Bernadette Mendoza, MIA ’97 Christina Marie Oliver, MPA ’04 Glenda Liu Quarnstrom, MIA ’77, Patricia M. Macken Stephen Carlos Mercado, MIA ’88, Irvin Washington Oliver, MIA ’08, IF ’08 CERT ’77 Alberta S. Magzanian, CERT ’56 CERT ’88 Clarence W. Olmstead, IF ’67 Jenik R. Radon Harpreet Mahajan, CERT ’80 Stephanie Crane Mergenthaler, MIA ’98 Paul Victor Olsson, MIA ’87 Chitra Raghavacharya, MIA ’01 Michael Thomas Maier, MIA ’08 Michael G. Merin, MIA ’84, IF ’84, Onuwabhagbe Abbey Omokhodion, Thomas Nelson Rains, MPA ’11 Kenneth F. Mailloux, CERT ’74 CERT ’84 MIA ’00 Allison Joy Ramler, MIA ’96, CERT ’96 Haim Malka, MIA ’01 Alexandra Merle-Huet, MIA ’04 Yalman Onaran, MIA ’93 Timothy Paul Ramsey, MIA ’93 Roy Andrew Malmrose, MIA ’84 Samuel Austin Merrill, MIA ’99, IF ’99 Gwynne Arian Oosterbaan, MIA ’97, Rikha Sharma Rani, MIA ’11 Joel Nordin Maloney, MIA ’96 Katherine M. Metres, MIA ’97, IF ’97 CERT ’97 Andrea L. Rankin, MPA ’97 Paulo Cesar de F. Mamede, MPA ’05 Jeffrey Peter Metzler, MPA ’99 Mary Ann Oppenheimer, MIA ’69 David J. Ransdell, MIA ’82 Lawrence H. Mamiya, IF ’68 Calvin Marshall Mew, IF ’72 Marie Agnes O’Reilly, MIA ’11 Adam Clive Raphaely, MPA ’07 Sarah Vanesa Manaker, MIA ’04, IF ’04 Brian R. Meyers, MPA ’06 Angela Ortiz, MIA ’08 Jonathan Jellis Rawlings Harriet Lee Mandel, MIA ’85, CERT ’85 Frank J. Miceli, MIA ’92 Ashley Coats Orton, MIA ’07, CERT ’07 Gary J. Reardon, MPA ’80 Judyt L. Mandel Thomas R. Michelmore, MIA ’74 Bruce A. Ortwine, MIA ’78 Eunice S. Reddick, MIA ’74, IF ’74 Justin Mandel, MIA ’09 Adin Calis Miller, MPA ’96 Joseph Osenni, MPA ’79 Beth Karen Rehman, MIA ’05 Richard V. B. Manix, IF ’70 Charles Russell Miller, MIA ’99, CERT ’99 Kimberley Ostrowski, MPA ’07 Richard T. Reiter, MIA ’85 Theodore E. Mankovich, IF ’71 George R. Milner, MIA ’49 and Norah Laura Otterbourg, MIA ’87 Jason Warren Rekate, MIA ’00 Roberta T. Manning Leckey Milner, MIA ’49 Marilyn G. Ozer, MIA ’71 Janet S. Resele-Tiden, MIA ’92 Ida May H. Mantel, MIA ’64 Courtney Sara Lawrence Minard, MIA ’03 William M. Packard, IF ’70 Michelle D. Rexach-Subira, MPA ’96 Robert B. Mantel, MIA ’63 Edmund M. Mitchell, MIA ’73 Elizabeth Sherrerd Page, MPA ’98 Russell E. Richey, IF ’65 Thibaud Marcesse, MIA ’05 Marilyn Mitchell Angie P. Palacios Scott Andrew Richman, MIA ’91 Sarah Marchal Murray, MPA ’04 Ayoti Mittra, MIA ’11 Eunha Enna Park, MIA ’89 Susan B. Rifkin, MIA ’69, CERT ’69 Frank J. Marsella, MIA ’76 Arsalan Mohajer Amitabh Passi, MIA ’05 Samuel Hamilton Rikkers, MIA ’04 Edward Adger Marshall, MIA ’03 Redmond Kathleen Molz Amal Shashikant Patel, MIA ’02 and Eduardo Rivas, MIA ’04 Randi Marshall, MPA ’02 Kathleen P. Mone, MPA ’81 Darcy Diane Anderson, MIA ’02 Nina Camille Robbins, MIA ’11 Zachary Blake Marshall, MIA ’91, Jeffrey Gordon Moore, MIA ’85, Radha N. Patel, MPA ’06 Yoel Ephrain Robens-Paradise, MPA ’92 IF ’91 CERT ’85 Grant R. Patrick, MIA ’81 Debra Leigh Robertson, MPA ’02 Michael G. Martinson, MIA ’70 Joanne Catherine Moore, MPA ’00 and Susan C. Patterson, MIA ’77 Sara E. Robertson, MIA ’84 Raul Kazimierz Martynek, MIA ’93 Kenneth C. Moore Kathleen A. Pauker, MIA ’79 Pearl Theodora Robinson, CERT ’72 M. Haytham Matthews, IF ’78 Charlotte T. Morgan-Cato, MIA ’67 Jessica Horan Payne, MPA ’02 William Rodgers, MIA ’91 Anneliese Farrell Mauch, MIA ’93, Kin W. Moy, MIA ’90 Andrew Collins Peach, MIA ’98 Catherine Rodriguez, MPA ’10, IF ’10 CERT ’93 Louis J. Murphy, MIA ’64 John Edward Peck, CERT ’91 Dorena Lynn Rodriguez, MPA ’96 Rebecca Lynn May Rebecca Elizabeth Myers, MPA ’07 John A. Pecoul, IF ’64 Riordan J. A. Roett, MIA ’61 Elizabeth Sheafe Mayer Robert O. Myhr, MIA ’62 Barbara Pehlivanian Andrew Romay Toby E. Mayman, MIA ’65 James P. Nach, MIA ’66 Richard J. Pera, MIA ’79 Patricia Rooney, MIA ’82 Glenn Edward McCartan, MPA ’11 Jonathan Jacob Nadler, MPA ’81 Diana Carolina Pereira Susan O. Rose, CERT ’68 Amanda Waring McClenahan, MPA ’02 Sawa Nakagawa, MIA ’09 Don Peretz Kathryn Ann Rosenblum, MIA ’86 Alexander Ian McCloskey, MPA ’05 Sidney Nakao Nakahodo, MIA ’05 Jack R. Perry, CERT ’58 Emily Glaser Ross Ann Hunt McDermott, MPA ’90 Meghan E.W. Nalbo, MIA ’07 Ned King Peterson, MIA ’06, IF ’06 Jay Ross, MPA ’11 John Lewis McDonald, MIA ’93, Ophelie Namiech, MIA ’11 Dennis E. Petito, MIA ’77 Susan A. S. Rosthal, MIA ’71 CERT ’93 Joseph Francis Napoli, MIA ’89 Lawrence C. Petrowski, IF ’69 Nathalie E. Roth, MIA ’00 Brian C. McDonnell, MPA ’80 Richard B. Nash, IF ’83 Peter J. Pettibone Elizabeth Rothkopf, MIA ’99 Alan B. McDougall, MPA ’92 Edward Joseph Naughton, MIA ’08 Elizabeth M. Phillips, MIA ’79 Seymour Rotter, CERT ’49 Clifford Andrew McGadney, MPA ’06 Olga Nedeljkovic Maurice J. Picard, MIA ’61 Oleg Radkov Rouptchin, MIA ’02 Eugenia McGill, MIA ’00 Michele Diane Needham, MPA ’92 James Brian Pieri, MPA ’07 Richard C. Rowson, MIA ’50 Fred F. McGoldrick, MIA ’66 Chadwick C. Nehrt, IF ’81 Andrew J. Pierre, MIA ’57, IF ’57 Joanne Golden Ruchman, MIA ’77, IF ’77 James D. McGraw, MIA ’55 Oksana Dackiw Nesterczuk, MIA ’81, Monica Pina Alzugaray, MIA ’11 Moises Rudelman, MIA ’01 John T. McGuire, MIA ’63/McGuire CERT ’81 Jeffrey M. Pines, IF ’71 George F. Ruffner, MIA ’72 Family Foundation Daniel Thomas Newmann, MPA ’10 Daphne Anne Pinkerson, MIA ’85 Robert R. Ruggiero Rose W. McHenry, MIA ’62 Richard T. Newman, MIA ’51 Vanessa Pino Lockel, MPA ’03 Stephanie Priscilla Ruiz Anne N. McIntosh, MIA ’85, IF ’85 Tan Nguyen Costantino Pischedda Andrew James Russell, MIA ’89 Robert Calvin McKenney, MIA ’08 Ann Nicol, MIA ’77 Amanda Pitman Nona J. Russell, MPA ’85 John McKinley, MIA ’11 David Michael Nidus, MPA ’98 Robert Walter Pitulej, MPA ’96 Leonas Sabaliunas, MIA ’58, CERT ’58 Kathleen Roberta McNamara, MIA ’89, Christopher K. Nikolakopoulos, MIA ’52 Rachel L. Pohl, MPA ’84, IF ’84 Margaret Heflin Sabbag, MIA ’98 CERT ’89 Lila Fatemeh Noury, MIA ’06 Victor M. Polce, MIA ’79 Anthony R. Saccomano, MIA ’70 Robert E. McNulty, MIA ’83 Joanna Rachel Novick Sally Soo Hoo Pon, MPA ’82 Nigora Sachdeva, MIA ’11

SIPA NEWS 43 Donor List SIPA

Haroon Saeed, MIA ’95 Molly Catherine Spencer, MPA ’97 Susannah Violino, MIA ’81 Ellis Woodworth Youdal, MIA ’95 Carol R. Saivetz, MIA ’71, CERT ’71 Arthur Finn Spring, MIA ’88 Justin Gregory Vogt, MIA ’06, IF ’06 Mark Donald Young, MPA ’91 Simon Guadalupe Salas, MPA ’83 Daniel Sreebny, MIA ’78 Carrie Staub Vomacka, MIA ’06 Miriam A. Young, MIA ’91, CERT ’91 Alexandra Lisa Salomon, MIA ’99 Charles H. Srodes, IF ’65 Ulric Erickson Von Allmen, MIA ’94 William Jack Young, MPA ’90 Emily Saltzman Hoffner, MPA ’90 Robert Francis Staats, MIA ’83 Stephanie Von Stein, MIA ’93 Ying-Yue Yung Teresita Lucia Sanabria, MPA ’89 Elizabeth Stabler, MIA ’56 Clark David Wagner, MIA ’85 Laura Anne Zaks, MIA ’05 Sybil Bess Sanchez, MIA ’97 Marisa C. Stadtmauer, MPA ’93 Karen Marie Wagner, MIA ’02 Lawrence F. Zant, MIA ’51 Erica Sanders Claire S. Stelter Linda Mary Wagner, MPA ’08 Michael Shiel Zdanovich, MIA ’88 Elizabeth Perschbacher Sands, MPA ’07 Loren M. Stephens, MIA ’67 Maria M. Waite-Nied, MPA ’82 Marc-Claude Zeitoun, MIA ’91 Jahmal Liani Sands, MIA ’11 Amir Abraham Sternhell MIA ’91 Sarah A. Walbert, MIA ’80 Mathias Zeller, MIA ’11 Leslie Anne Santamaria, MIA ’06 Clyde Donald Stoltenberg, MIA ’85 Carrie Walker, MPA ’09 Rachel Zenner Kane, MPA ’98 Ana Catalina Santos Ramos Hari Subhash Robert Kimball Wallace, IF ’67 Allan Jianhua Zhang, MIA ’03 Manabu Sasaki, MIA ’01 Colin Sullivan Jeffrey Gene Waller, MIA ’02 Chenguang Zhang, MPA ’08 Matthew Schiavenza Jennifer Jaryi Sun, MIA ’97 Jesse Campoll Walter Siliang Zhou, MIA ’11 Carl Schieren, MIA ’67 Niamh Teresa Sweeney Stephen Christopher Wamback, MPA ’90 Lauren Ziegler, MIA ’10 Daniele Megan Schiffman, MPA ’02 Alison Kimberly Swenton, MIA ’00 Shontel Lenore Ward, MPA ’06 Andrew W. Zimmerman, IF ’68 Miriam Shahrzad Schive, MIA ’11 Anne Bernadette Talley, MIA ’94 Carl Thomas Watson, MIA ’04 Jonathan Zorach, CERT ’72 Kurt A. Schreder, MIA ’93 and Caroline Alice Ayling Tan, MPA ’01 Robert M. Watts, MIA ’80 Paulus Schreder, MIA ’92 Ellie Tang, MIA ’09 Rebecca VanLandingham Waugh, Matching Gift Companies: David J. Schurman, IF ’63 Florence Tatistcheff-Amzallag, MIA ’76 MIA ’00 Chantal Schuster, MIA ’07 Eda Franzetti Tato, MIA ’80 Christina Anne Way, MIA ’05 234 Moonachie Corporation Ana S. Schwartz, MIA ’82 William C. Taubman, IF ’63, CERT ’63 Marian Lillian Weber, MPA ’07 American Express Foundation Frederick D. Seaton, MIA ’62, IF ’62 Carlos Felix Terrones, MPA ’08 Egon E. Weck, MIA ’49 Bank of America Foundation Abilene Tralee Seguin Gweneth Michelle Thirwell, MPA ’06 Kimberly Anne Wedel, MPA ’88 The Bank of New York Mellon Lynn A. Seirup, MIA ’80 Paul A. Thompson, MIA ’73 Benjamin Richard Weil, MIA ’92, Foundation Kaoruko Seki, MIA ’93, IF ’93 Anna Throne-Holst, MIA ’06 CERT ’92 Carnegie Corporation of New York Albert Seligmann, MIA ’49 David G. Timberman, MIA ’80 Paul J. Weinstein, MIA ’87 Citizens Charitable Foundation Irwin S. Selnick, CERT ’78 Stephen E. Tisman, IF ’72 Gary Michael Weiskopf, MPA ’87 and Constellation Energy Group Foundation, Marc Jay Selverstone, MIA ’92 Richard Stephen Tobin, MPA ’08 Lynn Weiskopf, MPA ’91 Inc. Nina Maria Serafino, MIA ’76 Elizabeth Anne Toder, MIA ’96 Morton P. Weitzman Deloitte Foundation Karen Serota and Lauren C. Serota, Alper Sadik Tokozlu, MIA ’01 Marilyn S. Wellemeyer, MIA ’68 Deutsche Bank Americas Foundation MIA ’05 Nuria Tolsa Caballero, MIA ’11 Caitlin Elizabeth Welsh, MPA ’09 Cleveland H. Dodge Foundation Katayoun Mary Shahrokhi, MIA ’08 Rebecca Rosenblum Tolson, MIA ’94 and Marilyn L. Wertheimer, CERT ’53 Ernst & Young Foundation Jennifer Shaoul, MPA ’90 M. Grant Tolson, MIA ’95 Szczepan Wesoly ExxonMobil Foundation Amita Sharma, MPA ’08 M. Tomaszewski Sandra L. West-Williams, MIA ’88 Fitch Ratings Howard Jerome Shatz, MIA ’91 Gabriel Topor, MIA ’92, CERT ’92 Rebecca Kate Wexler, MIA ’11 Goldman, Sachs & Company Emy Shayo, MIA ’99 Fumitsugu Tosu, MPA ’11 Donald F. Wheeler, CERT ’71 HSBC Bank USA Dan Ray Shepherd, MPA ’08 Jennifer Elizabeth Toth, MIA ’04 Erika Buraczek Whillas IBM International Foundation Barnet Sherman, MPA ’82 Ruth E. Townsend Raymond D. White, IF ’64 J.P. Morgan Chase Foundation Sanford T. Sherman, MIA ’82 Cathy Rivara Trezza, MIA ’85 Susan Keil White, MIA ’01 Juniper Networks Elisabeth Day Sherwood, MIA ’95 Christopher G. Trump, IF ’62 Gordon James Whiting, IF ’93 MBIA Foundation, Inc. Betsy Pollack Shimberg, MPA ’97 Alilsa Fatma Tugberk de Macedo, MIA ’06 Jill Sue Wilkins, MIA ’91 The McGraw-Hill Companies Karlan Ison Sick Rebecca Hales Tunstall, MIA ’04 H. David Willey, IF ’63 Foundation, Inc. Michael David Sieburg Margaret Ann Turbett, MIA ’84 Eli Steven Williams MetLife Foundation Marc J. Sievers, MIA ’80, IF ’80, CERT ’80 Robert F. Turetsky, MIA ’72 Elizabeth Wilner The Morrison & Foerster Foundation Kathryn Angel Sikkink, CERT ’84 Mark Owen Turner, MIA ’95 Ellen Katherine Wilson, MIA ’93 Nomura America Foundation Jennifer Marie Silvi, MIA ’09 Philip Harry Tuson Edward S. Winsor, MIA ’54 Pfizer Foundation Michael Silvia, MIA ’79 Melinda Macdonald Twomey, MIA ’84 Merle Beth Wise, MPA ’88 Public Service Electric and Gas Company Melvyn J. Simburg, MIA ’71, IF ’71 Natalia Udovik, MIA ’69 Bret Philip Woellner, MIA ’07, IF ’07, The Rockefeller Foundation Kuldip K. Singh, MIA ’77 Yuki Uehara, MIA ’04 CERT ’07 The Moody’s Foundation Vicki Sittenfeld, MPA ’82 Takako Ugaya, MPA ’94 Ezana Haile Woldegeorgise, MIA ’09 Tyco Joseph C. Small, IF ’68 and Alice K. Small Andrew Umans, MIA ’10 Susan Hammond Wolford, MIA ’79 Wells Fargo Foundation Susan V. Smith Santini, MPA ’93 Miguel Urquiola William D. Wolle, MIA ’51 David Burton Snow, MIA ’98 Ali Vakili Menen Wondwosen, MIA ’11 Roberto E. Socas, MIA ’55 Barbara A. Van Geyzel, MIA ’77 Scott G. Wong, MIA ’11 Anastasia Sochynsky Marten H. A. Van Heuven, MIA ’57 Gilda Gates Wray, MIA ’66 Elaine Carol Soffer, MPA ’83 Jorge Luis Vargas, MIA ’98 Dana Ying-Hui Wu, MPA ’92 Richard J. Soghoian, IF ’65 Christopher Michael Vaughn, MIA ’98, Michele M. Wucker, MIA ’93, CERT ’93 Stephen A. Sokol, MIA ’01 IF ’98 Norman G. Wycoff, MIA ’50 Debra E. Soled, MIA ’82, CERT ’82 Natalia Vladimirovna Vazhenina, MIA ’11 Anastasia Xenias, CERT ’94 Jan Solomon, CERT ’75 Ilona Jaramillo Vega, MIA ’94 Bernice Esi Yalley, MPA ’06 Andre Israel Solorzano Dimas Leona Isabelle Verdadero Hidemasa Yamakawa, MIA ’92 Ellen Solowey, MIA ’86, CERT ’86 Milka Petrovich Verhaegen, MIA ’85 Joanne Stern Yaron Frances G. Sonkin, MIA ’75 Neelam Verjee, MPA ’11 Rebecca Yeh, MIA ’09 Christian R. Sonne, MIA ’62, CERT ’62 Nimish Verma, MIA ’11 Loretta M. Yenson, MIA ’82 Aimee Duncan Sostowski, MIA ’07 Edward J. Vernoff, MIA ’69 Sonia Eun Joo Yeo, MIA ’00 Stephen H. Spahn, IF ’65 Dario Enrique Vilchez, MIA ’10 David Yuriy Yesilevskiy, MIA ’09

44 SIPA NEWS SIPA News is published semiannually by SIPA’s Office of Communications and External Relations.

Managing Editor: JoAnn Crawford Editors: Rebecca Chao, Ethan Wilkes

Contributing writers: David Borenstein, Alex Burnett, Michelle Chahine, Rebecca Chao, John H. Coatsworth, Nathaniel Parish Flannery, Pat Jones, Andrea Moore, Crystal Neo, Sara Ray, Tim Sandole, Priyam Saraf, Martin Waehlisch, Ethan Wilkes, Jennifer Wilmore, and Behar Xharra

Contributing photographers: Munshi Ahmed/Bloomberg/Getty Images, Theresa Barraclough/ AFP/Getty Images, Patrick Baz/AFP/Getty Images, Eileen Barroso, Alejandro Bringas/ REUTERS, Michelle Chahine, Sergei Chuzavkov/AP Photo, Susan Cook, Michael Dames, Jonathan Drake/Bloomberg/Getty Images, Gael Gonzalez/REUTERS, Jose Luis Gonzalez/ REUTERS, David Gray/REUTERS, Boris Grdanoski/AP Photo, Tim Griffith, Phillip Hayson, Image Source/Getty Images, Chris Jackson/Getty Images, Blagoja Jankoski/Getty Images, Jakob Kamender, Francois Lenoir/REUTERS, Vladimir Maravic, Ben Pipe Photography/ Getty Images, Christopher Reeve, William Wan/The Washington Post/Getty Images, John Wang/Getty Images

Cover Photograph: Stan Honda/AFP/Getty Images

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School of International and Public Affairs Dean: John H. Coatsworth Senior Associate Dean: Troy Eggers Associate Deans: Patrick Bohan, Jesse Gale, Caroline Kay, Dan McIntyre, and Shalini Mimani

Office of Communications and External Relations Jesse Gale, Associate Dean, Communications and External Relations Alex Burnett, Communications Officer JoAnn Crawford, Director of Publications and Special Events Phoebe Ford, Web Specialist Pat Jones, Administrative Assistant Scott Pesner, Director of Alumni Affairs Sara Ray, Administrative Assistant

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