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Studi Keanekaragaman Gastropoda Sebagai Bioindikator Perairan Di Pantai Sialang Buah Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai Provinsi Sumatera Utara

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Studi Keanekaragaman Gastropoda Sebagai Bioindikator Perairan Di Pantai Sialang Buah Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai Provinsi Sumatera Utara STUDI KEANEKARAGAMAN GASTROPODA SEBAGAI BIOINDIKATOR PERAIRAN DI PANTAI SIALANG BUAH KABUPATEN SERDANG BEDAGAI PROVINSI SUMATERA UTARA BEBY AULIA KESUMA WARDANI 140302004 PROGRAM STUDI MANAJEMEN SUMBERDAYA PERAIRAN FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2018 Universitas Sumatera Utara STUDI KEANEKARAGAMAN GASTROPODA SEBAGAI BIOINDIKATOR PERAIRAN DI PANTAI SIALANG BUAH KABUPATEN SERDANG BEDAGAI PROVINSI SUMATERA UTARA SKRIPSI BEBY AULIA KESUMA WARDANI 140302004 PROGRAM STUDI MANAJEMEN SUMBERDAYA PERAIRAN FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2018 Universitas Sumatera Utara STUDI KEANEKARAGAMAN GASTROPODA SEBAGAI BIOINDIKATOR PERAIRAN DI PANTAI SIALANG BUAH KABUPATEN SERDANG BEDAGAI PROVINSI SUMATERA UTARA SKRIPSI BEBY AULIA KESUMA WARDANI 140302004 Skripsi Sebagai Satu Diantara Beberapa Syarat untuk Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Perikanan di Program Studi Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sumatera Utara PROGRAM STUDI MANAJEMEN SUMBERDAYA PERAIRAN FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2018 Universitas Sumatera Utara Universitas Sumatera Utara PERNYATAAN MENGENAI SKRIPSI DAN SUMBER INFORMASI Saya yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini : Nama : Beby Aulia Kesuma Wardani NIM : 140302004 Menyatakan bahwa skripsi yang berjudul “Studi Keanekaragaman Gastropoda Sebagai Bioindikator Perairan di Pantai Sialang Buah Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai Provinsi Sumatera Utara” adalah benar merupakan hasil karya sendiri dan belum pernah diajukan dalam bentuk apapun kepada perguruan tinggi manapun. Semua sumber data dan informasi yang berasal atau dikutip dari karya yang diterbitkan maupun yang tidak diterbitkan dari penulis lain telah disebutkan dalam teks dan dicantumkan dalam daftar pustaka dibagian akhir skripsi ini. Medan, Juni 2018 Beby Aulia Kesuma Wardani NIM. 140302004 Universitas Sumatera Utara ABSTRAK BEBY AULIA KESUMA WARDANI. Studi Keanekaragaman Gastropoda Sebagai Bioindikator Perairan di Pantai Sialang Buah Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai Provinsi Sumatera Utara Dibimbing oleh IPANNA ENGGAR SUSETYA dan AMANATUL FADHILAH. Pantai Sialang Buah merupakan wilayah pesisir yang perairannya dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sekitar untuk melakukan aktivitas rumah tangga, aktivitas nelayan dan aktivitas wisata. Aktivitas yang dilakukan di Pantai Sialang Buah akan mempengaruhi keanekaragaman gastropoda dan kualitas air yang berada di pantai tersebut. Gastropoda sebagai organisme yang hidup di perairan sangat peka terhadap perubahan kualitas air tempat hidupnya. Penurunan kualitas air akan menurunkan kekayaan sumber daya alam perairan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanakaragaman gastropoda serta kondisi perairan Pantai Sialang Buah Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai Provinsi Sumatera Utara yang dilihat berdasarkan kurva ABC dan Indeks Storet. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan April - Mei 2018 menggunakan metode purposive sampling yang dibagi menjadi 3 stasiun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai Indeks Keanekaragaman (H’) berkisar 1,54 - 2,04, nilai indeks keseragaman (E) berkisar 0,70-0,85 dan nilai indeks dominansi berkisar (C) berkisar 0,18-0,26. Dan menurut PP No. 82 Tahun 2001 Tentang Pengelolaan Kualitas Air dan Pengendalian Pencemaran Air, dan dengan menggunakan Indeks Storet menyatakan bahwa kondisi Perairan Pantai Sialang Buah dinyatakan tercemar dalam kategori “sedang” dan berdasarkan kurva ABC (Abundance and Biomass Comparison) menyatakan bahwa kondisi perairan dinyatakan tercemar dalam kategori “sedang” dengan kurva kepadatan dan biomassa yang saling tumpang tindih. Kata Kunci : Pantai Sialang Buah, Gastropoda, Kurva ABC, Indeks Storet. i Universitas Sumatera Utara ABSTRACT BEBY AULIA KESUMA WARDANI. The Study of Gastropods Variety As A Waters Bioindicator at Sialang Buah Beach District of Serdang Berdagai North Sumatera Province Guided by IPANNA ENGGAR SUSETYA and AMANATUL FADHILAH. Sialang Buah Beach is a coastal area which of the waters used by the comunity for doing household activitiy, fishing activity and tours activity. Activities done at Sialang Buah Beach will influence gastropods variety and the water quality at the beach. Gastropods as organisms live at the waters are very sensitive to the alteration of water quality where they live. The degradation of water quality will reduce the wealth of natural resources in the waters. This study intends to discover gastropods variety as well as waters condition at Sialang Buah Beach District of Serdang Berdagai North Sumatera Province viewed from ABC curve and Storet Index. This Study held in April – May 2018 applying purposive sampling method divided to 3 stations. The study outcomes show that the Index value of Variety (H’) about 1,54 - 2,04, index value of uniformity (E) about 0,70 – 0,85 and index value of dominance about 0,18 – 0,26. And according PP No. 82 Year 2001 About The Management of Water Quality and Water Pollution Control, and by using Storet Index reveal that the water condition at Sialang Buah Beach declared as contamined in “medium” category and based on ABC curve (Abundance and Biomass Comparison) reveal that the water condition declared as contamined in “medium” category with the density curve and the biomass overlapping each other. Key Words: Sialang Buah Beach, Gastropods, ABC Curve, Storet Index ii Universitas Sumatera Utara KATA PENGANTAR Puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa karena atas berkat dan karunia-Nya, penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi yang berjudul “Studi Keanekaragaman Gastropoda Sebagai Bioindikator Perairan di Pantai Sialang Kabupaten Serdang Bedagai Provinsi Sumatera Utara”. Skripsi disusun sebagai syarat untuk mendapatkan gelar Sarjana Perikanan pada Program Studi Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Penulis mengucapkan terimakasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada : 1. Allah SWT yang telah meridhoi penulis dalam menyelesaikan skripsi. 2. Ayahanda dan Ibunda yang telah memberikan dukungan doa, semangat, moril dan materil kepada penulis. 3. Ibu Dr. Eri Yusni M. Sc selaku kepala jurusan dan dosen pembimbing akademik Manajemen Sumeberdaya Perairan serta Bapak Zulham Apandy S. Kel., M. Si selaku sekretaris jurusan Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan. 4. Ibu Ipanna Enggar Susetya, S.Kel, M.Si selaku ketua komisi pembimbing yang telah memberikan ilmu, masukan, arahan dalam penulisan skripsi ini. 5. Bapak dan Ibu dosen, staff pengajar dan pegawai di lingkungan Program Studi Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sumatera Utara. 6. Abang penulis Muhammad Bagus Aditya Yasmin yang telah memberikan dukungan doa dan semangat dan nasihat kepada penulis. iii Universitas Sumatera Utara 7. Teman yang membantu selama penelitian Miftahul Zannah dan Romini Simamora. 8. Sahabat Hizri Khairani Nst, Husna Syukrika, Sri Wahyuni, Dean Dwi Aminuike, Anggi Abdur Rohim Lbs, Anisa Arlia Putri Nst dan Syarifah Chaniago yang telah memberikan dukungan doa dan semangat kepada penulis. 9. Teman-teman angkatan 2014 Program Studi Manajemen Sumberaya Perairan yang telah memberikan dukungan doa dan semangat kepada penulis dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini. 10. Terima kasih kepada “Deges Family” dan “Powerpuff Girls” yang telah membantu dan memberi dukungan kepada penulis Akhir kata penulis berharap semoga skripsi ini dapat bermanfaat sebagai dasar penelitian selanjutnya dan dapat menjadi sumber informasi bagi pihak yang membutuhkan, khususnya dibidang kelautan dan perikanan. Medan, Juni 2018 Penulis iv Universitas Sumatera Utara DAFTAR ISI Halaman ABSTRAK ................................................................................................. i ABSTRACT ................................................................................................ ii RIWAYAT HIDUP ................................................................................. iii KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................ iv DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................ vi DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................... ix DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................... x DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ........................................................................... xi PENDAHULUAN Latar Belakang ................................................................................ 1 Rumusan Masalah........................................................................... 3 Kerangka Pemikiran ....................................................................... 3 Tujuan Penelitian ............................................................................ 5 Manfaat Penelitian .......................................................................... 5 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA Ekosistem Pantai ............................................................................ 6 Keanekaragaman Gastropoda ......................................................... 7 Gastropoda sebagai Bioindikator Perairan ..................................... 8 Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Gastropoda ............................. 9 v Universitas Sumatera Utara Suhu ..................................................................................... 9 pH ......................................................................................... 10 DO (Disolved Oxygen) ......................................................... 11 Salinitas ...............................................................................
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