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Gastropod Diversity in Mudasal Odai and Nagapattinam, Southeast Coast of India

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Gastropod Diversity in Mudasal Odai and Nagapattinam, Southeast Coast of India Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences Vol. 43(4), December 2014, pp. 519-527 Gastropod diversity in Mudasal Odai and Nagapattinam, southeast coast of India Kollimalai Sakthivel* & S. Antony Fernando Centre for Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettei – 608 502, Tamil Nadu – India *[E.mail: [email protected]] Received 17 July 2012; revised 17 December 2012 Gastropods list prepared from Mudasal Odai (Lat.11°29'N; Long. 79°46' E) and Nagapattinam (Lat. 10° 46' N; Long. 79° 59' E) coast of Tamil Nadu, south east India. List consists 75 species, 45 genera and 31 families in Mudasal Odai and 67 species, 42 genera and 29 families in Nagapattinam coast. Among the 31 families 21 are single genera, 7 are two genera and 3 are three genera and in 45 genera 28 of the have single representives, 2 of them are four species, and 1 of that is have six species in Mudasal Odai landing centre. Out of 29 families 20 of them are single genera, 4 of them are two genera, 2 of them are three genera and 1 of that is four genera and in 42 genera 28 of them have single species, 2 of them have four species and 1 of that is have 5 species in Nagapatinam landing centre. Among the families three are (Naticidae, Muricidae and Nassariidae) dominant in both landing centre. Among the 76 species 10 of them are dominant, 23 of them are abundant, 14 of them are co-abundant, 28 of them are present 1 of that absent in Mudasal Odai, among the species, 14 of them are dominant, 19 of them are abundant, 13 of them are co-abundant, 21 of them are present and 8 of them are absent in Nagapattinam coast. [Keywords: Gastropods; Diversity; Coast; Muricidae; Nassariidae; Naticidae] Introduction Materials and Methods Molluscs contribute the second largest The gastropods collection from Mudasal Odai invertebrate group on earth, next only to insects1. (Lat.11°29'N; Long. 79°46' E) and Nagapattinam, The estimated number of species of molluscs (Lat. 10° 46' N; Long. 79° 59' E) located in Tamil today varies from 80,000 species2 to 135,000 Nadu state, southeast coast of India. Mudasal species3. Of these 31,000-100,000 are marine, Odai lies between the mouth of Vellar estuary 14,000-35,000 terrestrial and about 5,000 and Killai back water. Five villages are involved freshwater species3,4. The first complete in fishing activities bring their catches to this inventory of the subtropical and tropical landing centre. As this landing centre is well malacological fauna of the western America is connected by road, the fishes are transported to the huge monograph of Keen5 which comprises the local markets immediately. Every day, approximately 3340 molluscs species, out of around 150 trawlers are operated in two shifts, which gastropods 2449 species. India has a total one during the night and the other during the day. heritage of 3271 species of molluscs belonging to First day of every Around 500 fishing trawlers 220 families and 591 genera, including about are operated both during night and day. They 1900 species of gastropods6. Babu Philip & operate the trawl nets at the depth of 9-37 meter Appukuttant7 have described the gastropods in Depth. This study area well connected with road the by-catch of shrimp trawlers from the Quilon and train. The fishes purchased by the people are area, with special reference to the whelk fishery. transported by minivan to their local market and About 484 species of molluscs were reported in by train to other states. The area was well Gulf of Mannar region, out of which 260 species surveyed in the couple of fishing harbors that are gastropods8,9. About 170 molluscan species served as a rich source of specimens for the haven identified from Christmas Island (Indian present study. Ocean)10. More than 350 species of shelled Gastropods were caught using trawl net molluscs were recorded from pulau seribu and operation by trawler from 7 – 37 meter depth at Jakarta Bay11. Limited works are available on both shift. Trash fish heaped up on the shore by Molluscs diversity especially gastropods in the trawl fisherman. Sampling was made Mudasal Odai and Nagapattinam, this work may randomly from 5 heaps in Mudasal odia and 10 be addition and recent information. heaps in Nagapattinam contributing 100kg. samples of each species were collected from 4 to 520 INDIAN J. MAR. SCI., VOL. 43, NO. 4 DECEMBER 2014 5 heaps from single trawl. About 100kg of heaps three species and one families have four in were randomly sampled every week and Nagapattinam landing centre. Most diverse consolidated as weekly total. Monthly on their families are Naticidae (7 species in Mudasal performance calculated and repeated. Results are Odai, 6 species in Nagapattinam), muricidae (7 given above 200 individuals are dominant species) and Nassariidae (6 species). Among the (++++), individual numbers between 100 – 200 76 species only one species (Haustellum are abundant (+++), the individual numbers hastellum) was absent in Mudasal Odai and eight between 50 – 100 are co-abundant, the individual species (Crepidula walshi, Xenophora corrugate, number are below 50 are present (+). Samples Natica lamarkii, Cymatium rhinoceros, Thais were brought to laboratory, cleaned with brush rugosa, Cymbium melo and Ancilla scaphella) and identified using appropriate reference12-14. were absent in Nagapattinam. Eight species (Turritella attenuate, Cantharus tranquebaricus, Results Babylonia spirata, Nassarius dorsatus, Nassarius Gastropods were registered from two study areas nivea, Nassarius stolatus, Marginella angustata 31 families, 46 genera and 76 species (Table 1 & and Hemifusus pugilinus) were dominant in both 2). The number of species per family varies study areas. Two species (Ficus subintermedius, considerably (1 to 7 species). Twenty one Phalium bisulcatum) in Mudasal Odia and six families are represented by one single species; species (Strombus marginatus, Natica albula, seven families are having two species, three Bursa rana, Cancellaria lamberti, Murex families have three species in Mudasal Odai. virgineus, Turricula javana) in Nagapattinam Twenty one families have single species, six were dominant. families have two species, two families have Table 1. Gastropod distribution in Mudasal Odai and Nagapattinam coast of Tamil Nadu S. No. Species Name Mudasal Odai Nagapattinam Trochidae 1 Calliostoma tranquebarica (Roeding) + + 2 Euchelus asper (Gmelin, 1791) +++ +++ 3 Gibbula blanfordiana G & H. Nevill +++ +++ Turritellidae 4 Turritella acutangulla Linnaeus, 1758 +++ +++ 5 Turritella attenuate Reeve, 1849 ++++ ++++ Strombidae 6 Strombus marginatus Linnaeus, 1767 +++ ++++ Crepidulidae 7 Calyptrea extinctorium Blainville, 1825 + + 8 Crepidula walshi (Reeve, 1859) + - Xenophoridae 9 Xenophora corrugata (Reeve) + - 10 Xenophora solaris (Linnaeus, 1758) + + Cypraeidae 11 Cypraea ocellata Melvill, 1888 ++ ++ 12 Cypraea tigris Linnaeus, 1758 + + Ficidae 13 Ficus ficoides (Lamarck, 1822) + ++ 14 Ficus ficus (Linnaeus, 1758) +++ ++ 15 Ficus subintermedius (d’Orbigny, 18520 ++++ +++ Naticidae 16 Natica alapapilionis (Roeding, 1798) ++ + 17 Natica albula Recluz, 1851 +++ ++++ 18 Natica didyma (Roding, 1798) +++ +++ 19 Natica lamarkii (Chenu, 1843) + - 20 Natica lineate (Roeding, 1791) + +++ 21 Natica tigrina (Roeding) +++ +++ 22 Sinum planulatum (Recluz, 1843) + + Tonnidae 23 Tonna dolium (Linnaeus, 1758) +++ +++ 24 Tonna fasciata (Martini, 1777) + + Cassididae 25 Phalium areola Linnaeus, 1758 + + 26 Phalium bisulcatum (Shubert & Wanger, 1829) ++++ +++ 27 Phalium glaucum (Linnaeus, 1758) ++ ++ SAKTHIVEL & FERNANDO: GASTGROPOD DIVERSITY IN SOUTHEAST COAST OF INDIA 521 Table 1. Continuation S. No. Species Name Mudasal Odai Nagapattinam Cymatiidae 28 Cymatium cingulatum (Lamarck, 1822) + + 29 Cymatium retusum Lamarck 1822 + + 30 Cymatium rhinoceros Roding 1798 + - Bursidae 31 Bursa granularis (Roding, 1798) + + 32 Bursa rana (Linne, 1758) +++ ++++ 33 Bursa spinosa (Schumacher, 1817) ++ +++ Buccinidae 34 Cantharus tranquebaricus (Gmelin, 1791) ++++ ++++ 35 Babylonia spirata (Linnaeus, 1758) ++++ ++++ 36 Babylonia zeylanica (Bruguiere,1789) ++ ++ Cancellariidae 37 Cancellaria lamberti (Souverbie, 1870) +++ ++++ Fasciolariidae 38 Fusinus longicauda (Lamarck, 1801) ++ +++ 39 Faciolaria filamentosa (Roding, 1798) + + Muricidae 40 Murex trapa (Roding, 1798) ++ ++ 41 Murex tribulus Linnaeus, 1758 +++ +++ 42 Murex virgineus var. ponderosa Gravely, 1942 +++ +++ 43 Murex virgineus Dilwyn, 1817 +++ ++++ 44 Haustellum hastellum (Linnaeus, 1758) - + 45 Rapana bulbosa (Solander,1817) +++ +++ 46 Thais bufo (Lamarck, 1822) ++ ++ 47 Thais rugosa (Born, 1778) + - Nassariidae 48 Nassarius dorsatus (Roding, 1798) ++++ ++++ 49 Nassarius nivea (A. Adams, 1852) ++++ ++++ 50 Nassarius stolatus (Gmelin, 1791) ++++ ++++ 51 Nassarius variegates (A. Adams, 1852) +++ +++ 52 Bullia belangeri (Kiener, 1843) ++ + 53 Bullia vittata (Linnaeus, 1758) +++ ++ Harpidae 54 Harpa conoidalis Lamarck, 1822 +++ ++ Marginellidae 55 Marginella angustata Sowerby, 1846 ++++ ++++ Mitridae 56 Mitra acuminate Swainson, 1824 + + Turbinellidae 57 Tudicula spinosa (H & A. Adams, 1864) ++ + 58 Xancus pyrum Linnaeus, 1758 + + Volutidae 59 Cymbium melo (Lightfoot, 1786) + - Olividae 60 Ancilla scaphella ( Sowerby, 1859) + - 61 Oliva oliva (Linnaeus, 1758) ++ ++ 62 Olivancillaria gibbosa (Born, 1778) +++ +++ Conidae 63 Conus amadis Gmelin, 1791 +++ +++ 64 Conus inscriptus Reeve 1843 + + 65 Conus loroisii Kiener, 1845 + ++ Terebridae 66 Terebra sublata (Linnaeus 1758) ++ - Turridae 67 Brachytoma crenularis (Lamarck)
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