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Gastropod Community.Pdf ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING & ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology 2021, 22(3), 82–90 Received: 2021.03.02 https://doi.org/10.12912/27197050/135508 Accepted: 2021.03.22 ISSN 2719-7050, License CC-BY 4.0 Published: 2021.04.06 Gastropod Community Structure as Environmental Change Signals for Tropical Status in Sedati Waters, Indonesia Vivy Hanum Melati1, Luthfiana Aprilianita Sari2*, Yudi Cahyoko2, Sulastri Arsad3, Kustiawan Tri Pursetyo4, Nina Nurmalia Dewi2, Mohd. Hanafi Idris4 1 Program Study of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C, Mulyorejo Street, 60115 Surabaya, Indonesia. 2 Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C, Mulyorejo Street, 60115 Surabaya, Indonesia. 3 Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Veteran Street, 65145 Malang, Indonesia 4 Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia * Corresponding author’s email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Sedati is one of the Sidoarjo Regency’s Coastal Areas, which has potential resources in capture fisheries. Many industries in Sedati have caused a decrease in the aquatic productivity and aquatic organism conditions, including gastropods. Gastropods are easy to find in various habitats, but their distribution is highly dependent on the habitat conditions such as physical, chemical and biological factors. Gastropods are sensitive to environmental changes and can withstand the environmental changes that are not too wide to be used as indicators of environmental pollu- tion. This study aims to determine the structure of the gastropod community in the Sedati Waters. The research was performed using an observation method. The gastropod samples were taken using a dredge net, while the substrate samples were collected using Ekman grab. The gastropods found in Sedati Waters from October to December are nine species from 2 orders and six families. The species most commonly found in R. venosa, while the least is C. ventricosa. The abundance index of gastropods every month shows a marked difference between stations but not the other main parameters. The diversity index value was between 1.4846–2.0897. The evenness index value reached between 0.8284 and 0.9548. The dominance index ranged from 0.16 to 0.2299. The community structure of gastropods in the Sedati Waters, Sidoarjo, East Java shows a significant difference (p<0.05) between stations and belongs to the medium category. Keywords: community-based conservation, marine, water quality, development aid, ecological footprint. INTRODUCTION Regency (Sari et al., 2019b; Sari et al., 2018a). The number of industries in the Sedati region re- In Sidoarjo, fishery is the dominant activity sulted in a decrease in water productivity and in- and included in the largest agricultural sector ac- fluenced the water biota, one of them gastropods. tivities because they can produce regional domes- Gastropod is a class of mollusk phylum and tic products reaching 1.79% (Badan Pusat Statis- corresponds to almost three-quarters of the total tika, 2013; Sari et al., 2019a). Sedati is one of the number of mollusks. In Indonesia, mollusks are coastal areas of Sidoarjo that is potentially expe- ranked second largest phylum and varies after fish riencing environmental changes due to the dis- (Badan Pusat Statistika, 2016). Gastropods can be posal of industrial waste, agriculture and house- found in a wide range of habitats, but their spread is holds originating from the river flow in Sidoarjo strongly influenced by the habitat conditions, such 82 Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology 2021, 22(3), 82–90 as physical, chemical and biological factors (Pyron on the change of season from drought to rain. and Brown, 2015). The diversity of gastropods is Sampling was conducted every month. The sam- influenced by the salinity and substrate of water pling location consists of three stations, and each (Amini-Yekta et al., 2019) and influenced by tem- station is three dots (Figure 1). The station coor- perature, dissolved oxygen and substrate (Islami, dinate points are marked on the GPS used during 2015). gastropods are sensitive to environmental the research. changes and can withstand a range of not too wide environmental changes (Marwoto and Isnaningsih, Sampling 2014) to be used as an indicator of environmental pollution. The composition of the gastropods will The research took two samples, the gastro- be higher with the growing and fertile waters, and pods and the substrates sample. The samples of conversely, the composition of the gastropods will gastropods were taken using a dredge net. The be lower in the case of decreased fertility in the shape of the dredge net is triangular on the mouth water (Pribadi et al., 2009). and equipped with the rear pockets, on the lower The information about the water condition part of the mouth, is equipped with an iron-made of Sedati has not been found yet, including the tooth (Martasuganda, 2004). The dredge net is community structure of gastropods, so that the re- operated is by dropping it into the water and then search to evaluate the structure of gastropod com- pulling by a vessel; in turn, substrate sampling munities that include composition, abundance, was performed using Ekman grab. The Ekman diversity, uniformity, and dominance needs to be grab measured 20×20 cm and was made of brass carried out. or stainless-steel material (Romdon, 2003). Data retrieval of environmental conditions MATERIAL AND METHODS The quality of water measured at the research The research was conducted from October site include DO, temperature, salinity and pH. to December and taken at Sedati Water, Sidoarjo DO was measured using DO meters, temperature Regency, East Java. The equipment used includes using a thermometer, salinity using a refractom- boats, GPS, dredge net, Ekman grab, plastic sam- eter and pH using a pH meter (Sari et al., 2018b; ples (2.5 kg), water bottles (1.5 L), Cool Box, DO Azmi et al., 2020; Rinawati et al., 2020). The meters, refractometers, thermometer, pH meters current and precipitation data is obtained from and cameras. The materials used are fresh water BMKG Sidoarjo and Tanjung Perak. Other data, and ice cubes. The research was carried out based such as organic substrate material, were tested in Figure 1. The sampling location 83 Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology 2021, 22(3), 82–90 the nutrition laboratory during substrate fraction Evenness index data in the soil mechanics laboratory. The evenness index calculations were con- ducted using the evenness index formula of Data analysis Pielou, if the evenness index (E) > 0.6 then the The research parameters were analyzed using evenness index of the high species, medium even- the test Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), followed ness if the evenness index 0.6 > E > 0.4 and when by a test Duncan Multiple Range Test with a soft- E<0.4 is low evenness (Munthe et al., 2012). ware tool SPSS 16. 0. Composition is a description of a community structure based on the types of or- ganisms found in a particular region. Identification RESULT AND DISCUSSION of gastropods was performed using identification keys according to Abbott and Dance (2000), Jeeva Composition et al. (2018), and Kantharajan et al. (2017). Table 1 shows that the results of a gastropod catch in Sedati Waters in October to December Abundance identified as nine species of the two orders and Abundance represents the number or number six families of gastropods. The most widely dis- of individuals in a specific area of a community covered type of gastropods comes from the neo- (Nento et al., 2013). The abundance of gastropods gatropod order consisting of Muricidae, the Nas- is derived from the total number of gastropods sariidae, Clavatulidae, Marginellidae and Baby- each month and at each station. The abundance of loniidae. The other type is derived from the order gastropods is presented in Table 2. of the family Littorinimorpha and Naticidae. The species of gastropods are most commonly found Diversity index in Sedati Waters are R. venosa with 137 individu- als (25.23%) of the total of all caught gastropods, Calculation of diversity indices was per- and the fewest gastropods are C. ventricosa with a formed using the Shannon-Wiener diversity in- total of 9 individuals or at a percentage of 1.47%. dex. Its Shannon-Wiener diversity index is classi- The species of gastropods found can be seen fied into three levels, if 0<H ‘<1 is low diversity, in Figure 2. Identification of the gastropods is 1<H ‘<3 is medium diversity, and when H ‘ > 3 is performed by observing their morphological fea- high diversity (Setyono et al., 2019). tures such as the shape, colour and characteristic Table 1. Types of gastropods found in Sedati Waters October November December Ordo, Family, Genus Species N % A B C A B C A B C Littorinimorpha Naticidae Notochocilis N. trigina + + + - + + + + + 81 14.92 Natica N. vitellus - - - - - + + + + 15 2.76 Neogatropoda Muricidae Rapana R. venosa + + + + + + + + + 137 25.23 Murex M. trapa + + + - + + + + + 45 8.29 Nassariidae Nassarius N. olivaceus + + - + + + + - + 41 7.55 N. stolatus + + + + + + + + + 55 10.13 Clavatulidae T. javana + + - + + + + + + 42 7.73 Marginellidae C. ventricosa + - - - - - + - - 8 1.47 Babyloniidae B. spirata + + + + + + + + + 119 20.23 N 106 13 30 19 110 36 32 58 139 529 Note: (+) there are species; (–) there are no species; (N) the total number of species. 84 Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology 2021, 22(3), 82–90 Figure 2. Gastropods species in Sedati Waters of the case (Baharuddin and Zakaria, 2018). December is a station with the highest average The basic forms of gastropod shells have three, abundance reaching 46. 33 ± 22.19 individual. In namely conical, spiral, and Planospiral (Pyron October, station B became a station with the lowest and Brown, 2015). The gastropod shells are sev- average abundance of only 4.33 ± 2.52 individuals.
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