A Global Environmental History of the Porcupine Gold Rush, 1909-1929
A GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY OF THE PORCUPINE GOLD RUSH, 1909-1929 “TREASURE HOUSE TO THE WORLD:” A GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY OF THE PORCUPINE GOLD RUSH, 1909-1929 by MICA AMY ROYER JORGENSON, B.A., M.A. A Dissertation Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for Doctorate of Philosophy. McMaster University © Copyright by Mica Amy Royer Jorgenson, June 2018 TITLE: “Treasure House to the World:” A Global Environmental History of the Porcupine Gold Rush, 1909-1929. AUTHOR: Mica Amy Royer Jorgenson, B.A. (University of Northern British Columbia), M.A. (University of Northern British Columbia). SUPERVISOR: Dr. Michael Egan. NUMBER OF PAGES: 297 + xi ii LAY ABSTRACT This dissertation argues that international forces shaped local environmental history in the gold mining district of Porcupine, northern Ontario, between 1909 and 1929. During these years, Canadian mining transformed from a relatively small extractive economy into a large-scale industrial one -- with a host of associated social and environmental consequences. The geological, climatic, and cultural characteristics of the Canadian Shield environment created significant challenges (including fires, floods, rock-falls, pollution, use conflicts, and disease) which required adaptation from the industry’s stakeholders. People solved environmental problems by relying on support from transnational gold mining networks of investors, managers, prospectors, geologists, prospectors, miners, communities, and governments. As a result, Porcupine’s environmental history was shaped by the convergent forces of its gold-bearing geology, an international context, and local Canadian history. Largely complete by 1929, the legacy of Porcupine’s environmental history lives on in the power of Canada’s international mining industry on modern extractive frontiers.
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