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Wilhelm Roux (1850 - 1924) – Seine Hallesche Zeit

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Wilhelm Roux (1850 - 1924) – Seine Hallesche Zeit Aus dem Institut für Anatomie und Zellbiologie an der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg (Direktor: Univ.-Prof. Dr. med. Dr. agr. Bernd Fischer) Wilhelm Roux (1850 - 1924) – seine hallesche Zeit Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Zahnmedizin (Dr. med. dent.) vorgelegt der Medizinischen Fakultät der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg von Ulrike Feicht geboren am 19.12.1973 in Halle/S. Betreuer: Prof. Dr. sc. med. Rüdiger Schultka Gutachter: 1. Prof. Dr. R. Schultka 2. Prof. Dr. R. Hildebrand (Münster) 17.09.2007 28.01.2008 urn:nbn:de:gbv:3-000013879 [http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=nbn%3Ade%3Agbv%3A3-000013879] Referat und bibliographische Beschreibung Wilhelm Roux (1850-1924) war am Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts in Wissenschafts-Kreisen eine Berühmtheit. Sein Wechsel nach Halle läutete eine neue Ära am Anatomischen Institut in Halle ein. Hatten all seine Vorgänger diese Einrichtung geprägt, so konnte Roux durch die lange Zeit seines Wirkens deutliche Zeichen setzen. Da er die übliche Unterrichtsmethodik für nicht effektiv hielt, bemühte er sich Zeit seines Lebens um bessere Lernbedingungen für die Studenten. Unermüdlich engagierte er sich für die Neugestaltung und Verbesserung des anatomischen Unterrichtes. Ebenso suchte er nach fähigen Mitarbeitern, die auf dem Gebiet der Entwicklungsmechanik und der kausalen Forschung mit ihm arbeiten und forschen sollten. Die Forderungen an seine Mitarbeiter waren hoch. Er stellte nicht nur an sie Forderungen, sondern unterstützte ihre Karrieren und bot Hilfe bei privaten Problemen an. Die „Wilhelm-Roux-Sammlung“ war anfangs im Anatomischen Institut untergebracht und ist heute nur noch in einzelnen wenigen Fragmenten erhalten. Ebenso konnte die „Wilhelm-Roux- Stiftung“ nicht über einen längeren Zeitraum hinaus am Leben erhalten werden. Demgegenüber wird das von Roux begründete und vor allem in der halleschen Zeit erfolgreich publizierte „Archiv der Entwicklungsmechanik“ bis heute herausgegeben und bewahrt sein wissenschaftliches Erbe. Durch ein weit gespanntes soziales Netz war er in der Lage, Institutionen und Personen geschickt für seine Ziele einzubinden. Zu seinen engen Vertrauten zählten Menschen aus allen Bereichen der Wissenschaft und Kultur. Aufschluss über das Leben und die Forschungsarbeit Roux’ in Halle gaben die archivalischen Quellen, seine persönliche Aufzeichnungen, Schriftwechsel, Quellen aus Privatbesitz und die übrig gebliebenen Fragmente der „Wilhelm-Roux-Sammlung“. Besonders hervorzuheben ist der Briefwechsel zwischen Roux und dem Minister Friedrich Theodor Althoff. Fakten aus biographischen Daten und seinen eigenen Publikationen vertiefen das Wissen über Roux. Seine Publikationen sind nicht nur auf dem Gebiet der Anatomie oder Biologie angesiedelt. Zu Lebzeiten genoss Roux sowohl Anerkennung als auch herbe Kritik. Besonders die Verwendung philosophischer Ausdrücke lehnte man in Forscherkreisen lange Zeit ab. Dem Privatmenschen Roux war der familiäre Zusammenhalt sehr wichtig. Öffentliche Auftritte, die nur gesellschaftlichem Zwecke dienten, waren ihm ein Gräuel. Das Ziel der Arbeit ist die Darstellung der Persönlichkeit Roux’ und die Positionierung in die Reihe der Direktoren des Anatomischen Institutes. 26 Jahre Tätigkeit Roux’ an der halleschen Universität führten zu markanten Änderungen, die die Vielseitigkeit und den Ehrgeiz des Begründers der Entwicklungsmechanik beschreiben. Feicht, Ulrike: Wilhelm Roux (1850-1924) – seine hallesche Zeit. Halle, Univ., Med. Fak., Diss., 199 Seiten, 2007 Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Einleitung und Zielstellung ………...................................................................... S. 1 2. Biographisches ...................................................................................................... S. 2 3. Lehre und Forschung im Anatomischen Institut zu Halle (1895-1924) .............. S. 12 3.1 Berufung ................................................................................................................ S. 12 3.2 Roux als Lehrer ..................................................................................................... S. 28 3.2.1 Vorlesungen, Kurse und Prüfungen...................................................................... S. 28 3.2.2 Experimentelle Untersuchungen an Tierspezies .................................................. S. 31 3.2.3 Das Leichen-Problem........................................................................................... S. 33 3.3 Roux als Direktor des Anatomischen Institutes .................................................... S. 40 3.3.1 Personalentscheidungen und die Mitarbeiter im Anatomischen Institut .............. S. 40 3.3.2 Bauliche Veränderungen des Anatomischen Institutes ........................................ S. 55 3.4 Die Arbeit im Dekanat und als Mitglied der Medizinischen Fakultät ................. S. 64 3.5 Emeritierung und Nachfolge ................................................................................ S. 73 4. Die Wilhelm-Roux-Sammlung und Roux’ wissenschaftliches Erbe ................... S. 77 4.1 Aufbau und Bestand der Wilhelm-Roux-Sammlung ........................................... S. 77 4.2 Das „Archiv für Entwicklungsmechanik“ ............................................................. S. 81 5. Bedeutung und Stellung ......................................................................................... S. 82 5.1 Roux’ Verhältnis zu Althoff................................................................................... S. 82 5.2 Roux’ Haltung zum Spirituskreis........................................................................... S. 94 5.3 Der Mensch Wilhelm Roux.................................................................................... S. 95 5.4 Die Wilhelm-Roux-Stiftung ................................................................................. S. 100 5.5 Probleme................................................................................................................. S. 105 5.6 Wilhelm Roux’ Tätigkeit in der Leopoldina.......................................................... S. 109 5.7 Ernennungen, Mitgliedschaften.............................................................................. S. 116 5.8 Jahrestage, Jubiläen................................................................................................ S. 118 6. Zusammenfassung.................................................................................................. S. 119 7. Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis….. ................................................................... S. 121 7.1 Nicht-gedruckte Quellen ....................................................................................... S. 121 7.2 Gedruckte Quellen und Sekundärliteratur.............................................................. S. 129 7.3 Digitale Quellen (DQ)…. ...................................................................................... S. 133 8. Anhang……………..…………………………………………………………......S. 136 8.1 Bestandsliste Wilhelm-Roux-Sammlung............................................................... S. 136 8.2 Veröffentlichungen von Wilhelm Roux................................................................ S. 167 9. Thesen…................................................................................................................. S. 190 Tabellarischer Lebenslauf ..................................................................................... S. 193 Selbstständigkeitserklärung.................................................................................... S. 195 Erklärung über frühere Promotionsversuche.......................................................... S. 196 Danksagung............................................................................................................ S. 197 Hinweise auf Publikationen.................................................................................... S. 199 Abkürzungsverzeichnis AL Archiv der Deutschen Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina, Halle/Saale DQ Digitale Quellen FA Familienarchiv GMR Geheimer Medizinalrat GR Geheimrat GRR Geheimer Regierungsrat GStA PK Geheimes Staatsarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesitz in Berlin-Dahlem HA Hauptabteilung HAZ Hallische Allgemeine Zeitung HN Hallische Nachrichten Nl Nachlass PA Personalakte SAH Stadtarchiv Halle SZ Saale-Zeitung UA Universitätsarchiv der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale UAH Universitätsarchiv der Martin- Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale 1. Einleitung und Zielstellung Wilhelm Roux (1850-1924) ist bekannt als Begründer der Entwicklungsmechanik. Als W. Roux 1895 seinen Tätigkeitsbereich nach Halle verlegte, war dies der Beginn einer der bedeutendsten Phasen für das Anatomische Institut und die berufliche Weiterentwicklung des Anatomie- Professors. Über Roux ist bereits mehrfach wissenschaftlich gearbeitet worden, die hallesche Schaffenszeit wurde aber bislang wenig beachtet. 1 In die Periode seines Direktorates fallen sowohl bauliche Veränderungen am und im Gebäude als auch Änderungen der Forschungsrichtung und der Lehrinhalte am halleschen Institut. Roux leitete eine neue Etappe im Fach Anatomie ein. Hatte sein Vorgänger Hermann Welcker (1822-1897) vor allem die makroskopische und mikroskopische Anatomie und die Anthropologie gefördert, so begann Roux, die Entwicklungsmechanik und kausal-morphologische Fragen in die Lehre zu integrieren. Fast 30 Jahre, die Roux in Halle verbringen sollte, waren gekennzeichnet durch Verbreitung
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