Women's Leadership in Science, Technology, Engineering
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Female Underrepresentation in STEM Erin Cygan Augustana College, Rock Island Illinois
Augustana College Augustana Digital Commons Mary Wollstonecraft rW iting Award Prizewinners 2018 Female Underrepresentation in STEM Erin Cygan Augustana College, Rock Island Illinois Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.augustana.edu/wollstonecraftaward Part of the Women's Studies Commons Augustana Digital Commons Citation Cygan, Erin. "Female Underrepresentation in STEM" (2018). Mary Wollstonecraft rW iting Award. https://digitalcommons.augustana.edu/wollstonecraftaward/28 This Student Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the Prizewinners at Augustana Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mary Wollstonecraft rW iting Award by an authorized administrator of Augustana Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Female Underrepresentation in STEM Erin Cygan FYI-103-34 Rethinking the ‘F Word’: Feminisms for the 21st Century Jennifer Heacock-Renaud Spring 2017 Long Analytical Essay 1 Blue is for boys, pink is for girls. Legos are for boys, dolls are for girls. Science kits are for boys, Easy Bake Ovens are for girls. Computer science and engineering are for boys, the humanities and caregiving are for girls. Ad infinitum. While oftentimes overlooked, society has the tendency to enforce and naturalize restrictive binaries for children, most often in relation to gender identity. These binaries cultivate an acceptance of gender stereotypes and promote a bias that carries over into adulthood. The nature of this gendered oppression weighs heavily on young girls’ opportunities and career aspirations. When girls are discouraged from or otherwise unaware of their potential future in a diverse array of jobs, their talents and abilities are suppressed. The objective of this paper is to examine the lack of women pursuing and practicing science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) relative to the number of men active in these fields. -
Darwin and the Women
COMMENT BOOKS & ARTS division of the “eight-hour husband” work- ing outside the home and the “fourteen-hour wife” within it. Feminist intellectual Charlotte Perkins Gilman drew on Darwin’s sexual- TTMANN/CORBIS selection theory to argue that women’s eco- BE nomic dependence on men was unnaturally skewing evolution to promote “excessive sex- ual distinctions”. She proposed that economic and reproductive freedom for women would restore female autonomy in choice of mate — which Darwin posited was universal in nature, except in humans — and put human evolutionary progress back on track. L LIB. OF CONGRESS; R: TIME LIFE PICTURES/GETTY; Darwin himself opposed birth control and Women’s advocates (left to right) Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Antoinette Brown Blackwell and Maria Mitchell. asserted the natural inferiority of human females. The adult female, he wrote in The EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY Descent of Man (1871), is the “intermediate between the child and the man”. Neverthe- less, appeals to Darwinist ideas by birth-con- trol advocates such as Margaret Sanger led Darwin and one critic to bemoan in 1917 that “Darwin was the originator of modern feminism”. Feminism in the late nineteenth century was marked by the racial and class politics the women of the era’s reform movements. Blackwell’s and Gilman’s views that women should work outside the home, for example, depended on Sarah S. Richardson relishes a study of how nineteenth- the subjugated labour of lower-class minor- century US feminists used the biologist’s ideas. ity women to perform household tasks. And Sanger’s birth-control politics appealed to contemporary fears of race and class ‘sui- wo misplaced narratives dominate physician Edward cide’. -
The Status of Women in the U. S. Media 2013
WOMEN’S MEDIA CENTER The Status of Women in the U. S. Media 2 0 1 3 By Diana Mitsu Klos womensmediacenter.com WOMEN’S MEDIA CENTER The Status of Women in the U. S. Media 2 0 1 3 By Diana Mitsu Klos Copyright 2013 Women’s Media Center. No part of this publication can be reproduced without permission in writing from the Women’s Media Center. TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive summary ............................................................................. 5 What we found ................................................................................ 5 Overview ........................................................................................ 7 Tectonic shifts in media and business models .......................................... 8 About the Women’s Media Center and this report ................................ 9 Newspapers .................................................................................... 10 Male print/online journalists wrote the majority of election stories and primarily quoted men ............................................................... 11 2012 OpEd Project byline report: Who narrates the world? ................... 16 Women in obituaries ....................................................................... 17 Online-only news sites ...................................................................... 20 Women and digital news consumption ............................................... 21 Television ......................................................................................... 22 Radio ............................................................................................. -
Mothers in Science
The aim of this book is to illustrate, graphically, that it is perfectly possible to combine a successful and fulfilling career in research science with motherhood, and that there are no rules about how to do this. On each page you will find a timeline showing on one side, the career path of a research group leader in academic science, and on the other side, important events in her family life. Each contributor has also provided a brief text about their research and about how they have combined their career and family commitments. This project was funded by a Rosalind Franklin Award from the Royal Society 1 Foreword It is well known that women are under-represented in careers in These rules are part of a much wider mythology among scientists of science. In academia, considerable attention has been focused on the both genders at the PhD and post-doctoral stages in their careers. paucity of women at lecturer level, and the even more lamentable The myths bubble up from the combination of two aspects of the state of affairs at more senior levels. The academic career path has academic science environment. First, a quick look at the numbers a long apprenticeship. Typically there is an undergraduate degree, immediately shows that there are far fewer lectureship positions followed by a PhD, then some post-doctoral research contracts and than qualified candidates to fill them. Second, the mentors of early research fellowships, and then finally a more stable lectureship or career researchers are academic scientists who have successfully permanent research leader position, with promotion on up the made the transition to lectureships and beyond. -
WOMEN and BUSINESS in the PACIFIC Anyone Seeking to Support Pacifi C Women and Contribute to Entrepreneurship, Business Development, and Private Sector Growth
Women and Business in the Pacifi c This book provides a current and comprehensive analysis of the context in which Pacifi c women engage in the private sector, as well as a detailed list of strategies to increase their participation in business. Drawing on research and data from seven Pacifi c countries, it o ers a diversity of innovative and pragmatic ways to empower women and enhance their economic opportunities. Jointly undertaken by the Asian Development Bank’s Pacifi c Private Sector Development Initiative and the Government of Australia, this study is valuable for WOMEN AND BUSINESS IN THE PACIFIC WOMEN anyone seeking to support Pacifi c women and contribute to entrepreneurship, business development, and private sector growth. About the Asian Development Bank ADB is committed to achieving a prosperous, inclusive, resilient, and sustainable Asia and the Pacifi c, while sustaining its e orts to eradicate extreme poverty. Established in , it is owned by members— from the region. Its main instruments for helping its developing member countries are policy dialogue, loans, equity investments, guarantees, grants, and technical assistance. WOMEN AND About the Pacifi c Private Sector Development Initiative PSDI is a technical assistance program undertaken in partnership with the Government BUSINESS of Australia, the Government of New Zealand, and the Asian Development Bank. PSDI supports ADB’s Pacifi c developing member countries to improve the enabling environment for business and to support inclusive, private sector-led economic growth. The support of the Australian and New Zealand governments and ADB IN THE PACIFIC has enabled PSDI to operate in the region for years and assist with more than reforms. -
Objectivity in the Feminist Philosophy of Science
OBJECTIVITY IN THE FEMINIST PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requisites for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Karen Cordrick Haely, M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 2003 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Louise M. Antony, Adviser Professor Donald C. Hubin _______________________ Professor George Pappas Adviser Philosophy Graduate Program ABSTRACT According to a familiar though naïve conception, science is a rigorously neutral enterprise, free from social and cultural influence, but more sophisticated philosophical views about science have revealed that cultural and personal interests and values are ubiquitous in scientific practice, and thus ought not be ignored when attempting to understand, describe and prescribe proper behavior for the practice of science. Indeed, many theorists have argued that cultural and personal interests and values must be present in science (and knowledge gathering in general) in order to make sense of the world. The concept of objectivity has been utilized in the philosophy of science (as well as in epistemology) as a way to discuss and explore the various types of social and cultural influence that operate in science. The concept has also served as the focus of debates about just how much neutrality we can or should expect in science. This thesis examines feminist ideas regarding how to revise and enrich the concept of objectivity, and how these suggestions help achieve both feminist and scientific goals. Feminists offer us warnings about “idealized” concepts of objectivity, and suggest that power can play a crucial role in determining which research programs get labeled “objective”. -
Reaching the Full Potential of STEM for Women and the U.S. Economy
Reaching the Full Potential of STEM for Women and the U.S. Economy 12 1 Reaching the Full Potential of STEM for Women and the U.S. Economy Reaching the Full Potential of STEM for Women and the U.S. Economy 3 Reaching the Full Potential of STEM for Women and the U.S. Economy Somewhere in America there is a tech executive looking for a skilled programmer. Somewhere else there is a young girl on a computer tablet learning to code. It’s about time these two got acquainted. Across the country, companies are looking to hire people with skills in science, technol- ogy, engineering, and mathematics. But there remains a shortage of talented women in these fields, and this poses a threat to our competitiveness as a nation. That’s why I am pleased to present the Center for Women in Business’ new report Reaching the Full Potential of STEM for Women and the U.S. Economy, The argument for more women in STEM careers is simple. Projections show that Amer- ica will need to fill 6.6 million STEM jobs over the next 10 years. Although women are becoming more educated than ever before—making up half of all workers with postsec- ondary degrees—they compose just 25% of workers in STEM fields. How can companies find enough STEM workers if half our population is directed toward other professions? How can our nation compete if we are not luring the brightest minds into STEM fields? Bringing more women into the STEM workforce is not just about gender equity. -
Understanding Women Micro and Small Business Entrepreneurs in Uganda
Understanding Women Micro and Small Business Entrepreneurs in Uganda By Rebecca Namatovu1, Samuel Dawa, Celestine Katongole & Fiona Mulira Makerere University Business School (MUBS), Kampala, Uganda ICBE-RF Research Report No. 01/12 Investment Climate and Business Environment Research Fund (ICBE-RF) www.trustafrica.org/icbe Dakar, March 2012 1 Contact : [email protected] This research study was supported by a grant from the Investment Climate and Business Environment Research Fund, jointly funded by TrustAfrica and IDRC. However, the findings and recommendations are those of the author(s), and do not necessarily reflect the views of the ICBE-RF secretariat, TrustAfrica or IDRC ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS • The principal sponsor – Investment Climate & Business Environment (ICBE) Research Fund (a collaborative project of Trust Africa and International Development Research Council), without whose financial support the research would not have been possible. • Makerere University Business School for staffing and hosting the EEMP research project. • The leadership and technical personnel in organizations that support and work with women especially in the Ministry of Gender Labour and Social Development. • The field research and data team made up of Abraham Sembatya, Betty Nabuuma, Brenda Nakibuuka, Brenda Olumbe, Charlotte Karungi, Deborah Acore, Duncan Mugumya, Fredrick Lakweonyero, Innocent Bondet , Irene Nabuuma, Kosia Kasibayo, Lydia Ikirimat, Mark Mundua, Martha Apolot, Phoebe Nabikolo, Rachael Mirembe, Sarah Ssonko, Sharon Akello, Sophie Nanteza, Stephen Kakembo, Sylvia Ninsima and Wycliffe Rugogamu. • Mr. Collins Mwijuka, the Executive Secretary National Women’s Council for allowing access to his rich networks and knowledge base. • Søren Pilgaard Kristensen, for his insightful comments. • The women entrepreneurs without whom this study would have no meaning, thank you for your invaluable contribution. -
FACTORS AFFECTING WOMEN CAREER SUCCESS Dr
IT in Industry, Vol. 9, No.3, 2021 Published Online 16-April-2021 FACTORS AFFECTING WOMEN CAREER SUCCESS Dr. Osman Sahin FASE, Tishk International University, Erbil – Kurdistan Region in Iraq [email protected] as five values: attitudes, communication, expectations, expectations and leadership. As Abstract Doubell & Struwig (2014) explained that The objective of this study was to assess the being a business owner must have the success of women in leadership and following characteristics: trust, performance, entrepreneurship in developing countries, vision, focus and vision. Thus, even the including the Iraqi Kurdistan region. The definitions of leadership are not the same. But study used structured survey questionnaires in the value has remained the same the role of order to gain a clearer understanding of the leadership is important, because leadership reasons for success and the factors that skills can increase employees 'performance in motivate women to lead / entrepreneurial practice, they can improve satisfaction with' activity in the area. This survey was a web strong skills and the ability to create search and created by Survey Monkey, where satisfaction through appropriate work respondents allow you to do email research (Garrett-Howard, 2012). Haslam & Ryan and use social networking links. (2008) discussed the challenges facing women in promoting their role as a “mirror on the Are male and female leadership roles the roof”, due to the invisible barriers that many same? Specify the same number of male and women face as they pass through. The female executives in the company? Do you location of their work was chosen but they see that men and women have senior could not deal with it that way. -
Women in Computer Sciences in Romania: Success and Sacrifice
Journal of International Education and Leadership Volume 4 Issue 2 Fall 2014 http://www.jielusa.org/ ISSN: 2161-7252 Women in Computer Sciences in Romania: Success and Sacrifice Kelly Ward Washington State University Cornelia Dragne Independent Scholar Angelina J Lucas Washington State University The purpose of this article is to more fully understand the professional lives of women academics in computer sciences in six Romanian universities. The work is exploratory and relies on a qualitative framework to more fully understand what it means to be a woman academic in high-tech disciplines in a second world economy. We conducted in-depth, face-to-face interviews and reviewed a number of documents to create a context for the major social and political changes in Eastern Europe that affected the professional journeys of women academics in Romania. Results convey the ways in which gender, technology, and higher education are bound together by a multiplicity of conscious and unconscious inclusionary and exclusionary practices at universities. Findings also suggest that further research is needed on the theoretical underpinnings and practice of gender equality in Romanian higher education institutions. Women academics in computing face a complex interplay of discouraging factors, including severe financial austerity and the masculine domination of the disciplines, necessitating the establishment of structures and mechanisms to foster honest debate around the dilemma regarding equality of opportunity or equality of outcome. Keywords: Women in Computer Sciences; Women Academics; STEM; Romania A growing body of literature on gender equality faculty in science, technology, engineering, and in science points to an imbalance in the number, mathematical (STEM) disciplines. -
International Best Practice Report on Teaching Stem
ENGIE DELIVERABLE 1.4 ENGIE DELIVERABLE 1.4 INTERNATIONAL BEST PRACTICE REPORT ON TEACHING STEM Summary This report presents the results of the review aimed at identifying best practices and success stories relative to STEM teaching in Europe and worldwide, in the framework of WP1 “Programming”, tasks 1.3 and 1.4 Authors Silvia Giuliani PhD, Institute of Marine Sciences, National Research Council of Italy i ENGIE DELIVERABLE 1.4 Title: D 1.4 International best practice report on teaching STEM Lead beneficiary: National Research Council of Italy (CNR) Other beneficiaries: UNIM, LTU, UNIZG-RGNF, EFG, LPRC Due date: 31/08/2020 Delivery date: 20/08/2020 DOI: Recommended citation: Silvia Giuliani, The EIT ENGIE project: Deliverable 1.4 – International best practice report on teaching STEM i ENGIE DELIVERABLE 1.4 Table of contents Introduction …………………………………………………………………….……. 1 1. Theoretical concepts that underlie best practices for STEM teaching ...……………………………………………..…….….………..……... 3 1.1. Affective Domain and Individual Interest ………………….…………….……… 4 1.2. Communicating geosciences at the Solomon Islands …………………..…. 5 1.3. Research Partnership Consensus Statement ………………….………………. 6 1.4. Constructivist approach to Science education ……………….…….………... 7 1.5. Geoethics ……………………………………………………………….….………..…….….. 8 1.6. The protégé effect ……………………………………………………………………….… 9 1.7. Geoscience in the Anthropocene ….……………………………………………….. 10 1.8. Inquiry and Tenets of Multicultural Education …………………….…………. 11 1.9. Environmental Education ………………………………………….………..…………. 12 1.10. Gender Gap in Science interdisciplinary project ..…………………………… 13 1.11. SAGA – STI GOL .……………………………….……………………………………………. 14 1.12. Integrated STEM education …………………………………………………….……… 15 1.13. Inquiry-based STEM education ………………………………………………………. 16 2. Programs and projects for schools and the general public .… 17 2.1. UCAR SOARS ………………………………………………………..………………………… 18 2.2. The Texas Earth and Space Science Revolution ………………….…………… 19 2.3. -
Women in Academic Science: a Changing Landscape 541236Research-Article2014
PSIXXX10.1177/1529100614541236Ceci et al.Women in Academic Science: A Changing Landscape 541236research-article2014 Psychological Science in the Public Interest Women in Academic Science: A Changing 2014, Vol. 15(3) 75 –141 © The Author(s) 2014 Reprints and permissions: Landscape sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/1529100614541236 pspi.sagepub.com Stephen J. Ceci1, Donna K. Ginther2, Shulamit Kahn3, and Wendy M. Williams1 1Department of Human Development, Cornell University; 2Department of Economics, University of Kansas; and 3School of Management, Boston University Summary Much has been written in the past two decades about women in academic science careers, but this literature is contradictory. Many analyses have revealed a level playing field, with men and women faring equally, whereas other analyses have suggested numerous areas in which the playing field is not level. The only widely-agreed-upon conclusion is that women are underrepresented in college majors, graduate school programs, and the professoriate in those fields that are the most mathematically intensive, such as geoscience, engineering, economics, mathematics/ computer science, and the physical sciences. In other scientific fields (psychology, life science, social science), women are found in much higher percentages. In this monograph, we undertake extensive life-course analyses comparing the trajectories of women and men in math-intensive fields with those of their counterparts in non-math-intensive fields in which women are close to parity with or even exceed the number of men. We begin by examining early-childhood differences in spatial processing and follow this through quantitative performance in middle childhood and adolescence, including high school coursework. We then focus on the transition of the sexes from high school to college major, then to graduate school, and, finally, to careers in academic science.